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Developing a new agenda for increased food and climate security

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2024年第1期11卷 35-54页

作者： William J.DAVIES Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster UniversityLancasterLA14YQUK

In many countries, political and environmental pressures are currently combining to generate a perfect storm of circumstances that is reducing food availability, increasing food costs and thereby reducing the availability of food to many. The UK is currently considering new national food and land management policies, and attention is also being given to legislation to address diet-related health issues. Many now argue for a revolution in UK farming practices to reduce their impact on the natural environment. The UK is not alone in facing these and other challenges. Both the contribution of agriculture to greenhouse gas(GHG) emissions and the effects of climate change on food production are issues receiving worldwide attention.Regenerative agricultural practices can result in greater C capture, reduced GHG emissions, enhanced soil quality and enhanced biodiversity. However, it is questioned if such farming systems will be productive enough to feed a growing population with the food required for social and health benefits. To fully exploit the impact of new plant science in farmer fields, it is imperative to effectively link science to farming practices and conduct a broader conversation around the food revolution with social scientists and with the general public.

关键词： climate resilience food security human health planetary health regenerative agriculture

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Expert elicitations of smallholder agroforestry practices in Seychelles:A SWOT-AHP analysis

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区域可持续发展(英文) 2023年第3期4卷 282-295页

作者： Daniel ETONGO Uvicka BRISTOL Terence Epule EPULE Ajith BANDARA Sandra SINON James Michel Blue Economy Research Institute University of SeychellesAnse Royale1348Seychelles Department of Environmental Sciences University of SeychellesAnse Royale1348Seychelles International Water Research Institute Mohammed VI University PolytechnicBen Guerir43150Morocco Agrifood research and development unit University of Quebec in Abitibi-Témiscamingue(UQAT)QuebecJ0Z 3B0Canada Department of Computing and Information Systems University of SeychellesAnse Royal1348Seychelles Department of Agriculture Ministry of AgricultureClimate Change and Environment(MACCE)Victoria445Seychelles

Agroforestry can leverage the co-benefits of climate change adaptation and mitigation while conserving biodiversity and restoring degraded and deforested lands.The preference of relevant stakeholders regarding agroforestry practices enhances sustainable land management through strategic decision-making in Seychelles and other island states.A suitable approach for assessing stakeholders'preferences of agroforestry is the implementation of the strengths,weaknesses,opportunities,and threats(SWOT)approach in combination with the analytic hierarchy process(AHP)method.The entry point of this study is an extensive literature review process,during which 28 SWOT factors were identified.These SWOT factors were deliberated on during a half-day workshop with agricultural experts who agreed on 20 SWOT factors that reflect the local realities of the Seychelles through a consensus approach.Using the SWOT-AHP approach,focus group discussions were conducted to examine the perceptions of researchers and extension workers about the adoption of agroforestry in Seychelles.The results indicated that the positive aspects of smallholder agroforestry outweigh the negative aspects.For example,increased agricultural production,control runoff and soil erosion receive the highest scores among the strength factors perceived by researchers and extension workers,respectively.The willingness of international organizations to fund agroforestry-related projects and the existence of native tree species on farmlands have the highest scores among the opportunity factors.The lack of education,information,and communication between the government and farmers,and the small land size and crop competition have the highest scores among the weakness factors.Lastly,change in government policies on land use has the highest score among the threat factors by researchers,whereas the most significant threat is climate change and variability for the extension workers.The provision for a 30-year land lease agreement in the National Agroforestry Policy of Seychelles

关键词： Smallholder farmers Agroforestry climate resilience Extension worker Strengths weaknesses opportunities and threats(SWOT) Analytic hierarchy process(AHP) Seychelles

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Towards climate resilient urban energy systems: a review

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National Science Review 2021年第3期8卷 159-176页

作者： Vahid M.Nik A.T.D.Perera Deliang Chen Division of Building Physics Department of Building and Environmental Technology Lund University Institute for Future Environments(IFE) Queensland University of Technology(QUT) Regional climate Group Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of Gothenburg Division of Building Technology Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering Chalmers University of Technology Solar Energy and Building Physics Laboratory(LESO-PB) Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne(EPFL) Urban Energy Systems Laboratory

climate change and increased urban population are two major concerns for society.Moving towards more sustainable energy solutions in the urban context by integrating renewable energy technologies supports decarbonizing the energy sector and climate change mitigation.A successful transition also needs adequate consideration of climate change including extreme events to ensure the reliable performance of energy systems in the long run.This review provides an overview of and insight into the progress achieved in the energy sector to adapt to climate change,focusing on the climate resilience of urban energy systems.The state-of-the-art methodology to assess impacts of climate change including extreme events and uncertainties on the design and performance of energy systems is described and discussed.climate resilience is an emerging concept that is increasingly used to represent the durability and stable performance of energy systems against extreme climate events.However,it has not yet been adequately explored and widely used,as its definition has not been clearly articulated and assessment is mostly based on qualitative aspects.This study reveals that a major limitation in the state-of-the-art is the inadequacy of climate change adaptation approaches in designing and preparing urban energy systems to satisfactorily address plausible extreme climate events.Furthermore,the complexity of the climate and energy models and the mismatch between their temporal and spatial resolutions are the major limitations in linking these models.Therefore,few studies have focused on the design and operation of urban energy infrastructure in terms of climate resilience.Considering the occurrence of extreme climate events and increasing demand for implementing climate adaptation strategies,the study highlights the importance of improving energy system models to consider future climate variations including extreme events to identify climate resilient energy transition pathways.

