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Attitude towards genetic testing for breast cancer susceptibility genes and choice of prevention strategies in Chinese women with or without breast cancer

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2025年第1期22卷 28-32页

作者： Xue Yu Furong Kou Yuntao Xie Department of Breast Surgery Peking University International Hospital Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing) Department of Comprehensive Clinical Trial WardPeking University Cancer Hospital & Institute Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing) Familial and Hereditary Cancer Center Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute

Breast cancer (BC) is now the most common cancer and the fifth leading cause of cancer-associated mortality among women in China1. Germline pathogenic variants (PVs) of BC susceptibility genes, such as the well-known BRCA1/2 genes, increase the risk of BC and other cancers (ovarian and pancreatic cancer)2,3. Recent studies have demonstrated substantial benefits of poly (adenosine diphosphate ribose) polymerase inhibitors in the treatment of BC patients who carry BRCA1/2 PVs4.

关键词： strategies chinese attitude cancer genetic genes breast choice prevention susceptibility

The Payouts choice for Deposit Insurance System

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2019年第5期32卷 1404-1425页

作者： CHANG Yiming ZHAO Shangmei HU Fei School of Economics and Management Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Institute of Market and Price National Development and Reform CommissionBeijing 100038China.

Entropy balancing is introduced to assess the deposit insurance design characteristics in this paper. Applying an extensive duration data including 141 countries from 1960 to 2015, the authors employ the entropy balancing method to simulate the data structure under the implicit deposit insurance system. Then the paper adopts an endogenous treatment effects model and a Heckman two-step selection model to examine payouts choice of the deposit insurance. It is found that entropy balancing can calibrate unit weights and reweight treatment and control groups by a maximum entropy ***, a possibly given conditions will be satisfied and information concerning sample moments will be integrated. The results show clearly that different payouts choice and the corresponding coverage setting can effectively reduce the moral hazards that may result from the introduction of a deposit insurance scheme. When the Payouts is Per Depositor Account or Per Depositor, the banks’ moral hazard is higher. However, the payment method of Per Depositor Per Institution can effectively restrain the banks’ risk-taking activities.

关键词： Deposit insurance entropy balancing payouts choice treatment effects

Behavioral modification in choice process of Drosophila

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2003年第4期46卷 399-413页

作者：王顺鹏唐世明李岩郭爱克 Laboratory of VisualInformation Processing Centerfor Brainand Cognitive Sciences Institute of Biophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Instituteof Neuroscience ShanghaiInstitutesfor Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai200031 ChinaCorrespondenceshould

In visual operant conditioning of Drosophila at the flight simulator, only motor output of flies——yaw torque——is recorded, which is involved in the conditioning process. The current study used a newly-designed data analysis method to study the torque distribution of Drosophila. Modification of torque distribution represents the effects of operant conditioning on flies?behavioral mode. Earlier works[10] showed that, when facing contradictory visual cues, flies could make choices based upon the relative weightiness of different cues, and it was demonstrated that mushroom bodies might play an important role in such choice behavior. The new 搕orque-position map?method was used to explore the CS-US associative learning and choice behavior in Drosophila from the aspect of its behavioral mode. Finally, this work also discussed various possible neural bases involved in visual associative learning, choice processing and modification processing of the behavioral mode in the visual operant conditioning of Drosophila.

关键词： visual operant conditioning, choice behavior, torque distribution, mushroom bodies.

Key Factors Affecting Farmers’ choice of Corn Reduction under the China’s New Agriculture Policy in the ‘Liandaowan’ Areas, Northeast China

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Chinese Geographical Science 2019年第6期29卷 1039-1051页

作者： LIU Shiwei ZHANG Pingyu LIU Wenxin HE Xiuli Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology Chinese Academy of SciencesChangchun 130102China School of Geographical Sciences Southwest UniversityChongqing 400715China

Farmers are the main land managers, and their production decisions crucially affect crop outputs and farmland *** the motivations and factors underlying farmers’ decision making is a fundamental to implementation polices of *** study analyzed factors that influence farmers’ choice of corn reduction under the China’s new agriculture policy in the ‘Liandaowan’ areas of Northeast *** study collected data from 106 randomly selected households in 34 villages in ‘Liandaowan’ areas of Northeast China using a semi-structured *** showed that the Chinese corn structural adjustment plan confronted with many constraints, and most of farmers insist on planting *** and low accumulated temperature, no suitable substitution crop, farmers’ preferences, farmers’ education and age, relatively high comparative benefit of corn, the availability of machinery and technical assistance, subsidies and low family incomes all influence farmers’ choice of corn *** on our experimental results, we derived important policy implications for promoting corn structural adjustment incorporate increase crop diversity, promote soybean and corn rotation, provide adequate agricultural extension services, and increase the corn substitution subsidies and improve farmers’ income.

