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Production of β-1,3-glucanase and chitinase.of two biocon-trol agents and their possible modes of action

Chinese Science Bulletin 2002年第4期47卷 292-296页

作者： FAN Qing, TIAN Shiping, LIU Haibo & XU YongInstitute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

Pichia membranefaciens Hansen and Candida guilliermondii (Cast) Langeronet Guerra are two antagonists of R. stolonifer on harvested nectarine and peach fruits. In this study, β-1,3-glucanase and chitinase.activities of the antagonists were induced in vitro and in vivo. The highest β-1, 3-glucanase activity was detected in Lilly-Barnett minimal salt medium supplemented with glucose in combination with CWP of R. stolonifer as a carbon source. The β-1,3-glucanase activity of P. membranefaciens reached the maximum level, being 114.0 SU (specific activity unit), and that of C. guilliermondii reached 103.2 SU. The lowest β-1,3-glucanase activity was observed in the medium containing glucose as sole car-bon source. P. membranefaciens was able to produce signifi-cantly higher levels of chitinase.(exochitinase.and endochiti-nase) in vitro than C. guilliermondii grown in Czapeck mini-mal medium. An increase in β-1,3-glucanase and chitinase.activity was also triggered by wounding, adding of carbon sources

关键词： biological control yeast rhizopus rot β-1 3-glucanase chitinase.

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Towards understanding the ecology and mechanisms of biocontrol of Clonostachys rosea IK726

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浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版) 2004年第4期30卷 397-397页

作者： Mette Lübeck Inge M B Knudsen Birgit Jensen Mojtaba Mamarabadi Dan Funck Jensen Department of Plant Biology Plant Pathology Section The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University Thorvaldsensvej 40 DK-1871 Frederiksberg C. Denmark

Clonostachys rosea (syn. Gliocladium roseum) IK726 was originally selected as an effective biocontrol agent (BCA) against cereal seed borne diseases caused by Fusarium culmorum and Bipolaris sorokiniana. We have studied the efficacy of the antagonist against different pathogens in several crops and found that the antagonist also is able to control Alternaria radicina and A. dauci on carrot seeds and different cold-storage fungi in acorns. IK726 is also able to reduce severity of soil borne Pythium spp. in cabbage, carrot and sugar beet. In addition, growth-promoting effects of IK726 have been demonstrated in barley and tomato. In order to develop and improve application methods and control strategies, essential basic studies of ecology and the mechanisms of control of IK726 is needed and has led us to use various molecular tools. The UP-PCR technology is used for strain recognition and we have developed GUS and GFP-transformants that resembles the wildtype strain in ecological fitness parameters. Using either the GUS-transformant or UP-PCR we have found that IK726, when applied with seeds, reproduces and survives several months in the rhizosphere of field grown barley and carrot. The GFP-transformant is used to study the behavior and in situ interactions of the antagonist with pathogens and plants. Using the GFP marker, we have observed conidial germination, colonization and conidiogenesis in natural soil, in vermiculite and on carrot and barley seed and roots and on barley leaves. Moreover in situ interactions with Alternaria on carrot material have been studied. The modes of action of C. rosea are not well understood but enzymatic activity, mycoparasitism, substrate competition, antibiosis and induced resistance are thought to play a role. Barley treated with C. rosea IK726 has an enhanced chitinolytic and glucanolytic activity compared to the activity in non-treated barley in pot experiments with field soil. Identification of chitinase. from IK726 and studies of

关键词： Gliocladium roseum biocontrol GUS GFP UP-PCR chitinase.

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