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climate Warming mitigation from Nationally Determined Contributions

Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2022年第8期39卷 1217-1228页

作者： Bo FU Jingyi LI Thomas GASSER Philippe CIAIS Shilong PIAO Shu TAO Guofeng SHEN Yuqin LAI Luchao HAN Bengang LI Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science MOE Key Laboratory for Earth Surface ProcessesCollege of Urban and Environmental SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis(IIASA) 2361 LaxenburgAustria Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement CEA-CNRS-UVSQ91191 Gif-sur-YvetteFrance

Individual countries are requested to submit nationally determined contributions(NDCs)to alleviate global warming in the Paris ***,the global climate effects and regional contributions are not explicitly considered in the countries’decision-making *** this study,we evaluate the global temperature slowdown of the NDC scenario(ΔT=0.6°C)and attribute the global temperature slowdown to certain regions of the world with a compact earth system *** reductions in CO_(2),CH_(4),N_(2)O,BC,and SO_(2),the R5OECD(the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development in 1990)and R5ASIA(Asian countries)are the top two contributors to global warming mitigation,accounting for 39.3%and 36.8%,respectively.R5LAM(Latin America and the Caribbean)and R5MAF(the Middle East and Africa)followed behind,with contributions of 11.5%and 8.9%,*** remaining 3.5%is attributed to R5REF(the Reforming Economies).Carbon Dioxide emission reduction is the decisive factor of regional contributions,but not the only *** greenhouse gases are also important,especially for *** contribution of short-lived aerosols is small but significant,notably SO_(2)reduction in *** argue that additional species beyond CO_(2)need to be considered,including short-lived pollutants,when planning a route to mitigate climate *** needs to be emphasized that there is still a gap to achieve the Paris Agreement 2-degree target with current NDC efforts,let alone the ambitious 1.5-degree *** countries need to pursue stricter reduction policies for a more sustainable world.

关键词： climate mitigation nationally determined contributions attribution regional contribution integrated assessment models

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Spatial pattern of impervious surfaces and their impacts on land surface temperature in Beijing,China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2007年第2期19卷 250-256页

作者： XIAO Rong-bo OUYANG Zhi-yun ZHENG Hua LI Wei-feng SCHIENKE Erich W WANG Xiao-ke State Key Lab of Urban and Regional Ecology Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Belting 100085 China Department of Science and Technology Studies Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy NY 12180 USA

Land surface temperature （LST）, which is heavily influenced by urban surface structures, is a significant parameter in urban environmental analysis. This study examined the effect impervious surfaces （IS） spatial patterns have on LST in Beijing, China. A classification and regression tree model （CART） was adopted to estimate IS as a continuous variable using Landsat images from two seasons combined with QuickBird. LST was retrieved from the Landsat Thematic Mapper （TM） image to examine the relationships between IS and LST. The results revealed that CART was capable of consistently predicting LST with acceptable accuracy （correlation coefficient of 0.94 and the average error of 8.59%）. Spatial patterns of IS exhibited changing gradients across the various urban-rural transects, with LST values showing a concentric shape that increased as you moved from the outskirts towards the downtown areas. Transect analysis also indicated that the changes in both IS and LST patterns were similar at various resolution levels, which suggests a distinct linear relationship between them. Results of correlation analysis further showed that IS tended to be positively correlated with LST, and that the correlation coefficients increased from 0.807 to 0.925 with increases in IS pixel size. The findings identified in this study provide a theoretical basis for improving urban planning efforts to lessen urban temperatures and thus dampen urban heat island effects.

关键词： urban heat islands urban land cover normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) climate mitigation regression tree

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A U.S.‒China coal power transition and the global 1.5℃ pathway

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Advances in climate Change Research 2022年第2期13卷 179-186页

作者： Ryna Yiyun CUI Nathan HULTMAN Di-Yang CUI Haewon MCJEON Leon CLARKE Jia-Hai YUAN Wen-Jia CAI Center for Global Sustainability School of Public PolicyUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMD20742USA Joint Global Change Research Institute Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryCollege ParkMD20740USA School of Economics and Management North China Electric Power UniversityBeijing102206China Department of Earth System Science Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China

