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Seroprevalence of Viral Hepatitis Markers B in Secondary School in Abidjan: Advocacy for a catch-up Vaccination

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Open Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第1期9卷 7-12页

作者： Amadou Ouattara Constant Assi Dramane Soro Emile Allah-Kouadio Marie Jeanne Lohouès-Kouacou Benoit Mathieu Camara Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology Hospital and University Center of Cocody Abidjan Republic of Ivory Coast

Aim: To determine the prevalence of HBs antigen in secondary schools, to appreciate the vaccination coverage of viral hepatitis B and to propose a vaccine catch-up strategy. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional study conducted over a two-month period from April 24 to June 24, 2006 among students aged 10 - 15, in two schools (one public and the other private) of the city of Abidjan selected at random. The assay of serum markers of viral hepatitis B of the samples collected after 5 ml peripheral venous sampling was carried out in the viral serology and bacteriology unit of the Pasteur institute of Ivory Coast using the ELISA technique (Enzyme-Linked-Immunosorbant-Assay). The ELISA technique is an enzyme immunoassay technique that can detect an antigen or an antibody by highlighting the antigen-antibody reaction. Results: Of the 282 students who participated in our study, 5.3% of students (n = 15) were infected with the hepatitis B virus. The majority of students (79.1%, n = 223) did not have no contact with the hepatitis B virus. Only 7.8% (n = 22) of the students were vaccinated against viral hepatitis B. Conclusion: The low immunization coverage and the high prevalence of seronegative students reflect the need for a vaccine catch-up policy for adolescents born before the introduction of vaccination against the viral hepatitis B virus in the Expanded Program on Immunization.

关键词： Hepatitis B Prevalence Vaccination catch-up Vaccination

Scientific catch-up in Asian Economies: A Case Study for Solar Cell

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Natural Resources 2013年第1期4卷 134-141页

作者： Ichiro Sakata Hajime Sasaki Graduate School of Engineering University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan Policy Alternatives Research Institute University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan Policy Alternatives Research Institute University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan

A significant structural change in the pattern of economic development in Asian economies has been observed in recent years. We have seen many cases in which the Asian economies became the center of the world-wide production in an extremely short period of time after a new product entered the market. Also in the science, the number of papers written by Asian researchers has been increasing dramatically. In this situation, the existing studies cannot sufficiently explain the driving force and the mechanism of catch-up or economic growth. Therefore, it is now required to model this new type of economic development. In this paper we analyzed their scientific catch-up status using scientific papers on solar cells to clarify the structural change. After mid 1990s, knowledge creation has been accelerated in the field of solar cell. Now more than three thousand papers are published annually. We found as a result that the catch-up process in Asian economies had progressed rapidly, that some economies had a larger share of scientific papers in the frontier field of advanced science than in the matured fields, and that the strategy largely changed from area to area. A “parallel-running-type growth model” has thus been emerging in Asia. Responding to the significant changes in development model, we have to re-design the framework of economic cooperation. There is a need for further horizontal collaboration among major Asian economies and developed economies. We also showed that bibliometrics is an effective method for presuming a detailed national strategy that is not known to the outside.

关键词： catch-up Growth Model Bibliometrics

The rise of emerging powers and the BRICs’ chase to catch up

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China Economist 2010年第2期5卷 66-73页

作者：林跃勤 Ph.D. Associate Research Fellow Macroeconomics Offi ce Institute of Economics Chinese Academy of Social Sciences

The rise of great powers is a universal phenomenon in global economic development. However, at different times countries' rises are accompanied by different tendencies and characteristics. With the BRICs as representatives, the rise of emerging super powers has become a new trend in global economic development in recent decades. What is the difference between the rise of these super-economies and those in the past? In what ways can China's revival be inspired? These are both theoretically and pragmatically significant questions.

关键词： rise of great powers catch-up of the BRICs

Distortions, Growth catch-up, and Sustainable Growth

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China Economist 2018年第5期13卷 12-34页

作者：张晓晶李成李育 National Institution for Finance & Development Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS) Institute of Economics CASS Chinese Academy of International Trade and Economic Cooperation Ministry of Commerce

A distortion is a departure from the allocation of economic resources from the state in which each agent maximizes his/her own welfare. Distortions can be divided into endogenous distortion(i.e. market imperfections) and policy-imposed distortion. The relationship between distortion and development is complex, thus favorable distortion would only be possible under certain conditions, where, as argued in this paper, four crucial mechanisms may play roles — advantage of backwardness, second-best principle, coordination failure and political economy perspective. Empirically, both international experience and evidence from China suggest that distortions have a positive effect on total factor productivity(TFP) in the early stages of development, but with increasing income levels this role gradually diminishes. Especially in the phases of middle and high income, the negative effects of distortions are significant and become an important factor leading to the middle-income trap. Therefore, reducing and correcting distortions is the key to achieving sustainable growth. Regarding China, it is necessary to eliminate the distortions in a clear way and let the market play the decisive role in resource allocation. Otherwise, in the name of "growth catch-up," the policy-imposed distortion will occur frequently, and the direction of market-oriented reform will become blurred and swing. Mitigating unfavorable distortions is largely a process of exploring the favorable borderline of government and market, which constitutes a major challenge for all economies.

