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childhood obesity, cardiovascular and liver health: a growing epidemic with age

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2020年第5期16卷 438-445页

作者： Maria Felicia Faienza Mariangela Chiarito Emilio Molina-Molina Harshitha Shanmugam Frank Lammert Marcin Krawczyk Gabriele D'Amato Piero Portincasa Section of Pediatrics Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human OncologyUniversity of Bari"Aldo Moro"BariItaly Clinica Medica"A.Murri" Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human OncologyUniversity of Bari"Aldo Moro"BariItaly Department of MedicineⅡ Saarland University Medical CenterSaarland UniversityHomburgGermany Laboratory of Metabolic Liver Diseases Center for Preclinical ResearchDepartment of GeneralTransplant and Liver SurgeryMedical University of WarsawWarsawPoland Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Di Venere HospitalBariItaly

Background The frequency of childhood obesity has increased over the last 3 decades,and the trend constitutes a worrisome epidemic worldwide.With the raising obesity risk,key aspects to consider are accurate body mass index classification,as well as metabolic and cardiovascular,and hepatic consequences.Data sources The authors performed a systematic literature search in PubMed and EMBASE,using selected key words(obesity,childhood,cardiovascular,liver health).In particular,they focused their search on papers evaluating the impact of obesity on cardiovascular and liver health.Results We evaluated the current literature dealing with the impact of excessive body fat accumulation in childhood and across adulthood,as a predisposing factor to cardiovascular and hepatic alterations.We also evaluated the impact of physical and dietary behaviors starting from childhood on cardio-metabolic consequences.Conclusions The epidemic of obesity and obesity-related comorbidities worldwide raises concerns about the impact of early abnormalities during childhood and adolescence.Two key abnormalities in this context include cardiovascular diseases,and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.Appropriate metabolic screenings and associated comorbidities should start as early as possible in obese children and adolescents.Nevertheless,improving dietary intake and increasing physical activity performance are to date the best therapeutic tools in children to weaken the onset of obesity,cardiovascular diseases,and diabetes risk during adulthood.

关键词： Cardiovascular childhood Liver health Obesity

Cytogenetic Characteristics of childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia:A Study of 1541 Chinese Patients Newly Diagnosed between 2001 and 2014

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Current Medical Science 2022年第1期42卷 201-209页

作者： Meng-meng YIN Rui-chi WU Jing GAO Shao-yan HU Xiao-ming LIU Xiao-fan ZHU Shu-hong SHEN Jing-yan TANG Jing CHEN Qun HU Department of Pediatric Hematology Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030China Department of Hematology/Oncology Shanghai Children’s Medical CenterShanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghai 200000China Children’s Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou 215000China State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology National Clinical Research Center for Blood DiseasesInstitute of Hematology&Blood Diseases HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjin 300000China

Objective:Cytogenetic abnormalities have been proven to be the most valuable parameter for risk stratification of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL).However,studies on the prevalence of cytogenetic abnormalities and their correlation to clinical features in Chinese pediatric patients are limited,especially large-scale studies.Methods:We collected the cytogenetics and clinical data of 1541 children newly diagnosed with ALL between 2001 and 2014 in four Chinese hospitals,and retrospectively analyzed their clinical features,prognosis and risk factors associated with pediatric ALL.

关键词： cytogenetics characteristics childhood Chinese acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Impact of adverse childhood experiences on the symptom severity of different mental disorders: a cross-diagnostic study

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General Psychiatry 2022年第2期35卷 127-136页

作者： Wenjie Gu Qing Zhao Chengmei Yuan Zhenghui Yi Min Zhao Zhen Wang Shanghai Mental Health Center Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai China

Background Adverse childhood experiences have a significant impact on different mental disorders.Objective To compare differences in adverse childhood experiences among those with different mental disorders and their relationships in a cross-disorder manner.Methods The study included 1513 individuals aged≥18 years:339 patients with substance use disorders,125 patients with schizophrenia,342 patients with depression,136 patients with bipolar disorder,431 patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD),and 140 healthy controls.The Early Trauma Inventory Self Report-Short Form was used to investigate childhood traumatic experiences,and the Addiction Severity Index,Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale,Hamilton Depression Scale,Young Mania Rating Scale,and Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale were used to assess mental disorder severity.Correlation and multivariate logistic regression were analysed between adverse childhood experiences and clinical features.Results Levels of adverse childhood experiences were significantly different among different mental disorders.Moreover,25.8%of patients with substance use disorders reported childhood trauma,which was significantly higher than found in the other four psychiatric disorder groups.Emotional abuse scores were positively correlated with disease severity:the higher the total trauma score,the more severe the mental disorder.Conclusions Adverse childhood experiences are a common phenomenon in those with mental disorders,and the level of trauma affects mental disorder severity.Emotional abuse is closely related to many mental disorders.The incidence or severity of mental disorders can be reduced in the future by reducing the incidence of adverse childhood experiences or by timely intervention in childhood trauma.

