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Laser-induced oxidation assisted micro milling of high aspect ratio microgroove on WC-Co cemented carbide

Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2021年第4期34卷 465-475页

作者： Guolong ZHAO Hongjun XIA Yang ZHANG Liang LI Ning HE Hans Nφrgaard HANSEN National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Helicopter Transmission Nanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing 210016China Department of Mechanical Engineering Technical University of DenmarkKgs.Lyngby 2800Denmark

Severe tool wear and poor surface quality are the main problems during micro machining of cemented carbide.In this work,an innovative hybrid process of laser-induced oxidation assisted micro milling(LOMM)was proposed to solve the problems.A nanosecond laser was utilized to induce oxidation of the WC-20%Co material,producing loose oxide which was easy to remove.The micro machinability of the material was improved by laser-induced oxidation.The oxidation mechanisms of cemented carbide were studied.A microgroove with a depth of 2.5 mm and aspect ratio of 5 was fabricated successfully.The milling force,surface quality and tool wear mechanisms were investigated.For comparison,a microgroove was also fabricated with conventional micro milling(COMM)using identical milling parameters.Results revealed that in LOMM the milling force and tool wear rate were extremely low during removing the oxide.The machined surface quality and dimensional accuracy achieved by LOMM were superior to those obtained by COMM.The surface roughness Saof the microgroove bottom reached 88 nm in LOMM,while the cross-sectional geometry of the microgroove was a trapezoid.Perpendicularity of the microgroove sidewall machined by LOMM was better than that by COMM.The tool wear forms in LOMM were coating spalling and slight tool nose breakage.Compared with COMM,the tool life in LOMM was prolonged significantly.It indicates that the proposed hybrid process is an effective and efficient way to fabricate high aspect ratio micro-features with high dimensional accuracy.

关键词： cemented carbide High aspect ratio Laser-induced oxidation Micro milling Microgroove Tool wear

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Damaging of cemented carbide end mill with different grain sizes:experimental and simulation

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Rare Metals 2021年第3期40卷 671-678页

作者： Ali Amirnasiri Mahdi Shafiei Haghshenas Nader Parvin Department of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering Amirkabir University of Technology(AUT)Tehran ***Iran

The main purpose of the current study was to investigate the effects of the size of WC grains on the damage evolution of WC-Co junk mills.The finite element method(FEM) simulation results showed that the finegrain(FG) tool retained its cutting edges radii longer than the coarse-grain(CG) tool.This event leads to the larger wear rate in the CG tool.Moreover,FEM analysis indicated that through increasing the feeding rate,the wear rate and the cutting forces increased as well.The observation of worn tool surface revealed that the formation of micro-pits,micro-cracks,scratching grooves and broken WC grains was among the common signs of the damage for both CG and FG tools.However,it was found that the defects are more intensive in the CG tool.This can be due to the lower boundary strength and less WC connectivity in the CG milling tool.The finer grains also decreased the mean free path in the Co binder and impeded the micro-cracks propagation in the material.

关键词： cemented carbide Junk mill FEM simulation Wear Grain size

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Brazing of WC–8Co cemented carbide to steel using Cu–Ni–Al alloys as filler metal: Microstructures and joint mechanical behavior

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2018年第7期34卷 1180-1188页

作者： Xiangzhao Zhang Guiwu Liu Junnan Tao Yajie Guo Jingjing Wang Guanjun Qiao School of Materials Science and Engineering Jiangsu University Engineering Research Center of Transportation Materials of Ministry of Education School of Materials Science and Engineering Chang'an University School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai University State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials Xi'an Jiaotong University

Three novel Cu-Ni-A1 brazing filler alloys with Cu/Ni weight ratio of 4：1 and 2.5-10 wt% Al were developed and characterized, and the wetting of three Cu-Ni-Al alloys on WC-8Co cemented carbide were investigated at 1190-1210 ℃ by the sessile drop technique. Vacuum brazing of the WC-8Co cemented carbide to SAE1045 steel using the three Cu-Ni-Al alloys as filler metal was further carried out based on the wetting test results. The interfacial interactions and joint mechanical behaviors involving microhardness, shear strength and fracture were analyzed and discussed. The experimental results show that all the three wetting systems present excellent wettability with final contact angles of less than 5 °and fast spreading. An obvious degeneration layer with continuous thin strip forms in the cemented carbide adjacent to the Cu-Ni-A1/WC-8Co interface. The variation of microhardness in the joint cross-section is closely related to the interactions （such as diffusion and solid solution） of WC-8Co/Cu-Ni-Al/steel sys- tem. Compared with the other two brazed joints, the WC-8Co/Cu-19Ni-SAl/steel brazed joint presents more reliable interlayer microstructure and mechanical property while brazing at the corresponding wetting temperatures for 5 rain, and its average shear strength is over 200 MPa after further optimizing the brazing temperature and holding time. The joint shear fracture path passes along the degeneration layer, Cu-Ni-A1/WC-8Co interface and brazing interlayer, showing a mixed ductile-brittle fracture.2018 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The editorial office of Journal of Materials Science ＆ Technology.