关键词： distortions growth catch-up government–market relationship sustainable growth

Effects of percutaneous varicocele repair on testicular volume:results from a 12-month follow-up

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2019年第4期21卷 408-412页

作者： Andrea Sansone Danilo Alunni Fegatelli Carlotta Pozza Giorgio Fattorini Rosa Lauretta Marianna Minnetti Francesco Romanelli Pierleone Lucatelli Mario Corona Mario Bezzi Francesco Lombardo Andrea Lenzi Daniele Gianfrilli Departme nt of Experime ntal Medici ne Sa pie nza Un iversity of Rome Rome 00161 Italy Department of Public Health and In fectious Diseases Sapienza University of Rome Rome 00161 Italy Unit of Endocrinology Regina Elena National Cancer Institute Rome 00144 Italy Vascular and Interventional Radiology Unit Department of Radiological Oncological and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences Sapienza-University of Rome Rome 00161 Italy

Varicocele is a comm on fin ding in men. Varicocele correcti on has bee n advocated for young patients with testicular hypotrophy, but there is a lack of morphofunctional follow-up data. We assessed whether percutaneous treatment of left varicocele is associated with testicular "catch-up growth" in the following 12 months by retrospectively reviewing data from an electronic database of 10 656 patients followed up in our clinic between 2006 and 2016. We selected all young adults (up, and had no other con ditions affecting testicular volume. One hundred and fourteen men (mean±standard deviation [s.d.] of age: 22.8 ± 5.4 years) met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Left testicular hypotrophy (LTH), defined as a >20% difference between left and right testicular volume at baseline, was observed in 26 (22.8%) men. Participants with LTH (mean±s.d.: 14.5 ± 2.7 ml) had lower baseline testicular volume compared to those without LTH (mean±s.d.: 15.7 ± 3.8 ml;P= 0.032). Repeated measures mixed models showed a sign ifica nt in teraction betwee n LTH and time posttreatme nt when correcting for baseli ne left testicular volume (β= 0.114, 95% confidence interval [Cl]: 0.018-0.210, P=0.020), resulting in a catch-up growth of up to 1.37 ml per year (95% Cl: 0.221- 2.516). Age at intervention was also associated with reduced testicular volume (-0.072 ml per year, 95% Cl:-0.135--0.009;P = 0.024). Percutaneous treatment of left varicocele in young adults with LTH can result in catch-up growth over 1 year of follow-up. The reproductive and psychological implicati ons of these findings n eed to be confirmed in Ion ger and larger prospective studies.

关键词： catch-up growth percutaneous treatment testicular hypotrophy testicular ultrasound testicular volume varicocele young adults

Innovation Path for Large Countries:Chinese Experience from Economics Perspective

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China Economist 2018年第5期13卷 35-46页

作者：欧阳峣汤凌霄 Hunan Normal University ChangshaChina

Over the past four decades, China has achieved prosperity in economics as well as economic development. Without doubt, China's experience offers inspirations to economic theories. In this paper, we attempt to identify the theoretical implications of China's growth journey. By casting light on China's innovation path, this paper presents a coherent theoretical framework of economic principles to answer the following questions: How did China as a large country form its innovation advantages by virtue of its market size? Why did China as a late-moving country choose imitative innovation in catching up with other countries? How did China develop its own innovation advantages during its economic transition? In developing a system of economic discourse for China's innovation path, it is necessary to take stock of China's economic history and international experiences in relation to the wisdom of economic philosophies.

关键词： technological innovation market size catch-up for late-moving countries,economic transition

The Eradication of the Immunodeficiency Virus Human (HIV/AIDS) Transmission from Mother-to-Child (ETMC) in the Maternity Ward at the Ratoma Medical Centre, Conakry, Guinea

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2019年第5期9卷 715-721页

作者： Boubacar Siddi Diallo Mamadou Samba Keita Ibrahima Sory Balde Mamadou Hady Diallo Ibrahima Conte Ousmane Balde Ibrahima Sylla Oumou Hawa Bah Moussa Kante Telly Sy Yolande Hyjazi Namory Keita University Department of Gynecology-Obstetrics Donka National Hospital Conakry Guinea University Department of Gynecology-Obstetrics Ignace Deen National Hospital Conakry Guinea

Objectives: The objectives of this article are to: 1) Determine the prevalence of parturient that escapes from the ETME, 2) Determine the rate of acceptability or non-acceptability of the HIV tests, 3) Describe the epidemiological profile and 4) Describe the factors explaining the lack of screening during pregnancy. Methodology: This report is based on an eventual descriptive study carried out in the Maternity Ward at the Ratoma Medical Centre for the past six months. The study took place over six (6) months from June 15 to December 15, 2016. The data were collected by individual interviews using a data collection sheet and prenatal consultation booklet that were administered to parturients in their language of comprehension. Each unscreened parturient received in the delivery room or in immediate postpartum received pre- and post-test HIV/AIDS counseling with immediate announcement of the outcome for all those who accepted the principle. For parturients who were in the active phase of work, counseling/testing was done in the immediate postpartum period. The data were manually collected from the pre-established fact sheets, captured using the Word, Excel and PowerPoint software packages of the 2007 Office and analyzed by the Epi-Info software (version 3.5.4). The limitations of the study were the lack of adequate room for the HIV testing council, the refusal of HIV testing by some parturients and the lack of achievement of CD4 levels in the hospital laboratory. Outcomes: The survey indicated that out of the 41.80% (177/423) of pregnant women that have recently given birth, ignore their HIV status. About 36.90% (66/177) rejected the screening and the 6.4% (7/111) that accepted were HIV/AIDS positive. The epidemiological study revolved around the following categories of women aged between 24 and 33 (42.85%), 1) Married (100%), 2) Housewives (57.14%), 3) Out-of-school (57.14), 4) Lack prenatal follow-up (42.85%), 5) Ignorance of the existence of HIV (71.42%). Reason Invoked for the Unawareness: No screening was prop

关键词： catch-up HIV Work Room