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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2024年第3期66卷 468-483页

作者： Shuanghe Cao Bingyan Liu Daowen Wang Awais Rasheed Lina Xie Xianchun Xia Zhonghu He State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding/National Wheat Improvement Center Institute of Crop SciencesBeijing 100081China College of Agronomy Henan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou 450002China International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center(CIMMYT)China Office Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China

Achieving high yield and good quality in crops is essential for human food security and health.However,there is usually disharmony between yield and quality.Seed storage protein(SSP)and starch,the predominant components in cereal grains,determine yield and quality,and their coupled synthesis causes a yield–quality trade-off.Therefore,dissection of the underlying regulatory mechanism facilitates simultaneous improvement of yield and quality.Here,we summarize current findings about the synergistic molecular machinery underpinning SSP and starch synthesis in the leading staple cereal crops,including maize,rice and wheat.We further evaluate the functional conservation and differentiation of key regulators and specify feasible research approaches to identify additional regulators and expand insights.We also present major strategies to leverage resultant information for simultaneous improvement of yield and quality by molecular breeding.Finally,future perspectives on major challenges are proposed.

关键词： cereal crops grain yield and quality seed storage protein starch synergistic regulation

Water stress resilient cereal crops:Lessons from wild relatives

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2022年第2期64卷 412-430页

作者： Justine M.Toulotte Chrysoula K.Pantazopoulou Maria Angelica Sanclemente Laurentius A.C.JVoesenek Rashmi Sasidharan Department of Biology Plant EcophysiologyInstitute of Environmental BiologyUtrecht UniversityUtrecht3584 CH The Netherlands

cereal crops are significant contributors to global diets.As climate change disrupts weather patterns and wreaks havoc on crops,the need for generating stress-resilient,high-yielding varieties is more urgent than ever.One extremely promising avenue in this regard is to exploit the tremendous genetic diversity expressed by the wild ancestors of current day crop species.These crop wild relatives thrive in a range of environments and accordingly often harbor an array of traits that allow them to do so.The identification and introgression of these traits into our staple cereal crops can lessen yield losses in stressful environments.In the last decades,a surge in extreme drought and flooding events have severely impacted cereal crop production.Climate models predict a persistence of this trend,thus reinforcing the need for research on water stress resilience.Here we review:(i)how water stress(drought and flooding)impacts crop performance;and(ii)how identification of tolerance traits and mechanisms from wild relatives of the main cereal crops,that is,rice,maize,wheat,and barley,can lead to improved survival and sustained yields in these crops under water stress conditions.

关键词： abiotic stress cereal crops climate change crop wild relatives drought flooding grass water stress

Monitoring the Expression Profiles of cereal crops Seedlings by Using Rice cDNA Microarray

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Rice science 2004年第3期11卷 75-80页

作者： SUNLiang-xian DONGHai-tao LIDe-bao InstituteofBiotechnology ZhejiangUniversityHangzhou310029China

Through exploiting the high homology of cereal crop genes, membranous cDNA microarrays containing 3 311 unique rice transcripts (including 1 639 endosperm-derived transcripts and 1 672 mature stem-derived transcripts) were used for monitoring the expression profiles of 1-leaf stage seedlings of 4 cereal crop species: rice, maize, sorghum and barley. After hybridizing with [α-33P| labeled probes, 73.6 % of the arrayed genes generated reliable signals in all of the four cercal crops. Further analysis revealed that among the arrayed genes, a higher percentage of the endosperm-derived transcripts (86.6 %) expressed than that of the mature stem-derived genes (60.9 %), indicating that most of the endosperm expressed genes functioned in young seedlings while considerable amount of mature stem tissue expressed genes did not express. These results also inferred that some genes might function only at certain developmental stages. By comparing the obtained profiles, 84 genes were identified constantly expressed in all me four cereal crops. Many housekeeping genes, such as polyubiquitin, ubiquitin conjugating enzyme and ribosomal proteins were included in this catalogue. The experiment also identified 14 rice seedling specifically expressed genes, including 3 biotic and abiotic stress induced genes and 1 apoptosis suppressor encoding gene Bax inhibitor-1. This investigation provided invaluable information for comparative genomics of gramineae members.

关键词： rice cereal crops cDNA microarray expression profile

Light Regulation of Stomatal Development and Patterning: Shifting the Paradigm from Arabidopsis to Grasses

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Plant Communications 2020年第2期1卷 25-33页

作者： Hongbin Wei Dexin Kong Juan Yang Haiyang Wang State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou 510642China Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture Guangzhou 510642China

The stomatal pores of plant leaves control gas exchange with the environment.Stomatal development is prevised regulated by both internal genetic programs and environmental cues.Among various environmental factors,light regulation of stomata formation has been extensively studied in Arabidopsis.In this review,we summarize recent advances in the genetic control of stomata development and its regulation by light.We also present a comparative analysis of the conserved and diverged stomatal regulatory networks between Arabidopsis and cereal grasses.Lastly,we provide our perspectives on manipulation of the stomata density on plant leaves for the purpose of breeding crops that are better adapted to the adverse environment and high-density planting conditions.

关键词： stomatal development spacing patterns light signaling Arabidopsis cereal crops

Genome editing in grass plants

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aBIOTECH 2020年第1期1卷 41-57页

作者： Si Nian Char Bing Yang Division of Plant Sciences University of MissouriColumbiaMO 65211USA Donald Danforth Plant Science Center St.LouisMO 63132USA

cereal crops including maize,rice,wheat,sorghum,barley,millet,oats and rye are the major calorie sources in our daily life and also important bioenergy sources of the world.The rapidly advancing and state-of-the-art genome-editing tools such as zinc finger nucleases,TAL effector nucleases,and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated systems(CRISPR-Cas9-,CRISPR-Cas12a-and CRISPR/Cas-derived base editors)have accelerated the functional genomics and have promising potential for precision breeding of grass crops.With the availability of annotated genomes of the major cereal crops,application of these established genome-editing toolkits to grass plants holds promise to increase the nutritional value and productivity.Furthermore,these easy-to-use and robust genome-editing toolkits have advanced the reverse genetics for discovery of novel gene functions in crop plants.In this review,we document some of important progress in development and utilization of genome-editing tool sets in grass plants.We also highlight present and future uses of genome-editing toolkits that can sustain and improve the quality of cereal grain for food consumption.