As the world seeks to increase ambition rapidly to limit global warming to 1.5℃,joint leadership from the world's largest greenhouse gas(GHG)emitters-the United States(U.S.)and China-will be critical to deliver significant emissions reductions from their own countries as well as to catalyze increased international *** a period of uncertainty in international climate policy,these countries now both have current leadership that supports ambitious climate *** this context,a feasible,high-impact,and potentially globally catalytic agreement by the *** China to transition away from coal to clean energy would be a major contribution toward this global *** undertake a plant-by-plant assessment in the power sector to identify practical coal retirement pathways for each country that are in line with national priorities and the global 1.5℃ *** plant-by-plant analysis shows that the 1.5℃-compatible pathways may result in an average retirement age of 47 years for the *** plants and 22 years for Chinese coal plants,raising important questions of how to compare broader economic,employment,and social *** also demonstrate that such pathways would also lead to significant emissions reductions,lowering overall global energy-related CO_(2) emissions by about 9%in 2030 relative to 2020.A catalytic effect from the possibility of other countries taking compatible actions is estimated to reduce global emissions by 5.1 Gt CO_(2) in 2030 and by 10.1 Gt CO_(2) in 2045.

关键词： U.S.‒China Coal power transition climate mitigation Paris agreement Integrated assessment modeling

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Spatiotemporal Evolution of Urban Heat Islands and Optimization of Spatial Network Construction in the Central Urban Area of Fuzhou City, China

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Chinese Geographical Science 2024年第5期34卷 917-930页

作者： ZHAO Qiuyue YU Kunyong GENG Jianwei LIN Jiqing AI Jingwen LIU Jian College of Landscape Architecture Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou 350002China University Key Lab for Geomatics Technology and Optimize Resources Utilization in Fujian Province Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou 350002China

Although accelerated urbanization has led to economic prosperity,it has also resulted in urban heat island ***,identifying methods of using limited urban spaces to alleviate heat islands has become an urgent *** this study,we assessed the spatiotemporal evolution of urban heat islands within the central urban area of Fuzhou City,China from 2010 to *** assessment was based on a morphological spatial pattern analysis(MSPA)model and an urban thermal environment spatial network constructed us-ing the minimum cumulative resistance(MCR)*** measures for the spatial network were proposed to provide a theor-etical basis for alleviating urban heat *** results show that the heat island area within the study area gradually increased while that of urban cold island area gradually *** core area was the largest of the urban heat island patch landscape elements with a significant impact on other landscape elements,and represented an important factor underlying urban heat island network *** thermal environment network revealed a total of 197 thermal environment corridors and 93 heat island *** locations were then optimized according to the current land use,which maximized the potential of 1599.83 *** based on current land use led to an increase in climate resilience,with effective measures showing reduction in thermal environment spatial network structure and function,contributing to the mitigation of urban heat *** findings support the use of current land use patterns during urban heat island mitigation measure planning,thus providing an important reference basis for alleviating urban heat island effects.

关键词： urban heat island spatiotemporal analysis circuit theory post optimization evaluation climate mitigation Fuzhou City,China

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No generality in biodiversity-productivity relationships along elevation in temperate and subtropical forest landscapes

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第3期11卷 255-265页

作者： Jiayun Zou Yahuang Luo Rupert Seidl Dominik Thom Jie Liu Lisa Geres Tobias Richter Linjiang Ye Wei Zheng Liangliang Ma Jie Song Kun Xu Dezhu Li Lianming Gao Sebastian Seibold Ecosystem Dynamics and Forest Management Research Group School of Life SciencesTechnical University of MunichHans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 285354FreisingGermany State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming650201YunnanChina Germplasm Bank of Wild Species Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming650201YunnanChina Lijiang Forest Biodiversity National Observation and Research Station Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesLijiang674100China Berchtesgaden National Park Doktorberg 683471Germany Gund Institute for Environment University of Vermont617 Main StreetBurlingtonVT 1105405USA Faculty of Biological Sciences Institute for EcologyEvolution and DiversityConservation BiologyGoethe University FrankfurtFrankfurt am MainGermany University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing10049China TUD Dresden University of Technology Forest ZoologyPienner Str.701737TharandtGermany

