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Combined application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer alleviates the kernel position effect in summer maize by promoting post-silking nitrogen uptake and dry matter accumulation

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第4期23卷 1179-1194页

作者： Lichao Zhai Lihua Zhang Yongzeng Cui Lifang Zhai Mengjing Zheng Yanrong Yao Jingting Zhang Wanbin Hou Liyong Wu Xiuling Jia Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation Physiology and Green Production of Hebei ProvinceShijiazhuang 050035China Hebei Science and Technology Innovation Service Center Shijiazhuang 050051China Yongnian Agricultural Technology Extension Center Handan 057150China Ningjin Agricultural Technology Extension Center Xingtai 055550China

Adjusting agronomic measures to alleviate the kernel position effect in maize is important for ensuring high yields.In order to clarify whether the combined application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer(CAOFCF)can alleviate the kernel position effect of summer maize,field experiments were conducted during the 2019 and 2020 growing seasons,and five treatments were assessed:CF,100%chemical fertilizer;OFCF1,15%organic fertilizer+85%chemical fertilizer;OFCF2,30%organic fertilizer+70%chemical fertilizer;OFCF3,45%organic fertilizer+55%chemical fertilizer;and OFCF4,60%organic fertilizer+40%chemical fertilizer.Compared with the CF treatment,the OFCF1 and OFCF2 treatments significantly alleviated the kernel position effect by increasing the weight ratio of inferior kernels to superior kernels and reducing the weight gap between the superior and inferior kernels.These effects were largely due to the improved filling and starch accumulation of inferior kernels.However,there were no obvious differences in the kernel position effect among plants treated with CF,OFCF3,or OFCF4 in most cases.Leaf area indexes,post-silking photosynthetic rates,and net assimilation rates were higher in plants treated with OFCF1 or OFCF2 than in those treated with CF,reflecting an enhanced photosynthetic capacity and improved postsilking dry matter accumulation(DMA)in the plants treated with OFCF1 or OFCF2.Compared with the CF treatment,the OFCF1 and OFCF2 treatments increased post-silking N uptake by 66.3 and 75.5%,respectively,which was the major factor driving post-silking photosynthetic capacity and DMA.Moreover,the increases in root DMA and zeatin riboside content observed following the OFCF1 and OFCF2 treatments resulted in reduced root senescence,which is associated with an increased post-silking N uptake.Analyses showed that post-silking N uptake,DMA,and grain yield in summer maize were negatively correlated with the kernel position effect.In conclusion,the combined application of 15-30%organic fertilizer and 70-85%chemical fer

关键词： chemical fertilizer dry mater accumulation kernel position effect N uptake organic fertilizer

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Partial organic substitution weakens the negative effect of chemical fertilizer on soil micro-food webs

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2022年第10期21卷 3037-3050页

作者： LIU Han-wen ZHANG Xiao-ke ZHANG Gui-zong KOU Xin-chang LIANG Wen-ju Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016P.R.China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049P.R.China School of Geographical Science Northeast Normal UniversityChangchun 130024P.R.China

Soil biotic communities play vital roles in enhancing soil nutrient cycling and soil fertility.Long-term excessive nitrogen(N)application is disadvantageous to the stability of soil food webs and affects arable soil health and sustainable utilization.Proper organic substitution is essential to improve soil health and alleviate the disadvantages of excessive chemical fertilization.However,the biological effects of various organic amendments on soil micro-food webs are poorly understood.In order to explore the effects of various organic amendments including stover,biochar and manure on soil micro-food webs(microbial and nematode communities),a field plot experiment with maize having five treatments viz.,100%urea(100%N),70%urea(70%N),70%urea plus stover(Stover),70%urea plus cattle manure(Manure)and 70%urea plus biochar(Biochar)was conducted.Manure treatment increased the carbon(C)to N use efficiency of soil microbes,which contributed to the retention of soil C,while Biochar treatment elevated soil organic C(SOC)and soil p H.Additionally,Biochar treatment mitigated the negative effects of soil acidification on the soil micro-food web and reduced the abundance of plant parasites.Overall,the biological effect of organic amendments was distinguished from chemical fertilization(100%N and 70%N)through principal co-ordinates analysis.Negative relationships among soil properties,microbial and nematode biomass in the 100%N treatment were diminished in treatments where chemical fertilizer was reduced.The bottom-up effects on soil food webs were observed in organic substitution treatments.In conclusion,organic amendments improved soil fertility by regulating soil microbial and nematode communities in the cropland ecosystem,alleviated the negative effects of chemical fertilizer on the micro-food webs and controlled the trophic cascades among soil biota.