关键词： Genome editing cereal crops ZFNs TALENs CRISPR/Cas9 CRISPR/Cas12a Base editor

Wheat streak mosaic virus： incidence in field crops, potential reservoir within grass species and uptake in winter wheat cultivars

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2017年第3期16卷 523-531页

作者： Jana Chalupniková Jiban Kumar Kundu Khushwant Singh Pavla Bartaková Eva Beoni Division of Crop Protection and Plant Health Crop Research Institute Prague 16106 Czech Republic Department of Experimental Plant Biology Faculty of Science Charles University in Prague Prague 12843 Czech Republic

Wheat streak mosaic virus（WSMV）has become a re-emerging pathogen in cereal crops in the Czech Republic.WSMV was first reported in the former Czechoslovakia in the early 1980s,and then no record of the virus was documented until 2009.The incidence of the virus was recorded in recent years in several winter wheat fields and many grass species.Here,we surveyed the incidence of WSMV in cereal crops.The results demonstrated the existence of the virus in winter wheat and volunteer wheat during each year of the monitoring period,which spanned from 2013–2016.Although the range of infected samples was low（6.4%of the total tested samples）,a high incidence of well-distributed virus was recorded.In at least six fields,the virus reached severe and potentially epidemic levels.In accordance with our previous report detailing WSMV infection of native grasses,we tested several grass species commonly grown in the Czech Republic.We found that some grass species acted as experimental hosts and possible reservoirs of the virus;these included Anthoxanthum odoratum（sweet vernal grass）,Arrhenatherum elatius（false oat-grass）,Lolium multiflorum（Italian rye-grass）,Bromus japonicus（Japanese chess）,Echinochloa crus-galli（barnyard grass）,Holcus lanatus（meadow soft grass）and Holcus mollis（creeping soft grass）.Some of these grass species are also important weeds of cereals,which may be the potential source of WSMV infection in cereal crops.Several widely used winter wheat cultivars were tested in the field after artificial inoculation with WSMV to evaluate virus titre by RT-qPCR.Overall,the tested cultivars had a low virus titre,which is associated with mild disease symptoms and may provide a good level of crop resistance to WSMV.

关键词： WSMV survey grass species cereal crops

Physiological and Morphological Responses of Susceptible and Resistant Barleys to Bird Cherry-Oat Aphid Feeding

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美国植物学期刊(英文) 2023年第10期14卷 1115-1129页

作者： Rafael Hayashida John Scott Armstrong William Wyatt Hoback Dolores Mornhinweg Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology Oklahoma State University Stillwater OK USA United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Peanut and Cereal Crops Research Unit Stillwater OK USA

The bird cherry-oat aphid (Rhopalosiphum padi [Linnaeus, 1758]) is considered a key pest of cereal crops worldwide, causing direct damage through sap feeding and by acting as a vector for viral diseases. Managing aphids is challenging because of their biology and potential resistance to insecticides. Developing resistant barley genotypes is a sustainable strategy for managing BCOA. In this study, we assessed responses of susceptible “Morex” and resistant “BCO R001” barley, Hordeum vulgare L. genotypes to different initial BCOA densities (0, 50, 100 or 200 aphids.plant-1). Physiological and morphological parameters were measured weekly for four weeks after infestation. Chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, plant aerial fresh and dry weight were greater for the resistant cultivar at lower aphid abundances and up to three weeks after infestation. Carbon assimilation curves (A/Ci) of infested “BCO R001” were similar to controls 15 days post infestation, differing from Morex. However, BCOA infestation of 50 aphid.plant-1 for two weeks negatively impacted the fitness of both genotypes. Initial resistance by BCO R001 to BCOA infestation can allow growers and natural enemies more time contributing to more effective and sustainable management of BCOA infestations.

关键词： Plant Tolerance Hemiptera Piercing-Sucking Injury cereal crops

THE ESSENTIAL NATURE OF ORGANS IN GRAMINEAE, MULTIPLE SECONDARY AXES THEORY--A NEW CONCEPT

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四川农业大学学报 1992年第4期 544-565页

作者： Chi Yen and Junliang Yang (Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Dujiangyan City, Sichuan, China, Zip Code 611830)

Results of extensive comparative studies of opposite supernumerary spikelets in wheat suggest that leaf in the Gramineae arises from specialization of axial apex through expansion, planation and split to meet the need of photosynthesis. The specialized apex loses its ability of growth. Secondary growth point originating at the bottom of stelar cavity of expanded splitted axis becomes secondary segemental axis and, in turn. develops into secondary foliar organ. New segmental axes arise in this way forming shoot apex. The first segmental axis develops downward into root. Lateral roots originate at the outer stelar secondary growth points. According to comparative morphology of hooded-awn in barley, foliar leaf in the Gramineae is multiphyll originating from secondary segmental axes. Leaf blade is equal to internode, constriction to node, and leaf sheath results from longitudinal periclinal fusion of leaves. Node in the Gramineae is a special compound aggregated by many. Since all these facts are contrary to both telome and phyton theories, a multiple secondary axes theory is proposed to explain the fundamental nature of organs in higher plant including the Gramineae.

关键词： Wheat: Leaf cereal crops Organgensis