关键词： Cu-Ni-Al alloy cemented carbide Brazing Microstructures Mechanical properties

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Friction Characteristics of Impregnated and Non-Impregnated Graphite against cemented carbide under Water Lubrication

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2017年第10期33卷 1203-1209页

作者： Gaolong Zhang Ying Liu Fei Guo Xiangfeng Liu Yuming Wang The State Key Laboratory of Tribology Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

The friction behavior of resin-impregnated and non-impregnated graphite sliding against a cemented carbide in dry, oil, and water environments using a ring–ring configuration was investigated. Friction coefficients were recorded at various speeds. The results showed that the impregnated graphite exhibited much better friction properties under water or oil lubrication than non-impregnated graphite, and the impregnated graphite could remain in the stable friction regime under high pressure × velocity（pv）.Based on scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy analyses, the different characteristics between impregnated and non-impregnated graphite were able to be attributed to the structure of the graphite and wettability of the lubricants.

关键词： Friction Resin-impregnated graphite Non-impregnated graphite cemented carbide Water lubrication

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Rare earth Ce-modified (Ti,Ce)/a-C:H carbon-based film on WC cemented carbide substrate

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Chinese Physics B 2017年第1期26卷 514-520页

作者：周升国刘正兵王顺才 School of Material Science and Engineering Jiangxi University of Science and Technology National Centre for Advanced Tribology at Southampton School of Engineering SciencesUniversity of Southampton

WC cemented carbide suffers severe wear in water environments. A novel carbon-based film could be a feasible way to overcome this drawback. In this study, a rare earth Ce-modified（Ti,Ce）/a-C：H carbon-based film is successfully prepared on WC cemented carbide using a DC reactive magnetron sputtering process. The microstructure, mechanical properties,and tribological behavior of the as-prepared carbon-based film are systematically investigated. The results show that the doping Ti forms Ti C nanocrystallites that are uniformly dispersed in the amorphous carbon matrix, whereas the doping Ce forms CeO2 that exists with the amorphous phase in the co-doped（Ti,Ce）/a-C：H carbon-based film. The mechanical properties of this（Ti,Ce）/a-C：H film exhibit remarkable improvements, which could suggest higher hardness and elastic modulus as well as better adhesive strength compared to solitary Ti-doped Ti/a-C：H film. In particular, the as-prepared（Ti,Ce）/a-C：H film presents a relatively low friction coefficient and wear rate in both ambient air and deionized water,indicating that（Ti,Ce）/a-C：H film could feasibly improve the tribological performance of WC cemented carbide in a water environment.

关键词： rare earth （Ti Ce）/a-C：H cemented carbide tribological

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Influence of Deep Cryogenic Treatment on Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of an Ultrafine-Grained WC-12Co cemented carbide

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2014年第5期27卷 894-900页

作者： Hejia Zhang Liqing Chen Jing Sun Wenguang Wang Quanzhao Wang State Key Laboratory of Rolling and Automation Northeastern University School of Mechanical Engineering Liaoning Shihua University Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of Sciences

Effect of deep cryogenic treatment （DCT） on the microstructures and mechanical behavior of ultrafine-grained WC-12Co cemented carbide was investigated by using XRD, SEM, and DSC. The phase transformations of pure Co and binder phase Co in cemented carbide were analyzed in detail to correlate the strengthening mechanism with its x -ε, phase transition. The results show that DCT resulted in a slight increase in hardness and bending strength of ultrafine- grained WC-12Co cemented carbide. For the ultrafine-grained cemented carbide after DCT, there is no significant change in the microstructure and the elemental distribution of the cemented carbides, but the fractured morphology shows a feature of plastic deformation. In the cases of pure Co and the binder phase Co in WC-12Co cemented carbide, they exhibit different features of phase transformation. The improvement of mechanical property of cemented carbide can be attributed to the increased amount of ε-Co in WC-12Co composites after DCT.