关键词： microbial community nematode community soil micro-food webs organic substitution chemical fertilizer soil health

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Carbon sequestration rate,nitrogen use efficiency and rice yield responses to long-term substitution of chemical fertilizer by organic manure in a rice–rice cropping system

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农业科学学报:英文版 2023年第9期22卷 2848-2864页

作者： Nafiu Garba HAYATU LIU Yi-ren HAN Tian-fu Nano Alemu DABA ZHANG Lu SHEN Zhe LI Ji-wen Haliru MUAZU Sobhi Faid LAMLOM ZHANG Hui-min National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081P.R.China Soil and fertilizer&Resource and Environment Institute Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanchang 330200P.R.China Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Engineering Faculty of AgricultureUsmanu Danfodiyo UniversitySokoto 2346Nigeria Plant Production Department Faculty of Agriculture Saba BashaAlexandria UniversityAlexandria 21531Egypt

Combined application of chemical fertilizers with organic amendments was recommended as a strategy for improving yield,soil carbon storage,and nutrient use efficiency.However,how the long-term substitution of chemical fertilizer with organic manure affects rice yield,carbon sequestration rate(CSR),and nitrogen use efficiency(NUE)while ensuring environmental safety remains unclear.This study assessed the long-term effect of substituting chemical fertilizer with organic manure on rice yield,CSR,and NUE.It also determined the optimum substitution ratio in the acidic soil of southern China.The treatments were:(i)NPK0,unfertilized control;(ii)NPK1,100%chemical nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium fertilizer;(iii)NPKM1,70%chemical NPK fertilizer and 30%organic manure;(iv)NPKM2,50%chemical NPK fertilizer and 50%organic manure;and(v)NPKM3,30%chemical NPK fertilizer and 70%organic manure.Milk vetch and pig manure were sources of manure for early and late rice seasons,respectively.The result showed that SOC content was higher in NPKM1,NPKM2,and NPKM3 treatments than in NPK0 and NPK1 treatments.The carbon sequestration rate increased by 140,160,and 280%under NPKM1,NPKM2,and NPKM3 treatments,respectively,compared to NPK1 treatment.Grain yield was 86.1,93.1,93.6,and 96.5%higher under NPK1,NPKM1,NPKM2,and NPKM3 treatments,respectively,compared to NPK0 treatment.The NUE in NPKM1,NPKM2,and NPKM3 treatments was higher as compared to NPK1 treatment for both rice seasons.Redundancy analysis revealed close positive relationships of CSR with C input,total N,soil C:N ratio,catalase,and humic acids,whereas NUE was closely related to grain yield,grain N content,and phenol oxidase.Furthermore,CSR and NUE negatively correlated with humin acid and soil C:P and N:P ratios.The technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution(TOPSIS)showed that NPKM3 treatment was the optimum strategy for improving CSR and NUE.Therefore,substituting 70%of chemical fertilizer with organic manure could be the best management option for increasing

关键词： carbon sequestration chemical fertilizer long term organic manure nitrogen use efficiency paddy rice

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Impacts of chemical fertilizer reduction and organic amendments supplementation on soil nutrient,enzyme activity and heavy metal content

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2017年第8期16卷 1819-1831页

作者： NING Chuan-chuan GAO Peng-dong WANG Bing-qing LIN Wei-peng JIANG Ni-hao CAI Kun-zheng Key Laboratory of Tropical Agro-environment Ministry of Agriculture/South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou 510642P.R.China

