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江苏省遗传学会2013年学术研讨会

作者： ZHANG Mingliang XUE Chao LIU Xiuxiu ZHOU Yong YU Hengxiu GU Minghong GONG Zhiyun Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of Ministry of Education Yangzhou University

The centromere is an important element of the plant chromosome, and is where the kinetochore forms and microtubules attach during cell division. For the accurate division of genetic material, each chromosome contains a single centromeric DNA region where the centromere and kinetochore are assembled. T0135 is a variant selected from the progeny of a rice line telotrisomic for the short arm of chromosome 11（2 n+11 S·）. Fluorescent in situ hybridization（FISH） results indicated that T0135 contained two telocentric chromosomes, which have two centromere-specific molecular markers（5 S rDNA） for chromosome 11;thus T0135 is a newly-described rice chromosome variant with two dicentric chromosomes, named 22+11 L·+11 L·+11 S·11 S·+11 S·11 S·（22 represents the 22 chromosomes excluding chromosome 11 in the rice genome, "·" represents the centromere）. To investigate the genetic stability of the rice dicentric chromosomes during sexual reproduction, we observed the chromosome types in the progeny. Ninety-four percent of the progeny had the same chromosome type as the parental line. This result indicates that the dicentric chromosomes are mostly stable during mitosis and meiosis. Immunofluorescence analysis for centromere specific histone H3（CENH3） revealed that only one centromere is active and the other centromere is inactivated in the rice dicentric chromosomes, and is mostly stable during sexual reproduction. The stability of this dicentric chromosome may provide important clues about the evolution of eukaryotic centromeres.

关键词： Dicentric chromosome centromere inactivation CENH3 Rice fluorescent in situ hybridization

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Maize centromeres:where sequence meets epigenetics

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Frontiers in Biology 2011年第2期6卷 102-108页

作者： Wenchao YIN James A.BIRCHLER Fangpu HAN State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Division of Biological Sciences University of Missouri-ColumbiaColumbiaMO 65211USA Graduate Universtiy of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039China

The centromere is a highly organized structure mainly composed of repeat sequences,which make this region extremely difficult for sequencing and other *** plays a conserved role in equal division of chromosomes into daughter cells in both mitosis and ***,centromere sequences show notable *** a dicentric chromosome,one of the centromeres can become inactivated with the underlying DNA ***,formerly inactive centromeres can regain activity under certain *** addition,neocentromeres without centromeric repeats have been found in a wide spectrum of *** evidence indicates that epigenetic mechanisms together with centromeric sequences are associated with centromere specification.

关键词： centromere centromere inactivation centromere reactivation nondisjunction maize

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