An improved understanding of biodiversity-productivity relationships(BPRs)along environmental gradients is crucial for effective ecosystem management and biodiversity *** stress-gradient hypothesis suggests that BPRs are stronger in stressful environments compared to more favorable ***,there is limited knowledge regarding the variation of BPRs along elevational gradients and their generality across different *** study how BPRs change with elevation,we harnessed inventory data on 6,431 trees from152 plots surveyed twice in eight to ten year intervals in mountain forests of temperate Europe and subtropical *** quantified the relationship between aboveground productivity and different biodiversity measures,including taxonomic,functional,and phylogenetic *** elucidate the processes underlying BPRs,we studied the variation of different functional traits along elevation across *** found no general pattern of BPRs across landscapes and *** were neutral for all biodiversity measures in temperate forests,and negative for taxonomic and functional diversity in subtropical *** were largely congruent between taxonomic,functional and phylogenetic *** found only weak support for the stress-gradient hypothesis,with BPRs turning from negative to positive(effect not significant)close to the tree line in subtropical *** temperate forests,however,elevation patterns were strongly modulated by species identity effects as influenced by specific *** effect of traits such as community-weighted mean of maximum plant height and wood density on productivity was congruent across *** study highlights the context-dependence of BPRs across elevation gradients and *** traits are key modulating factors of BPRs and should be considered more explicitly in studies of the functional role of ***,our findings highlight that potential trade-offs be

关键词： Biodiversity-ecosystem functioning climate mitigation Elevation gradients Forest management Forest productivity Functional traits Nature conservation Phylogenetic diversity

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2D materials:a wonderland for physical science

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National Science Review 2022年第5期9卷 6-7页

作者： Yi Xie Dongyuan Zhao Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale University of Science and Technology of China Department of Chemistry State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM) Fudan University

Two-dimensional (2D) functional materials (2DFMs) are materials with 2D features and fascinating physical properties for various *** large diameter-length ratio gives them unprecedented property compared to their bulky states.A free surface state,unsaturated active site,flexible light-matter interaction and the strong quantum Hall effect make 2DFMs optimal for many emerging *** the past two decades,

关键词： greenhouse gas carbon cycle climate mitigation wetland methane isotope

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The need for data integration to address the challenges of climate change on the Guyana coast

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Geography and Sustainability 2021年第4期2卷 288-297页

作者： Temitope D.Timothy Oyedotun Helene Burningham Department of Geography Faculty of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of GuyanaP.O.Box 101110Turkeyen CampusGeorgetownGuyana Coastal and Estuarine Research Unit(CERU) Department of GeographyUniversity College LondonGower StreetLondonWC1E 6BTUnited Kingdom

Guyana’s capacity to address the impacts of climate change on its coastal environment requires the ability to mon-itor,quantify and understand coastal change over short-,medium-and *** the drivers of change in coastal and marine environment can be achieved through the accurate measurement and critical anal-yses of morphologies,flows,processes and *** manuscript presents a strategy developed to create a central resource,database and web-based platform to integrate data and information on the drivers and the changes within Guyana coastal and marine *** strategy involves four complimentary work pack-ages including data collection,development of a platform for data integration,application of the data for coastal change analyses and consultation with *** last aims to assess the role of the integrated data sys-tems to support strategic governance and sustainable *** is hoped that the output of this strategy would support the country’s climate-focused agencies,organisations,decision-makers,and researchers in their tasks and endeavours.

关键词： climate adaptation climate mitigation Data needs Data integration Web-based platform

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Natural climate *** way forward

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Geography and Sustainability 2023年第2期4卷 179-182页

作者： Caichun Yin Paulo Pereira Wenwu Zhao Damia Barcelo State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Faculty of Geographical ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Institute of Land Surface System and Sustainable Development Faculty of Geographical ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Environmental Management Laboratory Mykolas Romeris UniversityAteities s.20VilniusLithuania Catalan Institute for Water Research(ICRA-CERCA) GironaCataloniaSpain

