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Pharmacological intervention for chronic phase of spinal cord injury

Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1377-1389页

作者： Chihiro Tohda Section of Neuromedical Science Institute of Natural MedicineUniversity of ToyamaToyamaJapan

Spinal cord injury is an intractable traumatic injury. The most common hurdles faced during spinal cord injury are failure of axonal regrowth and reconnection to target sites. These also tend to be the most challenging issues in spinal cord injury. As spinal cord injury progresses to the chronic phase, lost motor and sensory functions are not recovered. Several reasons may be attributed to the failure of recovery from chronic spinal cord injury. These include factors that inhibit axonal growth such as activated astrocytes, chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, myelin-associated proteins, inflammatory microglia, and fibroblasts that accumulate at lesion sites. Skeletal muscle atrophy due to denervation is another chronic and detrimental spinal cord injury–specific condition. Although several intervention strategies based on multiple outlooks have been attempted for treating spinal cord injury, few approaches have been successful. To treat chronic spinal cord injury, neural cells or tissue substitutes may need to be supplied in the cavity area to enable possible axonal growth. Additionally, stimulating axonal growth activity by extrinsic factors is extremely important and essential for maintaining the remaining host neurons and transplanted neurons. This review focuses on pharmacotherapeutic approaches using small compounds and proteins to enable axonal growth in chronic spinal cord injury. This review presents some of these candidates that have shown promising outcomes in basic research(in vivo animal studies) and clinical trials: AA-NgR(310)ecto-Fc(AXER-204), fasudil, phosphatase and tensin homolog protein antagonist peptide 4, chondroitinase ABC, intracellular sigma peptide,(-)-epigallocatechin gallate, matrine, acteoside, pyrvate kinase M2, diosgenin, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor, and fampridine-sustained release. Although the current situation suggests that drug-based therapies to recover function in chronic spinal cord injury are limited, potential candidates have been identified through basic research,

关键词： axonal growth chronic phase clinical study pharmacotherapy spinal cord injury

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Regenerative medicine strategies for chronic complete spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第4期19卷 818-824页

作者： Shogo Hashimoto Narihito Nagoshi Masaya Nakamura Hideyuki Okano Department of Orthopedic Surgery Keio University School of Medicine Department of Physiology Keio University School of Medicine

Spinal cord injury is a condition in which the parenchyma of the spinal cord is damaged by trauma or various diseases.While rapid progress has been made in regenerative medicine for spinal cord injury that was previously untreatable,most research in this field has focused on the early phase of incomplete injury.However,the majority of patients have chronic severe injuries;therefore,treatments for these situations are of fundamental importance.The reason why the treatment of complete spinal cord injury has not been studied is that,unlike in the early stage of incomplete spinal cord injury,there are various inhibitors of neural regeneration.Thus,we assumed that it is difficult to address all conditions with a single treatment in chronic complete spinal cord injury and that a combination of several treatments is essential to target severe pathologies.First,we established a combination therapy of cell transplantation and drug-releasing scaffolds,which contributes to functional recovery after chronic complete transection spinal cord injury,but we found that functional recovery was limited and still needs further investigation.Here,for the further development of the treatment of chronic complete spinal cord injury,we review the necessary approaches to the different pathologies based on our findings and the many studies that have been accumulated to date and discuss,with reference to the literature,which combination of treatments is most effective in achieving functional recovery.

关键词： cell transplantation chronic phase complete transection regenerative medicine spinal cord injury

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Clinical Effect of Imatinib,Nilotinib,and Dasatinib on chronic Myeloid Leukemia in chronic phase

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Journal of Clinical and Nursing Research 2022年第4期6卷 17-21页

作者： Yudi Miao Department of Hematology Shaanxi Provincial People’s HospitalXi’an 710068China

The study was conducted to explore the effect of imatinib,nilotinib,and dasatinib in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia(CML)patients.Around 66 patients with CML in chronic phase were selected,subsequently the patients were subdivided into 3 groups with 22 patients in each group:Group A were treated with imatinib;Group B were treated with nilotinib;and Group C were treated with dasatinib.The study showed that,at 18 months of treatment,compared with group A,the molecular biology remission rates of group B and group C were significantly higher,p0.05 were observed in the complete hematologic remission rates,and the incidences of neutropenia and thrombocytopenia among the three groups.In summary,nilotinib and dasatinib are effective in the treatment of patients with CML in the chronic phase,which is significantly better than imatinib treatment.

关键词： Imatinib Nilotinib Dasatinib chronic myeloid leukemia chronic phase Clinical effect

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Endovascular middle cerebral arterial occlusion in a nonhuman primate model of chronic stroke

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Neural Regeneration Research 2011年第8期6卷 629-634页

作者： Qiang Wang Tong Zhang Chunyu Zhao Bin Du Feng Gao Mei Wen Weijian Jiang Department of Neurorehabilitation Capital Medical University School of Rehabilitation Medicine Beijing Charity Hospital China RehabilitationResearch Center Beijing 100068 China

No study has reported the safety, effectiveness, and consistency of endovascular middle cerebral artery occlusion in a chronic cerebral ischemia model. Nor have studies verified the safest and most effective segment, or branch, in the embolic middle cerebral artery. In this experiment, cerebral infarction models were established at M1, and on the upper and lower trunks on the contralateral side of the handedness of rhesus monkeys by using endovascular intervention. The results confirmed a high animal survival rate in stroke models of middle cerebral artery upper trunk occlusion. There was pronounced paralysis at the acute phase, long-term upper extremity dysfunction at the chronic phase, and the models showed good repeatability and consistency. Thus, this study describes a safe and effective model of chronic stroke.

关键词： nonhuman primate animal model cerebral infarction chronic phase endovascular occlusion neural regeneration

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