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Spectrum of Poisoning and Outcome among Children in a Tertiary Hospital, North-East Nigeria: A 20 Years Restrospective Review, 2000-2019

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2022年第1期12卷 100-124页

作者： Warnow Elon Isaac Jalo Iliya Sani Adamu Daniel Apllos Christianah Oyeniyi Department of Paediatrics College of Medical Sciences Gombe State University Gombe Nigeria Department of Chemical Pathology Gombe State University Gombe Nigeria Department of Paediatrics Federal Teaching Hospital Gombe Nigeria Infectious Diseases Training and Research Group Gombe Nigeria

Introduction: Acute poisoning in children is cause of hospitalization and death worldwide. It is a Paediatrics emergency with significant economic cost. There are epidemiological differences in acute poisonings in children evaluated in Emergency departments across different countries and regions of the world. The aim of this study was to determine the causes of poisoning in children in our health facility during the period 2000-2019. Methodology: Case notes of children 6 months to 18 years managed for acute poisoning from January 2000 to December 2019 at Paediatrics unit, Federal Teaching Hospital Gombe (FTHG), were analysed. The International classification of Disease ICD 10 was used. Ethical Clearance was obtained. Results: 26,716 children were admitted with 76 cases of Acute poisoning giving a prevalence rate of 2.8/1000 children. 56.6% (43) were males. 63.2% (48) of children were years of age. 69.7% (53) were urban dwellers and 59.2% (45) from low socioeconomic class. 52.6% (40) of poisoning occurred in rainy season. 97.3% (74) of children had unintentional poisoning. Organophosphates 22.3% (17) and kerosine 22.3% (17) were the most common substances ingested. Snake-bite and corrosive ingestion occurred in 13.1% and 11.8% of children respectively. Ingestion was the route in 84.2% of cases. 75.0% (57) of poisoning occurred at home. ACP occurred in children aged 1 - 5 years (p-value = 0.025);More in Children from low socioeconomic status (p-value = 0.001) and urban settings (p-value = 0.001). There was no statistically significant relation between type of poisoning and gender p = 0.839, season p = 0.608, religion p = 0.504 and ethnic background p = 0.342. 4.2% (3) children died each from organophosphate, snake bite and tramadol poisoning. Conclusion: Kerosine and organophosphate were the leading cause of accidental childhood poisoning.

关键词： Poisoning Accidental childhood Gombe Nigeria

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Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor as the Second Malignant Neoplasm in a Long-Term Survivor Child of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Case Report

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Chinese Medical Sciences Journal 2020年第2期35卷 186-190页

作者： Aoli Zhang Xiaojuan Chen Zhanqi Li Xiaofan Zhu Department of Pediatric Hematology State Key Laboratory of Experimental HematologyNational Clinical Research Center for Blood DiseasesInstitute of Hematology&Blood Diseases HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjin 300020China Department of Pathology State Key Laboratory of Experimental HematologyNational Clinical Research Center for Blood DiseasesInstitute of Hematology&Blood Diseases HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjin 300020China Department of Hematology the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan 030001China

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL)is a common pediatric cancer.The second malignant neoplasms(SMNs)in long-term survivors of pediatric ALL are relatively rare.Herein we report a 10-year-old girl who was diagnosed as primitive neuroectodermal tumor(PNET)5 years after the initial diagnosis of ALL with radiotherapy・free *** is an exceedingly rare neoplasm in SMNs of survivors of childhood ALL.It is predisposed to be misdiagnosed and the pathogenesis is unclear.The outcome is poor.Long-term follow-up is necessary for the survival children of ALL.

关键词： primitive neuroectodermal tumor second malignant neoplasms childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia

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The Thematic Function of Dream Description in My Platonic Sweetheart

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Journal of Literature and Art Studies 2023年第2期13卷 76-81页

作者： MA Li Wuhan University of Technology WuhanChina

Mark Twain is one of the most famous writers of the nineteenth century,his works have a large number of descriptions of dreams,in Mark Twain’s short story My Platonic Sweetheart,the author describes a dream that constantly repeats itself in his life.The dream description in the novel is not only part of the narrative structure of the article,but also expresses the theme of the article,through the close reading of the text,taking dream description as the starting point,the author of this thesis analyzes the dream description in My Platonic Sweetheart,exploring the thematic role of dream description in the novel,and analyzing what the author wants to express and how the author expresses his spiritual pursuit through dream description.

