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Synchronous removal of CuO nanoparticles and Cu2+ by polyaluminum chloride-Enteromorpha polysaccharides: Effect of Al species and pH

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2020年第2期32卷 1-11页

作者： Yuanxia Luo Baoyu Gao Jie Wang Qinyan Yue Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of Environmental Science and EngineeringShandong University266000 QingdaoChina

Copper oxide nanomaterials have been extensively applied and can have serious impacts when discharged into the aquatic environment, especially when complexed with humic acid(HA) to form composite contaminants.As an innovative recycled coagulant aid,Enteromorpha polysaccharides(Ep) were associated with polyaluminum chloride(PACl)(denoted as PACl-Ep) to simultaneously remove CuO nanoparticles, Cu2+and HA in this study.The influence of different Al species coagulants(AlCl3, PAClb and PAClc) and water pH on coagulation performance, floc properties and reaction mechanisms was investigated in detail.Results showed that in the three PACl-Ep systems, PAClb-Ep gave the highest removal efficiencies for turbidity and Cu2+, and the best UV254 removal effect was reached by using PAClc-Ep.Higher contents of Alb and Alc contributed to great coagulation performance because of their stronger bridging and sweeping effects.For all the Al species coagulants, alkalescent conditions were more conducive to removing Cu and HA compared to acidic conditions.Additionally, smaller and more agminated flocs with great recovery ability were formed by PAClb-Ep and PAClc-Ep systems(bridging and enmeshment effects cooperated with the chelated reticular structure formed by the Ep and Al species).Similarly,due to the increased hydrolysis and hydroxide precipitates, flocs formed under the condition of alkalescence were smaller, denser and stronger compared with weakly acidic conditions.

关键词： Al species Enteromorpha polysaccharides Polyaluminum chloride 27Al nuclear magnetic resonance Simultaneous removal

Acid precipitation coupled electrodialysis to improve separation of chloride and organics in pulping crystallization mother liquor

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2019年第12期27卷 2917-2924页

作者： Zhaoyang Li Rongzong Li Zhaoxiang Zhong Ming Zhou Min Chen Weihong Xing State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering National Engineering Research Center for Special Separation MembraneNanjing Tech UniversityNanjing 211816China

Inefficient separation of inorganic salts and organic matters in crystallization mother liquor is still a problem to industrial wa stewater treatment since the high salinity significantly impedes organic pollutant degradation by oxidation or incineration.In the study,acidification combined electrodialysis(ED)was attempted to effectively separate Cl-ions from organics in concentrate pulping wastewater.Membrane’s rejection rate to total organic carbon(TOC)was 85%at wastewater intrinsic pH=9.8 and enhanced to 93%by acidifying it to pH=2 in ED process.Negative-charged alkaline organic compounds(mainly lignin)could be liberated from their sodium salt forms and coagulated in acidification pretreatment.Neutralization of the organic substances also made their electro-migration less effective under electric driving force and in particular improved separation efficiency of chloride and organics.After acid-ED coupled treatment(pH=2 and J=40 mA·cm-2)[TOC]remarkably reduced from 1.315 g·L-1 to 0.048 g·L-1 and[Cl-]accumulated to 130 g·L-1 in concentrate solution.Recovery rate of NaCl was 89%and the power consumption was 0.38 kW·h·kg-1 NaCl.Irreversible fouling was not caused as electric resistance of membrane pile maintained stably.In conclusion,acidic-ED is a practical option to treat salinity organic wastewater when current techniques including thermal evaporation and pressure-driven membrane se paration present limitations.

关键词： Crystallization mother liquor Acid precipitation Electrodialysis chloride recovery

Suicide attempt using potassium tablets for congenital chloride diarrhea:A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2020年第8期8卷 1463-1470页

作者： Shigeo Iijima Department of Pediatrics Hamamatsu University School of MedicineHamamatsu 4313192Japan

BACKGROUND Congenital chloride diarrhea(CCD)is a rare inherited disorder of intestinal electrolyte transport that results in a large wastage of electrolytes and water.Advances in substitution therapy using sodium chloride(NaCl)and potassium chloride(KCl)have dramatically improved survival for patients with CCD.Slowrelease KCl is widely prescribed as a potassium supplement;however,it has also occasionally been used in suicide attempts,as potassium poisoning can generate life-threatening hyperkalemia.CASE SUMMARY A 26-year-old female presented to the emergency department(ED)with selfpoisoning,having taken 30 tablets of slow-release KCl(total:240 mmol potassium)following an auditory hallucination.The patient had been undergoing substitution therapy with NaCl and KCl for CCD and been followed up in the pediatric department.One month prior,she developed insomnia and anxiety and had consulted a psychiatrist.At the ED,although her general condition was good,she appeared agitated.Her serum potassium level was 7.0 mmol/L,indicating hyperkalemia,and electrocardiographic changes showed tenting of the T-waves.She responded to the administration of calcium gluconate,sodium bicarbonate,and insulin with glucose,and the serum potassium level improved.Finally,she was diagnosed with schizophrenia.CONCLUSION In CCD management,physicians should pay careful attention to patients’extraintestinal issues,including psychological disorders that may emerge in adulthood.

