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Factors in fluencing farmers' participation in crop intensification program in Rwanda

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2017年第6期16卷 1406-1416页

作者： Alphonse Nahayo Morris O.Omondi ZHANG Xu-hui LI Lian-qing PAN Gen-xing Stephen Joseph Institute of Resources Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 P.R. China College of Agriculture Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine University of Rwanda Musanze P. O. Box 210 Rwanda University of New South Wales School of Material Science and Engineering Sydney NSW 2052 Australia

The crop intensification program（CIP）was introduced in Rwanda in 2007 by the Ministry of Agriculture and Animal Resources（MINAGRI）,Rwanda,as a solution to the land fragmentation,low use of agricultural inputs and low access to extension ***,due to the voluntary nature of farmers’participation and their reluctance to participate,this study aimed at assessing the factors that influence their *** were collected from 340 respondents through a household survey in Mayange and Rusarabuye *** statistics and binary logistic regression model were used to analyze the *** show that the factors that significantly influenced the farmers’participation in the CIP include gender,non-farm income,farmland size,farming experience,land acquisition means,market access,trust and agro-ecological *** fact,the non-farm income significantly increased the farmers’decisions to participate in the CIP（P〈0.001）as it eases the financial capital needed to invest in the CIP *** the land acquisition means,the farmers who inherited or bought the land positively and significantly participated in the CIP（P〈0.05）because they had the land tenure ***,the participation in the CIP was hindered by inadequate irrigation and mechanization facilities,lack of farmers’participation in the CIP planning process,inadequate extension services,inadequate agricultural inputs and inadequate post-harvest *** collaboration between farmers,local leaders,extension agents and agricultural service providers as well as the farmers’practical skills in irrigation and mechanization could enhance the participation to the ***,there is a need on the part of policymakers to empower farmers with adequate knowledge on better cropping practices and agricultural technologies through appropriate extension services and bottom-up based program.

关键词： chemical fertilizers crop intensification program extension services improved seeds post-harvest techniques institutional factors socio-economic factors constraints

Combined Applications of Nitrogen and Phosphorus fertilizers with Manure Increase Maize Yield and Nutrient Uptake via Stimulating Root Growth in a Long-Term Experiment

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Pedosphere 2016年第1期26卷 62-73页

作者： WEN Zhihui SHEN Jianbo Martin BLACKWELL LI Haigang ZHAO Bingqiang YUAN Huimin College of Resources and Environmental Sciences China Agricultural University Rothamsted Research North Wyke Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning China Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Imbalanced application of nitrogen(N) and phosphorus(P) fertilizers can result in reduced crop yield,low nutrient use efficiency,and high loss of nutrients and soil nitrate nitrogen(NO_3^--N) accumulation decreases when N is applied with P and/or manure;however,the effect of applications of N with P and/or manure on root growth and distribution in the soil profile is not fully *** aim of this study was to investigate the combined effects of different N and P fertilizer application rates with or without manure on maize(Zea mays L.) yield,N uptake,root growth,apparent N surplus,Olsen-P concentration,and mineral N(N_(min)) accumulation in a fluvo-aquic calcareous soil from a long-term(28-year) *** experiment comprised twelve combinations of chemical N and P fertilizers,either with or without chicken manure,as treatments in four *** yield of maize grain was 82%higher,the N uptake 100%higher,and the N_(min) accumulation 39%lower in the treatments with combined N and P in comparison to N fertilizer *** maize root length density in the 30-60 cm layer was three times greater in the treatments with N and P fertilizers than with N fertilizer *** addition increased maize yield by 50%and N uptake by 43%,and reduced N_(min)(mostly NO_3^--N) accumulation in the soil by 46%.The long-term application of manure and P fertilizer resulted in significant increases in soil Olsen-P concentration when no N fertilizer was *** application reduced the apparent N surplus for all *** results suggest that combined N and P fertilizer applications could enhance maize grain yield and nutrient uptake via stimulating root growth,leading to reduced accumulation of potentially leachable NO_3^--N in soil,and manure application was a practical way to improve degraded soils in China and the rest of the world.