Excessive use of agro-chemicals （such as mineral fertilizers） poses potential risks to soil quality. Application of organic amendments and reduction of inorganic fertilizer are economically feasible and environmentally sound approaches to de- velop sustainable agriculture. This study investigated and evaluated the effects of mineral fertilizer reduction and partial substitution of organic amendment on soil fertility and heavy metal content in a 10-season continually planted vegetable field during 2009-2012. The experiment included four treatments： 100% chemical fertilizer （CF100）, 80% chemical fertilizer （CF80）, 60% chemical fertilizer and 20% organic fertilizer （CF60＋OM20）, and 40% chemical fertilizer and 40% organic fertilizer （CF40＋OM40）. Soil nutrients, enzyme activity and heavy metal content were determined. The results showed that single chemical fertilizer reduction （CF80） had no significant effect on soil organic matter content, soil catalase activity and soil heavy metal content, but slightly reduced soil available N, P, K, and soil urease activity, and significantly reduced soil acid phosphatase activity. Compared with CF100, 40 or 60% reduction of chemical fertilizer supplemented with organic fertilizer （CF60＋OM20, CF40＋OM40） significantly increased soil organic matter, soil catalase activity and urease activity especially in last several seasons, but reduced soil available P, K, and soil acid phosphatase activity. In addition, continu- ous application of organic fertilizer resulted in higher accumulation of Zn, Cd, and Cr in soil in the late stage of experiment, which may induce adverse effects on soil health and food safety.

关键词： chemical fertilizer organic amendments soil fertility vegetable soil health heavy metal

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Environmental Effect of chemical fertilizer Adding Different Inhibitors under Open Field Conditions

Environmental Effect of Chemical Fertilizer Adding Different...

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2012年环境污染与大众健康学术会议

作者： Yan Gao, Lusheng Zeng, Junliang Li College of resource and environment Qingdao Agricultural University Qingdao, 266109 China

chemical fertilizer adding urease/nitrification inhibitors can improve utilization rate of fertilizer and protect ecological environment. The environmental effect of different kinds and content of inhibitors adding in chemical fertilizer under peanut growing conditions in brown soil were studied in this paper. The results indicated that compared with CK, urease inhibitor increased soil available nitrogen by 7.0%5.0% and nitrification inhibitor increased soil available phosphorus by 6.4%5.3%. In the meantime, urease activity and catalase activity increased by5%5% and 10%0%, respectively. No soil acidification and salinization were observed in the experiment. The test also demonstrated chemical fertilizer adding different inhibitors increased the yield of peanut by 2.06%1.65%. Among which, 0.15% 3,5-Dimethyprazole (DMP) deserved to be promoted in the practice.

关键词： Inhibitor environmental effect chemical fertilizer peanut yield

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Piezoelectric atomizer in aeroponic systems:A study of some fluid properties and optimization of operational parameters

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2023年第4期10卷 564-580页

作者： Amir Hossein Mirzabe Ali Hajiahmad Ali Fadavi Shahin Rafiee Department of Mechanics of Biosystem Engineering Faculty of Engineering&TechnologyCollege of Agriculture&Natural ResourcesUniversity of TehranKaraj ***Iran Department of Food Technology College of AburaihanUniversity of TehranTehran ***Iran

The piezoelectric method to atomize fluids in aeroponic systems is known as a new application.In the current study,the effects of four independent variables on the misting rate were investigated.These variables were Dosage of chemical fertilizer(DCF),the Height of Solution above Piezoelectric Ceramic(HSPC),Piezoelectric Location at the Bottom of the Container(PLBC),and the Container Geometry(CG).Physical properties such as fluid density,viscosity,surface tension,Total Dissolved Solids(TDS),and Electrical Conductivity(EC)of the solutions were measured.Moreover,optimization was performed to determine suitable ranges of independent variables to get the optimum value of the misting rate.Results showed that the HSPC,PLBC,and CG significantly affect the total misting rate(Pfertilizer,the density,viscosity,surface tension,TDS,and EC varied between 1002-1006.5 kg/m^(3),1.009-1.395 mPas,0.07182-0.07298 N/m,253-3397 mg/L,502-6795 mS/cm,respectively.Total misting rate ranged between 0.499 and 5.720 g/min.In the outlet of the mist generation container,mass flow rate was in the range of 59.895 to 65.116 g/min.Also,theoretically calculated mist average droplet size was in the range of 2.90 to 2.92 mm for different fertilizer doses.The present study is the first research on the factors affecting the ultrasonic mist production rate in an aeroponic system.For future developments,effect of voltage,frequency,and using horn should be investigated.Besides,similar research should be done in the field of gas-phase bioreactors(mist bioreactors).