关键词： climate resilience climate change adaptation urban energy systems renewable energy extreme events decentralized generation

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Can Natural Farming Help to Combat climate Variability? A Comparison of Natural and Chemical Farming in Andhra Pradesh, India

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Agricultural Sciences 2023年第9期14卷 1321-1342页

作者： Zakir Hussain Vijay Kumar Thallam Reshma Soma Kiranmai Jirra Himabindu Anisetti Bhavana Boppana Neelima Dendeti Rythu Sadhikara Samstha (RySS) Guntur AP India

A study was conducted to compare the potential of natural farming versus conventional chemical farming to withstand adverse climate effects. The study investigated two cyclones, namely cyclone Pethai and cyclone Titli of 2018, which caused significant damage to Andhra Pradesh’s coastal corridor. In addition, the impact of heavy rainfall in 2021 on two different farming systems was studied. The worst-affected Paddy crop regions where these cyclones caused severe damage were surveyed. Multiple linear regression was utilized to investigate predictors including crop damage, wind damage, submergence, and yield loss in these two agricultural systems during these two cyclonic and heavy rainfall events. The study indicated that natural farming practices were more resilient to climate variability than conventional chemical farming techniques. The study showed a statistically significant difference (p climate variabilities.

关键词： Natural Farming climate resilience Cyclones Heavy Rainfall

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Mainstreaming the nexus approach in climate services will enable coherent local and regional climate policies

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Advances in climate Change Research 2021年第5期12卷 752-755页

作者： Nicu Constantin TUDOSE Roger CREMADES Annelies BROEKMAN Anabel SANCHEZ-PLAZA Hermine MITTER Mirabela MARIN National Institute for Research and Development in Forestry“Marin Dracea”(INCDS) Ilfov County077190Romania Wageningen University and Research Leeuwenborch BuildingWageningenKN6706the Netherlands climate Service Center Germany(GERICS) Hamburg20095Germany CREAF Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions ForestalsCataloniaE08193Spain Institute for Sustainable Economic Development Department of Economics and Social SciencesUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesVienna1180Austria Transilvania University of Brașov Brasov500036Romania

The current challenges that society faces call for actions fostering climate change adaptation and long-term sustainability grounded in effective policies. Consequently, to raise environmental resilience and sustain human wellbeing, we need to overhaul the policy-making process towards a ‘holistic approach’. The nexus approach has proven a valuable tool for identifying gaps and incoherencies in current policies, for understanding major interlinkages across sectors and scales, and for promoting the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Nevertheless, a ‘silo approach’ to decision making currently prevails, thus achieving cross-sectoral and cross-scale harmonization still remains a challenge in policy-making. In response to this challenge, the next step in the science–policy–practice interface is to integrate the nexus approach in the ‘climate services’ arena, in order to support integrated policies. climate services embody a bridge between researchers and stakeholders, and by supporting integrated policies they will ensure synergies between sectors and scales, reduce potential trade-offs, and enable co-benefits.

关键词： Stakeholders Nexus climate services Cross-sectoral policies climate resilience

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Crop Yield Sensitivity to Climatic Variability as the Basis for Creating climate Resilient Agriculture

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American Journal of climate Change 2016年第1期5卷 69-76页

作者： David Chikodzi Department of Physics Geography and Environmental Science Great Zimbabwe University Masvingo Zimbabwe

climate change and variability are presenting challenges to the agricultural sector as well as agricultural sustainability in Zimbabwe. This paper was aimed at investigating the impacts of climate change and variability on maize, sorghum and groundnut production in the Buhera district of Zimbabwe. The paper specifically determined the climatic scenarios in Buhera and how crop production is sensitive to them. Temperature and rainfall data used were obtained from the Zimbabwe Meteorological Services Department. Crop yield data for maize, sorghum and groundnuts were obtained from the Department of Agriculture and Rural Extension Buhera District office. The Mann-Kendall Trend test was then used to determine if there were significant changes in the precipitation and temperature scenarios at Buhera weather station. Before performing the Mann-Kendall test, the time series data were first tested for auto-correlation. Finally the Spearman’s correlation coefficient was used to determine how precipitation and crop yields were related and the strength of their relationships. Mann-Kendall trend tests reviewed that only mean minimum temperatures show significant trends over time (p = 0.003, α = 0.05). Correlation analysis showed that only maize showed a significant correlation coefficient with the amount of rainfall (r = 0.79, r2 = 0.625 and p = 0.001, α = 0.05). The research showed that groundnuts were the least sensitive to climatic variations followed by sorghum;hence their production offers the best climatic resilience and must be encouraged to local subsistence farmers.

关键词： climate Change Crop Yield Sensitivity climate resilience Buhera District

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