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A New Paradigm for Understanding the Roots of the Conflict in Darfur

International Relations and Diplomacy 2016年第1期4卷 38-47页

作者： Matthew S. Golub United States Navy Washington DC USA

The conflict in Darfur, which raged most intensely between 2003 and 2008, is the latest in its long history of intertribal struggle for natural resources （Mamdani, 2009, p. 4）. To the average Westerner, whose awareness of monolithic ＂Africa＂ is usually shoddy at best, Darfur is a faraway land full of violence and injustice heretofore unseen in its history. Mamdani （2009）, specifically discusses the way US media portrayed the conflict there, focusing on its distortion through the lens of America＇s post-9/11 consciousness. He highlights the simplification of the conflict, the ease with which it became a matter of good versus evil, and the nebulous assertions that genocide was ongoing between 2004 and 2007, after which Darfur as a whole faded from public view （pp. 48-51, 67-71）. Made evident by US miscalculations in managing ethnic tensions in Iraq----decisions made during the same period--the need to deeply understand the cultural fabric of a region before attempts can be made to stem its bloodshed is obvious, if not mandatory. That understanding drives this discussion. It is predicated on the fact that intercommunal conflict has been a feature of Darfur＇s life for generations, brought about by the overlap between the two dominant modes of life in Darfur--pastoral and nomadic on the one hand, agricultural and settled on the other. Using analyses of the historical body of work on Sudan and Darfur, a new paradigm for understanding its modem conflict is presented below. It begins with a layered analysis that starts from the historical foundations and then adds thematically consistent modules, which have affected the social, political, and economic structure of the region. The dramatic transformations in narrative and worldview are the building blocks of the conflict that has been in progress, at varying levels of intensity, for the past 12 years.

关键词： 2003 war Darfur Sudan paradigm causal layered analysis conflict

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