关键词： apparent N surplus degraded soils chemical fertilizers nitrate nitrogen root length density soil mineral N soil Olson-P

Effect of Long-Term Fertilization on Organic Carbon and Nitrogen in a Subtropical Paddy Soil

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Pedosphere 2009年第6期19卷 727-734页

作者： HUANG Qian-Ru HU Feng HUANG Shan LI Hui-Xin YUAN Ying-Hong PAN Gen-Xing ZHANG Wei-Jian College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 (China) Jiangxi Institute of Red Soils Jinxian 331717 (China) Institute of Applied Ecology Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 (China)

A long-term experiment beginning in 1981 in Jinxian County of Jiangxi Province, subtropical China, was conducted in a paddy field under a double rice cropping system with four different fertilization regimes, including 1) no fertilizer as control (CK), 2) balanced chemical N, P, and K fertilizers (NPK), 3) organic manure using milk vetch and pig manure in the early and late rice growing season, respectively (OM), and 4) balanced chemical fertilizers combined with organic manure (NPKM). Samples (0-17 cm) of the paddy field soil, which was derived from Quaternary red clay, were collected after the late rice harvest in November 2003 for determination of total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (TN) and fractions of organic C and N. Results showed that TOC and TN in the NPKM and OM treatments were significantly higher than those in other two treatments (CK and NPK). Application of organic manure with or without chemical fertilizers significantly increased the contents of all fractions of organic C and N, whereas chemical fertilizer application only increased the contents of occluded particulate organic C (oPOC) and amino acid N. In addition, application of organic manure significantly enhanced the proportions of free particulate organic carbon (fPOC) and oPOC in total C, and those of amino sugar N and amino acid N (P chemical fertilizer application only increased the proportions of oPOC and amino acid N (P chemical fertilizers played the most significant role in enhancing soil organic C and N quantity and quality in the paddy field studied.

关键词： chemical fertilizers double rice cropping system organic manure

Organic Amendments with Poultry Manure and Cow Dung Influence the Yield and Status of Nutrient Uptake in Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2022年第7期13卷 994-1005页

作者： Md. Abul Kalam Azad Tazuddin Ahmed Touria El-Jaoual Eaton Md. Mukhtar Hossain Department of Crop Science & Technology Rajshahi University Rajshahi Bangladesh Cooperative Extension and Research Lincoln University of Missouri Jefferson MO USA

The field experiment cultivating wheat during the winter season from November 2014 to March 2015 was conducted in the “North Eastern Barind Tract Soils” at Kushadaha, Nawabganj, Dinajpur in Bangladesh. The wheat variety BARI Gom 26 was selected in focusing to evaluate the effects of organic amendments using poultry manure (PM) and cow dung (CD) on the growth, yield and nutrient uptake by the plant. The texture of the field soil was clay with acidic nature (pH 5.61). The trials comprise three treatments following a randomized complete block design (RCBD) replicated thrice. Results showed that significantly greater plant height, number of tillers per hill and straw yield were 98.10 cm, 3.66 and 5425 kg/ha respectively in receiving the treatment T2 than T3 (95.66 cm, 3.38 and 4483 kg/ha) and T1 (control). Spike length, 1000 grain weight and grain yield were 9.23 cm, 39.81 kg/ha and 3100 kg/ha respectively also higher in T2 treatment than T3 (8.76 cm, 38.51 kg/ha, 3091 kg/ha) with no statistical differences among them. Therefore, the treatment T2 (PM) comprised of poultry manure and NPK exhibited as the best treatment for producing the highest in all growth and yield parameters of wheat. In wheat grain, the content of N, P, K, S, Mg, Zn and B ranged from 1.080% to 1.380% N, 0.390% to 0.398% P, 0.780% to 0.840% K, 0.079% to 0.111% S, 0.181% to 0.187% Mg, 25.56 to 29.77 ppm Zn and 10.12 to 12.54 ppm B. Similarly in straw, nutrients content ranged from 0.220 to 0.300% N, 0.045% to 0.074% P, 0.970% to 1.250% K, 0.152% to 0.191% S, 0.097% to 0.101% Mg, 10.78 to 13.23 ppm Zn and 27.98 to 2989 ppm B. Therefore, organic amendment with 5-ton cow dung (CD) ha-1 with a recommended dose of NPK significantly increased the content of N, S, Mg, Zn and B in the grain and straw of wheat. Alternatively, the poultry manure treatment with NPK significantly increased the content of P and K in the grain and straw of

关键词： Wheat Cultivation Poultry Manure Cow Dung chemical fertilizers Micronutrients Straw and Grain Yield