关键词： dream description signfier and signified adulthood childhood

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Evolution of the Outcomes of Children with Acute Leukemia in Congo

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Open Journal of Blood Diseases 2022年第1期12卷 1-9页

作者： Lydie Ocini Ngolet Simo Josué Luokdom Alexis Fortuné Bolenga Liboko Firmine Olivia Galiba Atipo Tsiba Alexis Elira Dokekias Department of Medical Hematology Teaching Hospital Brazzaville Congo Pharmacy Department University of Mountains Banganté Cameroon Department of Oncology Teaching Hospital Brazzaville Congo

Background: To lower the mori-mortality related to the aggressiveness of acute leukemia’s chemotherapy regimens, we have implemented in 2017 two low toxicity chemotherapy regimens and new supportive care strategies. The aim of the study is to evaluate our new treatments. Materials and Method: A retrospective study was carried out from January 2014 to May 2021 in the hematology department of the teaching hospital in Brazzaville. The study concerned 47 children diagnosed with acute leukemia. Participants were divided into two groups: acute leukemia diagnosed before 2017 (group 1: 23 children) and after 2017 (group 2: 14 children). They were compared using the chi-square. Results: The median age was 10.0 ± 5.01 years. Features and outcomes of group 2 were better. The median duration of symptoms was shorter: 2.45 ± 2.87 months (p = 0.036). The Karnosky score was higher (p = 0.002) and white blood cell count lower (p = 0.331). Both groups started the treatment with a delay of 6 days. The induction treatment was completed in 69.6% before 2017 versus 93.3% after. The rate of relapse was more important for group 1: 85.7% versus 14.3% (p = 0.01). Conclusion: Trainings of professionals have improved the characteristics outcomes of our patients and should be pursued. Considering the high relapse rate, our protocol will need to be intensified.

关键词： childhood Acute Leukemia Outcomes

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Optimal Grip Span for Measuring Maximum Handgrip Strength in Preschool Children

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2022年第11期13卷 479-488页

作者： Takashi Abe Rika Sanui Arisa Sasaki Aki Ishibashi Nanami Daikai Yuka Shindo Akemi Abe Jeremy P. Loenneke Graduate School of Health and Sports Science & Institute of Health and Sports Science and Medicine Juntendo University Inzai-shi Chiba Japan Division of Children’s Health and Exercise Research Institute of Trainology Fukuoka-shi Fukuoka Japan Child Health Research Group Atagohama Kindergarten Fukuoka-shi Fukuoka Japan Department of Health Exercise Science and Recreation Management Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory The University of Mississippi University MS USA

Background: Since the minimum grip span of a standard Smedley hand dynamometer is 4 cm, the handgrip strength (HGS) value at a less than 4 cm grip span has not been reported. Objective: The present study examined the impact of grip span on handgrip strength (HGS) in young children using a dynamometer ranging from 2 to 4.5 cm of grip span. Methods: A total of 93 (39 girls and 54 boys) children were recruited from a local kindergarten with the cooperation of their parents. Each participant performed one test trial and then five maximal trials using different grip spans (2.0, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, and 4.5 cm) in random order and allowing a 1-minute rest between measures. Results: There was a statistically significant difference in HGS depending on which grip span was used, χ2(4) = 211.5 (p Conclusion: Our results recommended that the target grip span for measuring maximal HGS in young children is about 4 cm (4 ± 0.5 cm).