关键词： WC-12Co composite cemented carbide Deep cryogenic treatment Mechanical properties Microstructure

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Influence of Thermal Load on Mechanical Property of cemented carbide Material and Heavy cemented carbide Inserts Life

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Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology(New Series) 2013年第6期20卷 59-66页

作者： Yao-Nan Cheng Li Liu Shou-Hui Sun Jun Qian Ya-Nan Gong Ming-Yang Wu Key Laboratory of National and Local United Engineering for "High-Efficiency Cutting & Tool Harbin University of Science and Technology

A large amount of cutting heat is produced during the heavy cutting process,and insert life is restricted by the effect of thermal load. The thermal load experiment of cemented carbide SCS,WF and YT15 is carried out,and the results show that the bending strength and fracture toughness of cemented carbide material decrease obviously under cyclic thermal load,while in the cooling process,the material mechanical property changes worse suddenly. The high-temperature mechanical property of SCS is the most stable,and that of YT15is the worst. Further,a relation model among cutting temperature,cutting parameters and insert life is established. Finally,the measures to improve heavy cemented carbide inserts life are summarized from the aspects of cutting parameters selection,insert optimization design and TiCN,A12O3,TiN complex insert coating. The research results are expected to provide support and reference for heavy cutting technology and insert technology.

关键词： thermal load cemented carbide mechanical property heavy cutting insert life

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Surface hardening of Fe-based alloy powders by Nd:YAG laser cladding followed by electrospark deposition with WC-Co cemented carbide

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Rare Metals 2010年第4期29卷 380-384页

作者： WANG Jiansheng,MENG Huimin,YU Hongying,FAN Zishuan,and SUN Dongbai School of Materials Science and Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing China

This paper presents the results of a study concerned with the surface hardening of Fe-based alloys and WC-8Co cemented carbide by inte- grating laser cladding and the electrospark deposition processes. Specimens of low carbon steel were processed firstly by laser cladding with Fe-based alloy powders and then by electrospark deposition with WC-SCo cemented carbide. It is shown that, for these two treatments, the electrospark coating possesses finer microstructure than the laser coating, and the thickness and surface hardness of the electrospark coating can be substantially increased.

关键词： laser cladding electrospark deposition surface hardening Fe-based alloy cemented carbide

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Effects of deposit timeon combustion flame deposition of carbon coatings on the Surface of cemented carbide

Effects of deposit timeon combustion flame deposition of car...

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第八届中国功能材料及其应用学术会议

作者： TANG De-wen KUANG Tong-chun ZHAO Rui-lan School of Mechanical Engineering University of South china South china university of technology

ISBN: (纸本)9783037859698

At present,most of the researchesoncarbide surface modificationare focused on the method of chemical vapor deposition and physical vapor deposition in order to enhance its wear resistance and surface hardness.In this paper,CH and O of flame are used to deposit carbon coatings on YG 16 cemented carbide surface.The influence of deposition timehave been investigatedwith the method of XRD,SEM.Carbon coatings structure,quality and Cross sectional microstructures of carbon coating was analyzed.The experimental result show that after different deposition time,the typical spherical diamond\nanometer carbon tube and diamond-graphite-no crystal carbon coatings have been formed on the surface of cemented carbide.

关键词： Diamond Carbon nanotubes flame cemented carbide Deposit time

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Wear Mechanism of WC-Co cemented carbide Tool in Cutting Ti-6Al-4V Based on Thermodynamics

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Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science) 2020年第5期35卷 973-979页

作者：胡小龙邵芳 WANG Renwei Guizhou Institute o f Technology Guiyang 550003China School o f Mechanical Engineering Guizhou UniversityGuiyang 550025China School o f Mechanical Engineering Shandong UniversityJinan 250100China

In order to optimize the tool coating material and reduce the tool wear rate,the coating material and wear mechanism for carbide tools are proposed and analyzed based on thermodynamics theory.We deduced the Gibbs free energy function method and analyzed the enthalpy value of the coating material of cemented carbide tools.The rules of diffusion wear and oxidation wear for WC-Co-based carbide tools were analyzed based on the diffusion dissolution theory and the calculation method of the thermal effect of chemical reaction.The diffusion wear and oxidation wear of WC-Co-based carbide tools when machining Ti-6Al-4V were studied with SEM-EDS.The results indicate that a good prediction accuracy of both diffusion wear and oxidation wear can be achieved by the method of thermodynamic theory analysis method.The conclusion will provide useful references for the optimization of cutting parameters and the improvement of the tool life.

关键词： cemented carbide thermodynamics titanium alloy wear mechanism

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