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Recovery and regeneration of LiFePO_(4)from spent lithium-ion batteries via a novel pretreatment process

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and materials 2021年第9期28卷 1478-1487页

作者： Cheng Yang Jia-liang Zhang Qian-kun Jing Yu-bo Liu Yong-qiang Chen Cheng-yan Wang State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Recycling and Extraction of Metals Beijing 100083China School of Metallurgy Engineering Jiangxi University of Science and TechnologyGanzhou 341000China

The recycling of spent LiFePO_(4)batteries has received extensive attention due to its environmental impact and economic benefit.In the pretreatment process of spent LiFePO_(4)batteries,the separation of active materials and current collectors determines the difficulty of the re-covery process and product quality.In this work,a facile and efficient pretreatment process is first proposed.After only freezing the electrode pieces and immersing them in boiling water,LiFePO_(4)materials were peeled from the Al foil.Then,after roasting under an inert atmosphere and sieving,all the cathode and anode active materials were easily and efficiently separated from the Al and Cu foils.The active materials were subjected to acid leaching,and the leaching solution was further used to prepare FePO_(4)and Li_(2)CO_(3).Finally,the battery-grade FePO_(4)and Li_(2)CO_(3)were used to re-synthesize LiFePO_(4)/C via the carbon thermal reduction method.The discharge capacities of re-synthesized LiFePO_(4)/C cathode were 144.2,139.0,133.2,125.5,and 110.5 mA·h·g−1 at rates of 0.1,0.5,1,2,and 5 C,which satisfies the requirement for middle-end LiFePO_(4)batteries.The whole process is environmental and has great potential for industrial-scale recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries.

关键词： spent lithium iron phosphate batteries pretreating process recovery regeneration cathode materials

An ultrasound-triggered cation chelation and reassembly route to one-dimensional Ni-rich cathode material enabling fast charging and stable cycling of Li-ion batteries

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Nano Research 2020年第12期13卷 3347-3357页

作者： Yongjian Lai Zhaojie Li Wenxia Zhao Xiaoning Cheng Shuo Xu Xiao Yu Yong Liu School of materials Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and TechnologiesSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou510275China Instrumental Analysis&Research Center Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou510275China

Ni-rich oxides,LiNixMnyCozO2(NMC),are among leading candidates for cathode materials in Li-ion batteries.However,they are mostly fabricated by coprecipitation approach under complex conditions,which usually produces large secondary particles composed of aggregated primary particles.Undesirable cation mixing and crack propagation upon cycling block ion and electron transport,result in fast capacity fading and poor rate capability.Herein,we present an ultrasound-triggered cation chelation and reassembly route for synthesizing one-dimensional precursor with homogeneous element distribution at the atomic level.This process is accomplished by the synergistic combination of ultrasound and surfactant,which can disperse reactants and remove hydration shells surrounding cations so as to accelerate chelating reaction,and then separate and assemble chelates into one dimensional structure.The whole synthesis time is only 20 min(8.9 min of ultrasonic working time)in an open vessel under natural ambient conditions.One-dimensional LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 has a high reversible capacity(184 mAh·g^−1 at 0.1 C)and long cycling stability(95.1%and 82.4%capacity retention for 100 and 1000 cycles,respectively).The short charging time of 76 s is realized at super high current rate of 20 C,which is very important to improve the competitiveness of electric vehicles relative to fuel vehicles.Our synthetic approach can provide a general strategy for the growth of mixed-metal-EDTA chelate precursors by changing the feeding ratio of Ni2+,Mn2+and Co2+cations in reaction for fabricating NMC cathode materials with other compositions.

关键词： Li-ion batteries Ni-rich oxides ultrasound one dimensional structure cathode materials

Recent progress in sulfur cathodes for application to lithium-sulfur batteries

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Particuology 2021年第5期19卷 1-15页

作者： Yongying Li Joseph G.Shapter Hui Cheng Guiying Xu Guo Gao Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Micro Fabrication of the Ministry of Education Department of Instrument Science and TechnologySchool of Electronic Information and Electrical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology(AIBN) University of QueenslandSt.LuciaQueensland 4072Australia

Owing to the extensive use of fossil fuels for energy,environmental problems are becoming increasingly severe.Therefore,renewable clean energy sources must be urgently developed.As an environmentally friendly electrochemical energy-storage system,lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)are widely used in portable devices,electric vehicles,and medical equipment.However,owing to their high cost and low theoretical energy density,LIBs are far from meeting the current energy demand.Lithium-sulfur batteries(LSBs)(wherein lithium metal and sulfur are the anode and cathode,respectively)are one of the most valuable secondary batteries because of their high theoretical energy density(-2600Whkg^(-1)).However,the intrinsic conductivity of sulfur cathode materials is poor,and the lithium polysulfide formed during lithiation dissolves easily.Moreover,the volumetric expansion during charging and discharging adversely affects the LSB electrochemical performance,including the rate performance,cycle life,and coulombic efficiency.Therefore,to improve the LSB electrochemical performance,various sulfur composites have been prepared using carbon materials,metallic oxides,and conductive polymers,and various composite cathode materials recently developed for application to LSBs were reviewed.Finally,research directions were proposed for modifying LSB cathode materials.