关键词： childhood Grip Span Grip Strength Hand Morphology Reliability

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Patterns of Eye Diseases among Children Visiting Two Tertiary-Level Facilities in Zimbabwe: A Retrospective Records Review (2018-2020) at Sekuru Kaguvi and Richard Morris Eye Hospitals in Harare and Bulawayo

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Open Journal of Ophthalmology 2022年第3期12卷 218-232页

作者： Busisiwe Mzyece Orapeleng Malemane Andrew Chimatira Boniface Macheka Council for the Blind Bulawayo Zimbabwe Ministry of Health and Child Care Harare Zimbabwe Community Medicine Department University of Zimbabwe Harare Zimbabwe Ministry of Health and Child Care Harare Zimbabw

Approximately 19 million children worldwide present with visual impairments resulting from eye diseases and physical causes and, 1.4 million are estimated to be totally blind. Visual impairment among children continues to be a growing public health concern globally with low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) being disproportionately affected. In Zimbabwe, prevalence of blindness, frequency and types of eye conditions children present with are not known. The purpose of this study was to determine the patterns of eye disease among children attending the two tertiary facilities in Zimbabwe (Sekuru Kaguvi, Harare and Richard Morris, Bulawayo) and identifying the major eye conditions that children who attend the Harare and Bulawayo paediatric hospitals present with. A retrospective study design was conducted where hospital records containing patient data about age, gender, visual acuity and clinical diagnosis was retrieved and reviewed. The study had a sample size of 10066 children aged 15 years and below analysed between January 2018 and September 2020. Descriptive statistics were run using Stata statistical software and SPSS version 23. The study was approved by the Medical Research Council of Zimbabwe (MRCZ). Study results showed that the most frequent eye conditions are allergic conjunctivitis, eye injuries, lid pathology and refractive error while the least prevalent eye conditions included retinoblastoma, anterior segment disease and uveitis. The most affected age group was children between 0 to 5 years and 6 to 12 years respectively. Males had higher eye disease frequencies than females. Results show a downward trend in the number of children who present with eye conditions per year under study. In 2018, frequency of eye conditions was 56.1% while in 2019, it was 33% and lastly, 10.9% in 2020.

关键词： Blindness Visual Impairment childhood Visual Acuity

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Spontaneous conception after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation： a case report

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2013年第1期15卷 155-156页

作者： Charlotte Dupont C6cile Bally Florence Eustache Nathalie Sermondade Brigitte Benzacken Pierre Fenaux Rachel L6vy AP-HP Jean Verdier hospital reproductive biology unit-CECOS Paris 13 University Bondy 93140 France paris 13 University Nutritional epidemiology unit (UREN UMR U557 Inserm Ul125 Inra Cnam CRNH IdF) Bobigny 93017 France AP-HP Avicenne hospital Hematology unit Paris 13 University Bobigny 93000 France

Dear Editor, Allogeneic or autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation （HSCT） allows many patients with hematological malignancies to obtain prolonged survival and often disease cure. Autologous HSCT is particularly effective in acute promyelocytic leukemia （APL）, a subtype of acute myeloid leukemia （AML） after relapse with conventional treatment. However, iatrogenic endocrine disturbances and reproductive failure are frequently-encountered late effects, which have a major impact on the quality oflife.l Conditioning regimens with total body irradiation （TBI） and intensive chemotherapy before autologons or allogeneic HSCT are known to cause permanent infertility, a risk that can be prevented by sperm banking.2

关键词： BONE-MARROW-TRANSPLANTATION TOTAL-BODY IRRADIATION PATERNITY SPERMATOGENESIS SPERM CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE childhood SURVIVORS RECOVERY BUSULFAN

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The Psychoanalytic Perspective of the Main Characters in the American TV Series Friends

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Journal of Literature and Art Studies 2023年第3期13卷 210-214页

作者： ZHAO Mao-jin CHANG Sha National University of Defense and Technology ChangshaHunanChina

As a recognized classic of American TV series,“Friends”tells the complex story of friendship,love between six distinctive American young people.Different family backgrounds and childhood experiences presented in TV dramas take account for their difference in traits.Through the theoretical concept of psychoanalytic literature,this article attempts to reveal how the specific influence and manifestation of the family situation and parental behavior have on the character and behavior of the protagonist,as well as to further analyze how the trauma suffered in childhood functions in adult behavior.As adults,their behavior and habits are still constrained and influenced by their childhood experiences.