关键词： chemical fertilizer Ultrasonic Misting rate Viscosity Surface tension Surface evaporation

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Fertilization practices affect biological nitrogen fixation by modulating diazotrophic communities in an acidic soil in southern China

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Pedosphere 2023年第2期33卷 301-311页

作者： Long GUO Chao WANG Manman ZHENG Wenxing LI Zejiang CAI Boren WANG Juan CHEN Ren Fang SHEN State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008(China) University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049(China) Qiyang Red Soil Experimental Station Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesQiyang 426182(China) Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education Hohai UniversityNanjing 210098(China)

Biological nitrogen(N)fixation(BNF)driven by diazotrophs is an important pathway for N input in agricultural ecosystems.However,free-living BNF and its associated diazotrophic communities under different fertilization practices in acidic soils are poorly studied.Here,we conducted a long-term(29 years)fertilization experiment to explore how fertilization affected free-living BNF via changing biotic and abiotic variables.The fertilization treatments included an unfertilized control(CK),chemical N,phosphorus(P),and potassium(K)fertilizers(NPK),NPK plus lime(NPKL),NPK plus straw(NPKS),NPK plus straw and lime(NPKSL),and NPK plus manure(NPKM).Compared with CK(1.51 nmol C_(2)H_(2)g^(-1)d^(-1)),BNF rate was significantly(Pchemical fertilization treatments without manure reduced the gene abundance(0.71×10^(8)-1.18×10^(8)copies g^(-1))andα-diversity(Shannon index,1.11-2.43)of diazotrophic communities,whereas the treatment with manure had a positive effect on diazotrophic abundance(3.23×10^(8)copies g^(-1))and Shannon index(3.36).Non-parametric multivariate analysis of variance(PERMANOVA)suggested that manure application(R^(2)=0.212,P=0.001)had a stronger influence on diazotrophic community composition than the addition of lime(R^(2)=0.115,P=0.019)or straw(R^(2)=0.064,P=0.161).Random forest modeling revealed that BNF rates can be significantly(P<0.05)explained by soil pH(9.9%),diazotrophic community attributes(composition,8.5%;Chao 1 index,8.1%;abundance,6.0%;Shannon index,5.7%),and soil total carbon(5.1%).Partial least squares path modeling(PLS-PM)suggested that the diazotrophic community attributes and soil properties mainly provided direct and indirect contributions to the variations in BNF rates,respectively.The dominant genera,Pelomonas,Azospirillum,and Dechloromonas,were positively associated with BNF rates,with their members

关键词： chemical fertilizer community composition free-living N fixation long-term fertilization practices manure application soil pH

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Effects of different continuous fertilizer managements on soil total nitrogen stocks in China: A meta-analysis

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Pedosphere 2022年第1期32卷 39-48页

作者： Pengfei DANG Congfeng LI Tiantian HUANG Chen LU Yajun LI Xiaoliang QIN Kadambot H.M.SIDDIQUE College of Agronomy Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China Institute of Crop Science Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and EcologyMinistry of AgricultureBeijing 100081China Institute of Agriculture and School of Agriculture&Environment The University of Western AustraliaPerth WA 6001Australia

Soil total nitrogen is critical for crop productivity and related to agricultural managements. However, the effects of different fertilizer applications on soil total nitrogen storage are not well understood. To quantify soil total nitrogen storage under different fertilizer management practices and explore the effects of climate, soil texture, experimental duration, and cropping system on soil total nitrogen storage in China, we conducted a meta-analysis of 67 fertilizer management strategies from experiments conducted over a period of at least three years. This meta-analysis included 854 observations of changes in soil total nitrogen stock(TNS) under no fertilizer application(control, CK), chemical fertilization with nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium(CF), CF plus straw retention(CFS), and CF plus manure addition(CFM) relative to initial soil TNS. The CFM and CFS treatments increased soil TNS, and the CFM treatments increased soil C/N ratio the most. The longer the experimental duration, the greater the increase in soil TNS in the CF, CFS, and CFM treatments.Soil texture and crop type significantly affected the changes in soil TNS. The experimental duration, initial soil TNS, soil C/N ratio, and cropping system had significant linear correlations with the change in soil TNS. Temperature and precipitation were not correlated with soil TNS. Results of random forest modeling indicated that the most important factor affecting changes in soil TNS was experimental duration(positive correlation), followed by initial soil TNS(negative correlation). The CFM treatments had the largest increase in soil TNS under various conditions. We recommend promoting CFM to improve soil fertility in farmlands globally.