climate change is a global challenge that threatens global ecological security and sustainable ***-ing ways to mitigate their impacts is paramount through engineering carbon storage,low-carbon energy tran-sition,or natural climate solutions(NCS).NCS involve a set of measures(e.g.,afforestation,land restoration,biochar reuse or sustainable land use practices).Implementing NCS increases carbon sequestration and mitigates climate change at the lowest costs and greenest *** addition,NCS practices can improve multiple ecosystem services(ES)such as air quality,flood and erosion regulation,pest control,water purification,wild food biomass,recreation or landscape ***,unsustainable implementation of NCS,such as over-afforestation of dense mono-forest,can lead to tradeoffs with water supply,wildfire risk,and decreased grasslands and ***,to optimise the NCS implementation,reducing the tradeoffs associated and transforming the“expand ecosystem area”to“improve ecosystem management efficiency”is *** NCS can contribute significantly to mitigating climate change,systematic climate actions must be accompanied by a transformation in the global society and investment in new *** will be key to addressing global challenges such as the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs),such as SDG 13(climate Action),SDG 15(Life on Land),SDG 2(Zero Hunger),SDG 3(Good Health and Wellbeing),SDG 6(Clean Water and Sanitation),and SDG 14(Life Bellow Water).

关键词： Natural climate solutions climate mitigation Ecosystem services Tradeoffs Sustainable Development Goals

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Perceived Injustices in Forest Policy Interventions are Causes of Forest Resources Degradation and Loss in Ghana: A Review

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Open Journal of Forestry 2021年第3期11卷 171-191页

作者： Richard Kyere-Boateng Michal V. Marek Mikuláš Huba Tatiana Kluvankova Department of Spatial Planning Institute of Management Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava Vazovova 5 812 43 Bratislava Slovakia Department of the Human Dimensions of Global Change Global Change Research Institute Czech Academy of Sciences Brno Bělidla 986/4a 603 00 Brno Czech Republic Department of Geographic Science University of Energy and Natural Resources (UENR) 214 Sunyani Ghana SlovakGlobe Institute of Management Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava Vazovova 5 812 43 Bratislava Slovakia SlovakGlobe: Institute of Forest Ecology Slovak Academy of Sciences Institute of Management Slovak University of Technology Vazovova 5 812 43 Bratislava Slovakia

Forests provide diverse co-benefits, including livelihoods enhancement, poverty alleviation, and biodiversity conservation and ecosystem services such as climate mitigation. Consequently, Ghana has embraced several global, regional, national, and local forest policy interventions to safeguard its forest resources’ sustainable management. However, the forest policy interventions have not adequately addressed the co-benefits issues of forest resources leading to several forest illegalities that drive forest resources degradation and loss. These forest policies and interventions on the ground primarily favour carbon stocks enhancement and sequestration activities for carbon mitigation purposes compared to the benefits, access and rights that forest-dependent people and communities are supposed to derive from forest resources. These perceived injustices in the access and distribution of forest resources have culminated into all forms of forest illegalities driving Ghana’s forest resources into massive degradation and loss. Currently, Ghana is experiencing a 2% rate of annual deforestation and forest degradation, which translates into approximately 135,000 ha/year of forest cover loss due to anthropogenic causes. Our review is based on relevant and critical forest documents, and scientific peer-reviewed papers on Ghana’s forest policy interventions and dynamics recently published. The information gathered enabled us to highlight the perceived injustices in the forest policy interventions and their

关键词： Ghana Forest Policy Intervention Deforestation and Biodiversity Degradation climate mitigation Sustainability

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A comprehensive review of carbon sequestration of seagrass in China from 2013

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Marine Science Bulletin 2024年第1期26卷 31-41页

作者： HUANG Xiaotong China Offshore Environmental Service Limited Tianjin 300450China Tianjin University of Science&Technology Tianjin 300457China

Seagrass is not only known for its ecological role,but also for its high capacity on the carbon *** the area of seagrass meadows was less than 0.2%of the world’s oceans,the yearly organic carbon burial of seagrass reached 10%of that in the *** activities in the past two decades and the climate change have led to a significant decrease of seagrass *** seagrass is widely distributed along the coastline of China,it is necessary to put more efforts on the seagrass conservation and restoration,which will consequently be a suitable nature based solution for mitigating the climate *** paper provides a comprehensive review on the following five aspects:1)the seagrass distribution in China;2)the role that seagrass plays in the climate mitigation;3)carbon sequestration of seagrass in China;4)loss of seagrass habitats and 5)the restoration of seagrass habitat in China since *** research gap and prospective research direction were also pointed out in this study.

关键词： seagrass carbon sequestration climate mitigation restoration distribution ecological role

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