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The effect of different inflation volumes of laryngeal mask airway on efficacy of closed circuit controlled ventilation in pediatric cancer patients

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The Chinese-German Journal of Clinical Oncology 2013年第12期12卷 596-601页

作者： Magda S.Azer Ayman A.Ghoneim Hossam Z.Ghobrial Anaesthesia&Pain Management Department National Cancer InstituteCairo University

Objective： The laryngeal mask airway （LMA） is an established way for airway control during spontaneous ventila- tion. Its ability to deliver positive pressure ventilation without leakage especially in low flow states is still controversy. The aim of this study is to test the possibility of using LMA in pediatric closed circuit controlled ventilation, and to find out the optimum cuff volume to perform closed system ventilation. Methods： Twenty children scheduled for elective surgeries were enrolled in a crossover study. Laryngeal mask airway was used. In stage I, the cuff was inflated with the maximum volume of air as rec- ommended by the manufacturers. Adjustment of volume of air inflated into the LMA cuff to the minimum volume to obtain the effective seal was done at stage II. The leak pressure, intracuff pressure and the leak volume were measured in both stages. Results： The cuff filling volume was significantly lower compared to the maximum cuff inflation volume in stage I. Leakage values showed significantly less values in stage II of the study with smaller cuff inflation volumes. The airway leakage pressure was significantly lower in stage fl in comparison to stage I. Cuff inflation pressure in stage I showed marked elevation which dropped significantly after adjustment of cuff volume in stage I1. Conclusion： Laryngeal mask airway is an effective tool to provide closed circuit controlled ventilation in pediatrics. Inflation of the cuff by the minimum volume of air needed to reach the just sealing pressure is suggested to minimize the leakage volume.

关键词： laryngeal mask airway (LMA) pediatric controlled ventilation closed circuit intracuff volume leak pressure

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ENTROPY CYCLE OF ENERGY AND URBAN CONFIGUATION

ENTROPY CYCLE OF ENERGY AND URBAN CONFIGUATION

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国际能源转换及利用学术会议

作者： Kuang Rao College of Architectural and Civil Engineering Wenzhou University Wenzhou, Zhejiang P. R. China Du Xianzhi Naval Academy of Engineering Wuhan, Hubei P. R. China

The utilization of energy is a course, not an objective. So totally we should consider the absorbing, assembling, depositing, transferring, releasing and dispersing. Largely forming and accumulating of high-entropy energy in environment have blocked entropy cycle of energy which would have been fluent, therefore they have brought about the double crisis about energy and environment. According to the theory about entropy cycle, in allusion to how to belock the high-entropy energy and make the energy cycle of gregarious space closed, we discussed the ways to improve on the existent system of utilizing energy, and prospected matching change of urban configuration in this paper.

关键词： high-entropy energy belock closed circuit urban configuration

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