关键词： chemical fertilizer climate change cropping systems manure soil fertility straw retention

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Evaluating the Effects of Sustainable chemical and Organic fertilizers with Water Saving Practice on Corn Production and Soil Characteristics

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2023年第5期92卷 1349-1360页

作者： Xuejun Zhang Muhammad Amjad Bashir Qurat-Ul-Ain Raza Xiaotong Liu Jianhang Luo Ying Zhao Qiuliang Lei Hafiz Muhammad Ali Raza Abdur Rehim Yucong Geng Hongbin Liu Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesYinchuan750002China Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology Bahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultan60800Pakistan University of Layyah Layyah31200Pakistan Key Laboratory of Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Ministry of AgricultureInstitute of Agricultural Resources and Regional PlanningChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS)Beijing100081China

The rapidly growing world population,water shortage,and food security are promising problems for sustainable agriculture.Farmers adopt higher irrigation and fertilizer applications to increase crop production resulting in environmental pollution.This study aimed to identify the long-term effects of intelligent water and fertilizers used in corn yield and soil nutrient status.A series of field experiments were conducted for six years with treatments as:farmer accustomed to fertilization used as control(CON),fertilizer decrement(KF),fertilizer decrement+watersaving irrigation(BMP1);combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizer+water-saving irrigation(BMP2),and combined application of controlled-release fertilizer(BMP3).A significant improvement was observed in soil organic matter(14.9%),nitrate nitrogen(106.7%),total phosphorus(23.9%),available phosphorus(26.2%),straw yield(44.8%),and grain yield(54.7%)with BMP2 treatment as compared to CON.The study concludes that integrating chemical and organic fertilizers with water-saving irrigation(BMP2)is a good approach to increasing corn productivity,ensuring water safety and improving soil health.The limitations of the current study include the identification of fertilizer type and its optimum dose,irrigation water type,and geographical position.

关键词： chemical fertilizer soil quality sustainable agriculture water management

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Mercury in some chemical fertilizers and the effect of calcium superphosphate on mercury uptake by corn seedlings (Zea mays L.)

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2010年第8期22卷 1184-1188页

作者： Xiulan Zhao College of Resources and Environment Southwest University Chongqing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment Chongqing 400716 China Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region Ministry of Education Chongqing 400715 China

Mercury （Hg） contents in ten chemical fertilizers were determined, and the effect of calcium superphosphate （CSP） on the uptake and translocation of Hg in corn seedlings was investigated by pot experiments. CSP was applied at the levels of 0, 66.7, and 133.4 mg P2O5/kg to Hg-treated （2 mg/kg） and untreated soils. CSP had the highest Hg content （5.1 mg/kg）, followed by the NPK compound fertilizer 15-5-5 （15% N, 5% P2O5, 5% K2O）（1.2 mg/kg）, then by nitrogen fertilizers （except for ammonia sulfate） and potassium fertilizers. Application of CSP did not obviously iuence the biomass of corn roots, but it significantly increased the biomass of corn shoots in Hg-treated soil. Application of CSP at the levels of 66.7 and 133.4 mg P2O5/kg did not obviously iuence the uptake of Hg by corn seedlings on soils without Hg treatment, but it decreased the Hg uptake of corn seedlings significantly on Hg-treated soils. The transfer coefficient of Hg in corn seedlings improved slightly on soils without Hg treatment, but decreased slightly on Hg-treated soils with the application of CSP. These results implied that CSP could ameliorate Hg toxicity to corn seedlings by inhibiting the uptake and the translocation of Hg in plants on Hg-polluted soils.

关键词： Hg uptake chemical fertilizer transfer coefficient calcium superphosphate

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