关键词： Lithium-sulfur batteries(LSBs) cathode materials Hybrid composites Energy storage

Challenges and strategies for ultrafast aqueous zinc-ion batteries

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Rare Metals 2021年第2期40卷 309-328页

作者： Qiao-Nan Zhu Zhen-Ya Wang Jia-Wei Wang Xiao-Yu Liu Dan Yang Li-Wei Cheng Meng-Yao Tang Yu Qin Hua Wang School of Chemistry Beihang UniversityBeijing100191China College of Applied Science and Technology Beijing Union UniversityBeijing100012China Faculty of Science Engineering and TechnologySwinburne University of TechnologyHawthorn3122VICAustralia Institute of Chemistry Henan Academy of SciencesZhengzhou450002China

With the rising demand for fast-charging technology in electric vehicles and portable devices,significant efforts have been devoted to the development of the highrate batteries.Among numerous candidates,rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries(ZlBs)are a promising option due to its high theoretical capacity,low redox potential of zinc metal anode and inherent high ionic conductivity of aqueous electrolyte.As the strong electrostatic interaction between Zn^(2+)and host generally leads to sluggish electrode kinetics,many strategies have been proposed to enhance fast(dis)charging performance.Herein,we review the state-of-the-art ultrafast aqueous ZIBs and focus on the rational electrode-designing strategies,such as crystal structure engineering,nanostructuring and morphology controlling,conductive materials introducing and organic molecule designing.Recent research directions and future perspectives are also proposed in this review.

关键词： Aqueous zinc-ion battery cathode materials Energy density Energy storage Rate capacity Ultrafast

Encapsulation of selenium sulfide in double-layered hollow carbon spheres as advanced electrode material for lithium storage

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Nano Research 2016年第12期9卷 3725-3734页

作者： Hongwei Zhang Liang Zhou Xiaodan Huang Hao Song Chengzhong Yu Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD 4072 Australia State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 China

Selenium sulfide/double-layered hollow carbon sphere （SeS2/DLHC） composites have been designed as high-performance cathode materials for novel Li-SeS2 batteries. In the constructed composite, SeS2 is predominantly encapsulated in the interlayer space of DLHCs with a high loading of 75% （weight percentage） and serves as the active component for lithium storage. The presence of Se in the composite and the carbon framework not only alleviate the shuttling of polysulfide, but also improve the conductivity of electrodes. Migration of active materials from the interlayer void to the hollow cavity of DLHCs after cycling, which further mitigates the loss of active materials and the shuttle effect, is observed. As a result, the SeS2/DLHC composite delivers a high specific capacity （930 mA.h.g-1 at 0.2 C） and outstanding rate capability （400 mA.h.g-1 at 6 C）, which is much better than those of SeS2/single-layered hollow carbon sphere, Se/DLHC, and S/DLHC composites. Notably, the SeS2/DLHC composite shows an ultralong cycle life with 89% capacity retention over 900 cycles at 1 C, or only 0.012% capacity decay per cycle. Our study reveals that both SeS2 and the double-layered structures are responsible for the excellent electrochemical performance.

关键词： selenium sulfide double-layered hollowcarbon cathode materials lithium storage

A new active NaVMoO6 cathode material for rechargeable Li ion batteries

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Journal of materials Science & Technology 2021年第7期66卷 97-102页

作者： Chunmao Huang Shenghong Liu Yang Wang Jingjie Feng Yanming Zhao School of Physics South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510640China South China Institute of Collaborative Innovation Dongguan 523808China

Brannerite-type NaVMoO6 with vanadium(V5+) and molybdenum(Mo6+) elements in the highest valence states is synthesized by a sol-gel method using Na2CO3, NH4VO3, MoO3 and citric acid reagents. The results of X-ray diffraction(XRD) with Rietveld refinement and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) show that the obtained NaVMoO6 sample is single-phase. Novel electrode material(NaVMoO6) with layered structure is first utilized as cathode material for lithium ion batteries(LIBs). The NaVMoO6 electrode delivers reversible specific capacity of 126.4 mA h g-1 at 5 mA g-1 after 50 cycles. The stable structure of NaVMoO6 is corroborated by ex-situ XRD, suggesting that this material is considered as a prospective cathode for LIBs. This studying enriches the possibilities of molybdenum-based materials as cathodes for LIBs.