关键词： severity disorders childhood

childhood absence epilepsy and benign epilepsy with centro-temporal spikes: a narrative review analysis

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2017年第2期13卷 106-111页

作者： Alberto Verrotti Renato D'Alonzo Victoria Elisa Rinaldi Sara Casciato Alfredo D'Aniello Giancarlo Di Gennaro Department of Pediatrics University of L'AquilaL'AquilaItaly Department of Paediatrics University of PerugiaPerugiaItaly Department of Neurology and Psychiatry University of Rome'La Sapienza'RomeItaly IRCCS NEUROMED Pozzilli(IS)Italy

Background:Recent studies have shown a possible coexistence of absence seizures with other forms of epilepsy.The purpose of this study was to ascertain the possible contemporary or subsequent presence of childhood absence epilepsy (CAE) and benign epilepsy with centro-temporal spikes (BECTS) in pediatric epileptic patients.Data sources:A PubMed systematic search indexed for MEDLINE,PubMed and EMBASE was undertaken to identify studies in children including articles written between 1996 and 2015.Retrospective studies,meta-analysis and case reports were included.The list of references of all the relevant articles was also studied.The date of our last search was December 2015.Results:Review of the literature revealed 19 cases,8 females and 11 males,reporting a consecutive or contemporary coexistence of CAE and BECTS within the same patients.Patient's age ranged between 4 and 12 years.Three out of 19 patients presented concomitant features of both syndromes,whereas 16 patients experienced the two syndromes at different times.Conclusions:BECTS and CAE may be pathophysiologically related,and the two epileptic phenotypes may indicate a neurobiological continuum.Further studies are needed to elucidate a probable genetic or functional link between partial and primarily generalized electro-clinical patterns in idiopathic childhood epilepsies.

关键词： absence seizures benign epilepsy with centro-temporal spikes childhood abscence epilepsy

childhood chronic gastritis and duodenitis: Role of altered sensory neuromediators

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第37期22卷 8349-8360页

作者： Ali Islek Aygen Yilmaz Gulsum Ozlem Elpek Nuray Erin Department of Pediatric Gastro-enterology Akdeniz University School of Medicine Department of Pathology Akdeniz University School of Medicine Department of Medical Pharmacology Akdeniz University School of Medicine

AIM To investigate the roles of the neuropeptides vasoactive intestinal peptide(VIP), substance P(SP), and calcitonin gene-related peptide(CGRP) in chronic gastritis and duodenitis in children.METHODS Biopsy samples from the gastric and duodenal mucosa of 52 patients and 30 control subjects were obtained. Samples were taken for pathological examination, immunohistochemical staining, enzyme activity measurements and quantitative measurements of tissue peptide levels.RESULTS We observed differential effects of the disease on peptide levels, which were somewhat different from previously reported changes in chronic gastritis in adults. Specifically, SP was increased and CGRP and VIP were decreased in patients with gastritis. The changes were more prominent at sites where gastritis was severe, but significant changes were also observedin neighboring areas where gastritis was less severe. Furthermore, the degree of changes was correlated with the pathological grade of the disease. The expression of CD10, the enzyme primarily involved in SP hydrolysis, was also decreased in patients with duodenitis.CONCLUSION Based on these findings, we propose that decreased levels of VIP and CGRP and increased levels of SP contribute to pathological changes in gastric mucosa. Hence, new treatments targeting these molecules may have therapeutic and preventive effects.

关键词： Gastritis Neuropeptides childhood Neutral endopeptidase

childhood Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Adult Cardiovascular Events

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四川生理科学杂志 2022年第2期44卷 53-53页

作者： David R Jacobs Jr From the Division of Epidemiology and Community Health School of Public Health (D.R.J.) and the Department of Pediatrics University of Minnesota Medical School (A.R.S. J.S.) University of Minnesota Minneapolis the Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (J.G.W. N.Z.) and the Heart Institute (E.M.U.) Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the Department of Pediatrics University of Cincinnati College of Medicine (J.G.W. N.Z. E.M.U.) - both in Cincinnati the Department of Pediatrics University of Colorado School of Medicine and Anschutz Medical Campus Children's Hospital Colorado - both in Aurora (S.R.D.) the Center for Population Health Research (J.I. N.K. C.G.M. O.T.R.) the Research Center of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine (J.I. N.K. C.G.M. O.T.R.) and the Departments of Medicine (M.J. J.S.A.V.) and Mathematics and Statistics (N.K.) University of Turku and the Center for Population Health Research (J.I. N.K. C.G.M. O.T.R.) the Division of Medicine (M.J. J.S.A.V.) and the Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine (O.T.R.) Turku University Hospital Turku and the Department of Clinical Chemistry Fimlab Laboratories and the Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center and the Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology Tampere University Tampere (T.L.) - all in Finland Menzies Institute for Medical Research University of Tasmania Hobart TAS (C.G.M. A.J.V. T.D.) and the Heart Research Group Murdoch Children's Research Institute Melbourne VIC (T.D.) - both in Australia the School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine Tulane University New Orleans (L.A.B.) the Department of Epidemiology College of Public Health University of Iowa Iowa City (T.L.B.) the Division of Public Health Sciences Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston-Salem NC (R.J.P.) and the Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom (T.D.).