关键词： psychoanalytical theory childhood family background friends

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Dexamethasone versus Prednisone in childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Treatment: Results of the Indonesian Randomized Trial

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2017年第8期8卷 735-750页

作者： Pudjo H. Widjajanto Eddy Supriyadi Ignatius Purwanto Jacqueline Cloos Peter M. vdVen Sutaryo Anjo JP. Veerman Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Division Department of Pediatrics Sardjito Hospital Medical Faculty Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta Indonesia Pediatric Oncology/Hematology Division Department of Pediatrics VU University Medical Center Amsterdam The Netherlands Department of Hematology VU University Medical Center Amsterdam The Netherlands Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics VU University Medical Center Amsterdam The Netherlands

Background: Randomized trials report that, compared to prednisone, dexamethasone has reduced CNS relapse and improved event-free survival (EFS), despite a trend toward a higher risk for induction death. Because toxic death is a specific problem in the Indonesian setting, this study compares the outcome of dexamethasone versus prednisone. Methods: In the period 2006 - 2011, 196 patients with childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) treated on the Indonesia-ALL-2006 protocol [first standard risk (SR) and later high risk (HR) patients] were randomized to receive dexamethasone or prednisone as steroid. Patients in the dexamethasone arm (n = 102: 68 SR, 34 HR) received dexamethasone 4 mg/m2/day (SR) or 6 mg/m2/day (HR), while the prednisone arm (n = 94: 66 SR, 28 HR) received prednisone 40 mg/m2/day (SR and HR). Results: Patients in the dexamethasone arm showed no significant difference compared to the prednisone arm in abandonment rate (24.5% vs. 25.5%, P = 0.91), death rate (17.7% vs. 14.9%, P = 0.54), or leukemic events (13.7 vs. 11.7%, P = 0.59). After stratification for risk group, a trend towards a higher death rate was found in the dexamethasone arm of SR patients (16.2 vs. 6.1%, P = 0.06). The 3-year survival for EFS in SR and HR patients for dexamethasone versus prednisone was 31.5% ± 6.6% vs. 41.5% ± 5.9% (P = 0.51), for leukemia-free survival (LFS) it was 63.7% ± 9.3% vs. 74.5% ± 7.6% (P = 0.47), and for overall survival (OS) it was 49.5% ± 7.7% vs. 69.3% ± 6.1% (P = 0.09). Conclusions: In our setting, a trend toward higher induction deaths was observed in the dexamethasone arm of SR patients and the 3-year EFS;LFS and OS rates were lower in the dexamethasone group;however, these differences were not significant.

关键词： Dexamethasone versus Prednisone childhood ALL Indonesia

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Access to Child Health Care, Medical Treatment of Sick Children and childhood Mortality Relationships in Kenya

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Health 2014年第11期6卷 1152-1164页

作者： Boniface Omuga K’Oyugi Population Studies and Research Institute University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya

Child health care factors such as medical treatment of sick children have direct and indirect effect on childhood mortality. Through international cooperation, a number of countries including Kenya have gathered information on provision of child health services at facility level from periodic Service Provision Assessment (SPA) surveys. Kenya has also gathered information on medical treatment of sick children at household level from periodic Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS). However, establishing how health care information in the SPA surveys relates to childhood mortality and also how these factors relate to medical treatment of sick children in the DHS has been constrained by differences in sample designs of the surveys. This study deployed a fstrategy of constructing community level variables derived from the SPA survey data and incorporated them into DHS data which served as the main data source. The SPA and DHS sampling designs for Kenya allow computation of stable estimates of regional demographic and health service indicators at provincial level. This study analyzed information gathered from 690 health facilities in 2010 SPA and 6079 births born less than 60 months from 2008/09 DHS. The study found that access to child health services, waiting time before service in facility and time to the nearest referral facility were significant facilitating factors for medical treatment of sick children. The study also established that waiting time before service in facility was the only access to health care factor which had a significant effect on childhood mortality when HIV prevalence was excluded in the analysis. However, the significance of waiting time before service diminished with inclusion of HIV prevalence. Further research is required to refine definition and measurement for child health care variable on female autonomy.

关键词： Access to Child Health Care Medical Treatment childhood Mortality Kenya

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