关键词： Lithium-ion batteries cathode materials Electrochemical properties Storage mechanism

Dendrite-structured FeF_(2) consisting of closely linked nanoparticles as cathode for high-performance lithium-ion capacitors

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2021年第4期30卷 517-523页

作者： Huanyu Liang Zhengqiang Hu Zhongchen Zhao Dong Chen Hao Zhang Huaizhi Wang Xia Wang Qiang Li Xiangxin Guo Hongsen Li College of Physics Center for Marine Observation and CommunicationsQingdao UniversityQingdao 266071ShandongChina

Lithium-ion capacitors(LICs)are regarded as a good choice for next-generation energy storage devices,which are expected to exhibit high energy densities,high power densities,and ultra-long cycling stability.Nevertheless,only a few battery-type cathode materials with limited kinetic properties can be employed in LICs,and their electrochemical properties need to be optimized urgently.Here,we exploit a new dendrite-structured FeF_(2) consisting of closely linked primary nanoparticles using a facile solvothermal method combined with the subsequent annealing treatment.This particular architecture has favorable transport pathways for both lithium ions and electrons and exhibits an ultrafast chargedischarge capability with high reversible capacities.Furthermore,a well-designed LIC employing the prepared dendrite-structured FeF_(2) as the battery-type cathode and commercialized activated carbon(AC)as supercapacitor-type anode was constructed in an organic electrolyte containing Li ions.The LIC operates at an optimal voltage range of 1.1-3.8 V and shows a maximum high energy density of 152 W h kg^(-1) and a high power density of 4900 W kg^(-1) based on the total mass of cathode and anode.Long-term cycling stability(85%capacity retention after 2000 cycles)was achieved at 1 A g^(-1).This work suggests that the dendrite-structured FeF_(2) is a prime candidate for high-performance LICs and accelerates the development of hybrid ion capacitor devices.

关键词： Dendrite-structured FeF_(2) cathode materials Lithium-ion capacitors High energy densities

Barium-doped Pr_(2)Ni_(0.6)Cu_(0.4)O_(4+δ) with triple conducting characteristics as cathode for intermediate temperature proton conducting solid oxide fuel cell

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2021年第11期34卷 269-276页

作者： Chengyi Ai Tingting Li Rongzheng Ren Zhenhua Wang Wang Sun Jinsheng Feng Kening Sun Jinshuo Qiao Beijing Key Laboratory for Chemical Power Source and Green Catalysis School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China

Proton conducting solid oxide fuel cell(H-SOFC)is an emerging energy conversion device,with lower activation energy and higher energy utilization efficiency.However,the deficiency of highly active cathode materials still remains a major challenge for the development of H-SOFC.Therefore,in this work,K_(2)NiF_(4)-type cathode materials Pr_(2-x)Ba_(x)Ni_(0.6)Cu_(0.4)O_(4+δ)(x=0,0.1,0.2,0.3),single-phase tripleconducting(e-/O^(2-)/H^(+))oxides,are prepared for intermediate temperature H-SOFCs and exhibit good oxygen reduction reaction activity.The investigation demonstrates that doping Ba into Pr_(2-x)BaxNi_(0.6)Cu_(0.4)O_(4+δ) can increase its electrochemical performance through enhancing electrical conductivity,oxygen vacancy concentration and proton conductivity.EIS tests are carried at 750℃ and the minimum polarization impedances are obtained when x=0.2,which are 0.068 Ω·cm^(2) in air and 1.336 Ω·cm^(2) in wet argon,respectively.The peak power density of the cell with Pr_(1.8)Ba_(0.2)Ni_(0.6)Cu_(0.4)O_(4+δ) cathode is 298 mW·cm^(-2) at 750℃ in air with humidified hydrogen as fuel.Based on the above results,Ba-doped Pr_(2-x)Ba_(x)Ni_(0.6)Cu_(0.4)O_(4+δ) can be a good candidate material for SOFC cathode applications.

关键词： Protonic conducting solid oxide fuel cells cathode materials Element substitution

Research Progress and Future Perspectives on Rechargeable Na-O_(2) and Na-CO_(2) Batteries

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Energy & Environmental materials 2021年第2期4卷 158-177页

作者： Zhi Zheng Chang Wu Qinfen Gu Konstantin Konstantinov Jiazhao Wang Institute for Superconducting and Electronic materials University of WollongongWollongong NSW 2522Australia The Australian Synchrotron(ANSTO) 800 Blackburn RoadClayton VIC 3168Australia

Rechargeable sodium–oxygen(Na-O_(2))and sodium–carbon dioxide(Na-CO_(2))batteries have attracted intensive research attention in recent years owing to their advantages of high theoretical energy density,modest cost,abundance of sodium resources,and promising potential for achieving real sodium–air batteries in large-scale energy storage systems.Nevertheless,current research on Na-O_(2)and Na-CO_(2)batteries is facing enormous challenges,such as low energy efficiency and limited cycle life,which are restricting their progress at the initial stage.Therefore,understanding their working principles,and the chemical and electrochemical reactions of the electrodes is indispensable to achieve their practical application and even the goal of true sodium–air batteries.This review aims to provide an overview of the research developments and future perspectives on Na-O_(2)and Na-CO_(2)batteries,which include the major aspects,such as working mechanisms,air cathode materials design strategies,sodium anode protection,and electrolyte stability.Moreover,the remaining issues and future research directions are also thoroughly discussed and presented.

关键词： anode protection cathode materials electrolytes Na-CO_(2)batteries Na-O_(2)batteries