关键词： Congenital chloride diarrhea Substitution therapy Suicide Potassium overdose Schizophrenia Case report

Effects of chloride on electrochemical and stress corrosion cracking behavior of 9Cr ferritic-martensitic steel

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research(International) 2020年第6期27卷 719-731页

作者： Zhen Zhang Zheng-fei Hu Liang He Xiao-bo Zhang Xin-xian Fang Bao-sen Zhang Zhi-xin Ba Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Structural Materials and Application Technology Nanjing 211167JiangsuChina School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanjing Institute of TechnologyNanjing 211167JiangsuChina School of Materials Science and Engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai 201804China School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlanta 30332-0620USA

The electrochemical and stress corrosion cracking behavior of 9Cr ferritic-martensitic steel is investigated in the chloride environment by using the traditional electrochemical method, the scanning vibrating electrode technique and the slow strain rate test (SSRT). Results of the static corrosion tests and corrosion morphology show that the prior austenite grain boundaries and martensite lath boundaries are the preferred sites for pit nucleation and growth in chloride environment. Results of SSRT coupled with insitu electrochemical test show that the transition from pitting corrosion to uniform corrosion, as well as the nucleation of stress corrosion crack, is the synergistic effects of the chloride and applied load. Stress corrosion cracking of the steel in the chloride environment can be divided into three different regions as follows: fast and uniform corrosion activ-ity, microcrack nucleation and propagation, and active crack growth regions.

关键词： 9Cr ferritic-martensitic steel chloride In situ electrochemical test Scanning vibrating electrode technique Stress corrosion cracking

Effect of chloride on spectrum properties of Pr^3+/Ho^3+ co-doped fluorozirconate glasses

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Journal of Rare Earths 2020年第2期38卷 139-142页

作者： Ya Zou Yajie Wang Shuai Han Ying Du Danping Chen Qiuhong Yang Department of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201800China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

An effective method of improving the luminescent properties of rare earth ions in fluoride glasses were reported.The Pr^3+/Ho^3+co-doped fluorochlorozirconate luminescent glasses were prepared,and the effects of chloride on the spectral properties and structure of the glasses were studied.According to the results,the glass stability is improved,and the luminescence intensity in the visible range is significantly enhanced with the introduction of chloride.By introducing 7.5 mol% BaCl2,the luminescence intensity reaches the maximum and increases by three times,The mechanism of luminescence enhancement is explained by analyzing the correlation between the composition and the structure.The chloride ions disperse outside the glass network before the introduction of 7.5 mol% BaCl2 and increased dispersity of Pr^3+and Ho^3+ions in the fluorozirconate glasses.

关键词： Pr^3+ Ho^3+ Luminescent glass chloride Dispersity Rare earths

Preparation of Ultralow Molecular Weight Poly(vinyl chloride) with Submicrometer Particles via Precipitation Polymerization

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2019年第7期37卷 646-653页

作者： Peng Cui Chang-Tong Song Xian-Hong Zhang Dong Chen Yu-Hong Ma Wan-Tai Yang State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering Beijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing 100029China College of Material Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing 100029China

Poly(vinyl chloride), with ultralow molecular weight, produced by free radical polymerization either at high temperature or in the presence of chain transfer agents, is widely used as special resins and polymer process additives. This paper reports a new process, called self-stabilized precipitation polymerization, in which the polymerization of vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) is conducted in hydrocarbon diluents without addition of any suspending agent or emulsifier. The merits of this novel strategy include:(1) PVC resins with ultra-low number-average molecular weight (Mn) from 4000 to 15000, which is much lower than Mn of those prepared by conventional suspension and emulsion polymerizations,(2) sub-micrometer PVC particles with near spherical morphology, and (3) the very simple post-polymerization separation process. Under mild stirring, polymerization proceeds stably and smoothly. The influences of main process factors, such as solvents, initiator and monomer concentrations, polymerization time, and temperature on both particle morphology and Mn of the polymer products are investigated systematically. The molar ratio of-CH2-CHCl-/-CH=CH-CH2CHCl, a good indicator of structural defects, is about 1000/0.1 which means the low molecular weights do not result from chain transfer to the monomers. Then the mechanism of this polymerization is proposed. In summary, this novel polymerization technology provides a straightforward method for preparing PVC particulate products with low Mn.