关键词： agriculture policy crop choice decision making impacts Northeast China

Potato farmers’ preference for agricultural insurance in China: An investigation using the choice experimental method

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2020年第4期19卷 1137-1148页

作者： HUANG Ze-ying Alec ZUO SUN Jun-mao GUO Yan-zhi Institute of Food and Nutrition Development Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsBeijing 100081P.R.China Centre for Global Food and Resources University of AdelaideAdelaide 5005Australia

Potato insurance plays an important role in transferring agricultural risks to promote the potato staple strategy. Understanding farmers’ real preferences for potato insurance attributes is important to improve the potato insurance. In this study, a choice experiment was designed with attributes such as peril, minimum compensation ratio for production loss, types of crops covered by insurance, annual premium per mu after subsidy, and complexity of claims procedures. We constructed a mixed logit model based on a questionnaire survey of 362 potato farmers’ choices of insurance attributes from 24 villages in Dingxi City of Gansu Province using random sampling. The results show that:(1) farmers prefer agricultural insurance with widely perils including output price drop and input cost risk;(2) farmers who have suffered plant disease and insect and pest damage are willing to pay a high premium for the insurance with a high compensation ratio and several types of crops covered;full-time farmers and large-scale farmers preferred insurance products with low complexity of claims procedures. Therefore, new potato insurance design could be considered specifically for different farmer groups such as those who had previous disaster experiences, and large-or small-scale farm operations.

关键词： agricultural insurance choice experimental method potato attributes preferences

Sex differences in cognition and their relationship to male mate choice

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Current Zoology 2019年第3期65卷 285-293页

作者： Jason KEAGY Ross MINTER Robin M.TINGHITEELLA Department of Animal Biology School of Integrative Biology University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL USA Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome University of Colorado School of Medicine Aurora CO USA Department of Biological Sciences University of DenverDenverCOUSA

Male cognition has gained recognition as an important potential player in sexual selection. A number of studies have found positive correlations between male sexual signals and cognitive performance an d/or female pref ere nces for males with better cog nitive performance, although other studies have not fou nd these relati on ships. Sex roles can differ dramatically, and sex differen ces in selection on cog nition likely follow from the different tasks associated with these sex roles. Here, using threespine stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus, a species with clearly diverge nt sex roles and mutual mate choice, we focus on the cognitive trait inhibitory control because males must differentially respond to reproductive females versus other sticklebacks while defending territories and refrain from eating eggs and fry while performing paternal care. We presented fish with a detour task four times over a period of 7 days, allowing us to assess initial inhibitory control and improvement over time. We ask 1) whether there are sex differences in inhibitory control and 2) whether male mate choice is associated with female inhibitory control. Although males outperformed females on three different measures of detour task performance across four trials, these differences were largely explained by males being less neophobic than females. Females took more trials to successfully solve the detour task, even after accounting for sex differences in neophobia. Female cognitive abilities, however, were unrelated to the vigor with which males courted them. The equivocal results regarding sex differences in cognitive ability suggest further study given the very different selection pressures each sex experiences.

关键词： cognition detour task mutual mate choice sexual selection threespine stickleback

choice of Species in China's Plantation Forestry

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北京林业大学学报 1992年第S2期14卷 15-24页

作者： Shen GuofangForest Resources College, Beijing Forestry University

This paper reviews the new developments in the choice of tree species for China’s plantation forestry in relation to forest regionalization and site classification. After a brief discussion on the fundamental principles of choosing species,it gives the statistical data of the species composition of established forest plantations and recommendation for suitable tree species for plantations in some important forestry regions. Results of studies in 3 different cases have been given to illustrate the research approach in choice of tree species in accordance with the planting sites.

关键词： choice of species forest regionalization site classification

Wrap choice during fundoplication

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第48期25卷 6876-6879页

作者： Simon R Bramhall Moustafa M Mourad Department of Surgery The County HospitalHereford HR12ERUnited Kingdom Department of Surgery Worcester Royal InfirmaryWorcester WR51DDUnited Kingdom

Gastro-oesphageal reflux disease is an increasing health *** mainstay of treatment has conventionally been medical therapy but since the introduction of laparoscopic surgery laparoscopic anti-reflux surgery has been increasingly used for intractable symptoms or in patients unwilling to take long term *** Nissen 360 degree wrap has traditionally been considered the gold standard operation but can be associated with significant *** complications include“gas bloat”and dysphagia and can occur relatively *** modifications have been described to the original operation and some of these have been *** addition alternative wraps have been described which seem to have a reduced incidence of complications associated with their *** editorial discusses the various types of wrap that can be performed and the minimum requirements of the surgical *** evidence from a recent meta-analysis of the randomised data has suggested that an anterior wrap is associated with a lower rate of complications and gives just as good control of reflux *** advantages and disadvantages of an anterior wrap are *** lack of long term follow up data concerns some practitioners and at the moment the choice of wrap carried out still rests with the individual surgeon.

关键词： Fundoplication Wrap Laparoscopic Reflux disease choice

Demonstrating mate choice copying in spiders requires further research

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Current Zoology 2020年第2期66卷 215-216页

作者： R.Tucker GILMAN Kasey FOWLER-FINN Eileen A.HEBETS School of Earth and Environmental Sciences The University of ManchesterManchesterUK Department of Biology Saint Louis UniversitySt.LouisUSA School of Biological Sciences University of Nebraska-LincolnLincolnNEUSA

Mate choice copying-when individuals learn to prefer mates or mate types that have been chosen by others-can influence trait evo-lution and speciation(Varela et al.2018;Dion et al.2019).Most examples of mate choice copying are from fish,birds,and mammals including humans(Varela et al.2018).However,2 invertebrate examples-fruit flies and wolf spiders-have been used to argue that the phenomenon may be phylogenetically widespread,and perhaps the rule rather than the exception in nature(Varela et al.2018).Here,we revisit the evidence for mate choice copying in wolf spiders(Fowler-Fimn et al.2015)in light of new data(Gilman et al.2018).Then,we discuss why mate choice copying is a phenomenon that is likely to occur in wolf spiders,and why this deserves attention.

关键词： invertebrates mate choice copying Schizocosa sexual selection speciation spiders