Background:childhood cardiovascular risk factors predict subclinical adult cardiovascular disease,but links to clinical events are unclear.Methods:In a prospective cohort study involving participants in the International childhood Cardiovascular Cohorts(i3C)Consortium,we evaluated whether childhood risk factors(at the ages of 3 to 19 years)were associated with cardiovascular events in adulthood after a mean follow-up of 35 years.

关键词： Cardiovascular cardiovascular childhood

Atherosclerosis originating from childhood:Specific features

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Journal of Biomedical Research 2024年第3期38卷 233-240页

作者： Anastasia V.Poznyak Alexey A.Yakovlev MikhailА.Popov Elena B.Zhigmitova Vasily N.Sukhorukov Alexander N.Orekhov Institute for Atherosclerosis Research Moscow 121609Russia Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology Moscow 109240Russia Department of Cardiac Surgery Moscow Regional Research and Clinical InstituteMoscow 129110Russia Laboratory of Angiopathology Institute of General Pathology and PathophysiologyMoscow 125315Russia

Atherosclerosis is extremely widespread.Traditionally,it is considered a disease of older people,who most often experience problems with the heart and blood vessels.While much attention from the scientific community has been paid to studying the association between aging and atherosclerosis,as well as its consequences,there is evidence that atherosclerosis occurs at an early age.Atherosclerosis may form both during intrauterine development and in childhood.Nutrition plays an important role in childhood atherosclerosis,along with previous infectious diseases and excess weight of both the child and the mother.In the present review,we examined the development of atherosclerosis and the prerequisites in childhood.

关键词： atherosclerosis childhood pediatrics cardiovascular disease

Iron supplementation during malaria infection in pregnancy and childhood:A review

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2024年第1期17卷 12-20页

作者： Neha Surela Amrendra Chaudhary Poonam Kataria Jyoti Das National Institute of Malaria Research Sector-8DwarkaNew Delhi-110077India

Malaria presents a significant global public health challenge,with severe malarial anaemia being a primary manifestation of the disease.The understanding of anaemia caused by malaria remains incomplete,making the treatment more complex.Iron is a crucial micronutrient essential for haemoglobin synthesis,oxygen delivery,and other vital metabolic functions in the body.It is indispensable for the growth of human beings,as well as bacteria,protozoa,and viruses in vitro and in vivo.Iron deficiency is among the most common nutritional deficiencies and can have detrimental effects during developmental stages of life.Malaria-induced iron deficiency occurs due to the hemolysis of erythrocytes and the suppression of erythropoiesis,leading to anaemia.Meeting iron requirements is particularly critical during pivotal life stages such as pregnancy,infancy,and childhood.Dietary intake alone may not suffice to meet adequate iron requirements,thus highlighting the vital role of iron supplementation.While iron supplementation can alleviate iron deficiency,it can exacerbate malaria infection by providing additional iron for the parasites.However,in the context of pregnancy and childhood,iron supplementation combined with malaria prevention and treatment has been shown to be beneficial in improving birth outcomes and ensuring proper growth and development,respectively.This review aims to identify the role and impact of iron supplementation in malaria infection during the life stages of pregnancy and childhood.

关键词： Iron supplementation Malaria Pregnancy childhood

The impact of body weight trajectory from childhood on chronic inflammation in adulthood: The Bogalusa Heart Study

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Pediatric Investigation 2021年第1期5卷 21-27页

作者： Yinkun Yan Shengxu Li Yang Liu Lydia Bazzano Jiang He Jie Mi Wei Chen Department of Non-communicable Disease Management Beijing Children’s HospitalCapital Medical UniversityNational Center for Children’s HealthBeijingChina Department of Epidemiology Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical MedicineNew OrleansLAUSA Children's Minnesota Research Institute Children’s Hospitals and Clinics of MinnesotaMinneapolisMNUSA Department of Cardiology The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina

Importance:The impact of long-term burden of excessive body weight,beginning in childhood,on inflammatory status in adulthood has been poorly described.Objective:To characterize the longitudinal body mass index(BMI)trajectory from childhood and examine its relationship with inflammatory status in adulthood.Methods:We included 1285 adults who had 4-15 repeat measurements of BMI from childhood to adulthood.The area under the curve(AUC)of growth curves was calculated to characterize long-term burden(total AUC)and trends(incremental AUC)of BMI.Results:After adjusting for covariates,higher values of BMI in terms of childhood and adulthood,as well as total and incremental AUC,were strongly associated with elevated levels of adult C-reactive protein(CRP)in the four race-sex groups.There were significant differences in linear and nonlinear curve parameters between the normal and high CRP groups for all race-sex groups(Pchildhood and adulthood,participants with high BMI in adulthood had higher CRP levels(Pchildhood BMI status;participants with high BMI in childhood but low BMI in adulthood had similar adult CRP levels.Interpretation:The impact of excessive body weight on inflammation is cumulative and exacerbated over time.The influence of childhood overweight/obesity on inflammatory status in adulthood can be alleviated by reducing adiposity in adulthood.

关键词： Body mass index C-reactive protein childhood Longitudinal study