关键词： Precipitation polymerization Vinyl chloride Ultralow molecular weight Pure product

Effect of chloride ion on corrosion behavior of low carbon steel in 0.1 M NaHCO_3 solution with different dissolved oxygen concentrations

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2019年第4期35卷 596-603页

作者： Fang Xue Xin Wei Junhua Dong Changgang Wang Wei Ke Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Science and Technology of China

The corrosion behavior of low carbon steel in 0.1 M NaHCO_3+ 0.1 M NaCl solution with different dissolved oxygen concentrations was investigated with gravimetric tests and electrochemical measurements.Results show that the corrosion mass loss of steel is remarkably increased with the addition of chloride ion. In the initial stage, the carbon steel tends to active dissolution due to the dissolution effect of chloride ion on the oxide film; as a result, the corrosion potential maintains as low values. With the immersion time going by, the corrosion potential of the steel is promoted as a result of the accumulation of the corrosion products. However, the rust layer is loose and porous due to the deteriorating effect of chloride ion, which decreases the reduction resistance of oxygen. Meanwhile, the porous rust layer could be repaired by the depolarization of oxygen. Under the synergistic effect of chloride ion and oxygen, the corrosion of the steel is accelerated during the repeated process of dissolution and reparation of the oxide film.

关键词： Carbon steel chloride ion Electrochemical measurements Rust characterization Localized corrosion

Occupational exposure to vinyl chloride and liver diseases

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第33期25卷 4885-4891页

作者： Ugo Fedeli Paolo Girardi Giuseppe Mastrangelo Epidemiological Department Azienda ZeroPadova 35131Italy Department of Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular SciencesUniversity of PadovaPadova 35128Italy

Portal hypertension,liver fibrosis,and angiosarcoma of the liver(ASL)have been reported among workers exposed to vinyl chloride monomer(VCM)since the 1970s.In 2007,the International Agency for Research on Cancer established the association of VCM with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),though only on the basis of the few cases available.Thereafter,recent reports from the United States cohort and a European sub-cohort of vinyl chloride workers provided compelling evidence of a strong association between cumulative VCM exposure and HCC risk.Further areas of research include the risk of liver cancer at lower levels of exposure and different patterns of risk of ASL and HCC with the time since exposure.The evidence of interaction between VCM exposure and other known liver carcinogens such as alcohol and chronic viral infection provides clues for the health surveillance of exposed workers.Notably,also the risk of VCM-associated chronic liver disease is modulated by alcohol consumption,viral infection,and genetic polymorphism.A counter-intuitive finding from cohort studies of exposed workers is the lower mortality from liver cirrhosis with respect to the general population;this can be attributed to the healthy worker effect and to the selection of liver cancer as the cause of death in the presence of concomitant chronic liver disease.Studies designed to overcome these intricacies confirmed an association between cumulative VCM exposure and the risk of liver cirrhosis.

关键词： Vinyl chloride Occupational exposure Epidemiology Liver cancer Angiosarcoma Hepatocellular carcinoma Liver cirrhosis

PI3K/Akt pathway is involved in the activation of RAW 264.7 cells induced by hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2020年第3期38卷 834-840页

作者： YANG Yue XING Rong’e LIU Song QIN Yukun LI Kecheng YU Huahua LI Pengcheng Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology Center for Ocean Mega-ScienceInstitute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Qingdao 266237China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

We previously demonstrated that 2-hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan(HACC)promoted the production of nitric oxide(NO)and proinflammatory cytokines by activating the mitogen-activated protein kinases(MAPK)and Janus kinase(JAK)/STAT pathways in RAW 264.7 cells,indicating good immunomodulatory activity of HACC.In this study,to further investigate the immunomodulatory mechanisms of HACC,we determined the roles of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)/Akt,activating protein(AP-1)and nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB)in HACC-induced activation of RAW 264.7 cells by the western blotting.The results suggest that HACC promoted the phosphorylation of p85 and Akt.Furthermore,c-Jun and p65 were also increased after the treatment of RAW 264.7 cells with HACC,indicating the translocation of NF-κB and AP-1 from cytoplasm to nucleus.In addition,as scanning electron microscopy(SEM)analysis shows,the cell morphology changed after HACC treatment.These findings indicate that HACC activated MAPK,JAK/STAT,and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways dependent on AP-1 and NF-κB activation in RAW 264.7 cells,ultimately leading to the increase of NO and cytokines.

关键词： hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan RAW 264.7 cells PI3K/Akt pathway nuclear factor-κB activating protein 1