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Mortality of Nile Crocodile (<i>Crocodylus niloticus</i>) Eggs Caused by the Flour Beetle (<i>Tribolium castaneum</i>)

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Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2012年第1期2卷 9-12页

作者： Kosta Y. Mumcuoglu Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics The Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases

It is estimated that quarter to half a million specimens of the Nile crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus Laurenti, 1768) live in liberty. Ranching crocodiles for their skins has been successfully implemented in several African countries but also in Israel. Recently, in one of these ranches, an increased mortality of crocodile eggs was observed and it was thought that insects were causing their death. Two crocodile eggs were kept together with 100 adults of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst, 1797), while the third egg was kept without beetles. No food for beetles was added to the boxes. The eggs were observed twice a month for any kind of changes on their surface. After two months, at least 39 holes were observed in one egg and 146 on the second egg, which was exposed to beetles, while no holes could be seen in the control egg. Some of the holes were deep enough to see the inner layers of the egg. There is enough evidence to believe that adults of T. castaneum are able to damage the eggs of the Nile crocodile and in some cases lead to their death;measures should be taken to protect the eggs from this and similar species of beetles.

关键词： Tribolium castaneum Crocodylus niloticus Mortality Israel

Context-dependent effects of cold stress on behavioral, physiological,and life-history traits of the red flour beetle

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Insect Science 2019年第1期26卷 142-153页

作者： Inon Scharf Keren-Or Wertheimer Joy Lira Xin Tomer Gilad Inna Goldenberg Aziz Subach School of Zoology Faculty of Life Sciences &Steinhardt Museum of Natural HistoryTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael

Animals are exposed in nature to a variety ofstressors.While stress is generally harmful,mild stress can also be beneficial and contribute to reproduction and survival.We studied the effect of five cold shock events versus a single cold shock and a control group, representing three levels of stress (harsh,mild,and no stress),on behavioral,physiological, and life-history traits of the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum,Herbst 1797).Beetles exposed to harsh cold stress were less active than a control group:they moved less and failed more frequently to detect a food patch.Their probability to mate was also lower. Beetle pairs exposed to harsh cold stress frequently failed to reproduce at all,and if reproducing,females laid fewer eggs,which were,as larvae in mid-development,smaller than those in the control group.However,harsh cold stress led to improved female starvation tolerance,probably due to enhanced lipid accumulation.Harsh cold shock also improved tolerance to an additional cold shock compared to the control.Finally,a single cold shock event negatively affected fewer measured response variables than the harsh cold stress, but also enhanced neither starvation tolerance nor tolerance to an additional cold shock. The consequences of a harsher cold stress are thus not solely detrimental but might even enhance survival under stressful conditions.Under benign conditions,nevertheless,harsh stress impedes beetle performance.The harsh stress probably shifted the balance point of the survival-reproduction trade-off,a shift that did not take place following exposure to mild stress.

关键词： chill-coma recovery time cross-tolerance latency to mate maternal effects thermal ecology Tribolium castaneum

Fumigant and repellent properties of sesquiterpene-rich essential oil from Teucrium polium subsp,capitatum(L.)

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2014年第12期7卷 956-961页

作者： Abbas Khani Monireh Heydarian Department of Plant Protection Faculty of AgricultureUniversity of ZabolZabolIran

Objective:To test fumigant and repellent properties of sesquiterpene—rich essential oil from Teucrium polium subsp.capitation(L.).Methods:The fumigant toxicity test was performed at(27±1)℃.(65± 5)%relative humidity,and under darkness condition and 24 h exposure time.The chemical composition of the isolated oils was examined by gas chromatography—mass spectrometry.Results:The major compounds were α-cadiuol(46.2%),earyophyllene oxide(25.9%),α muurolol epi(8.1%),cadalene(3.7%) and longiverbenone(2.9%).In all cases,considerable differences in mortality of insect to essential oil vapor were observed in different concentrations and exposure times.Callosobruchus maculatus(C.maculates)(LC_(50)=148.9μL/L air) was more susceptible to the tested plant product than Teucrium castaneum(T.castaneum)(LC_(50)=360.2μL/L ain based on LC_(50)values.In the present investigation,the concentration of 3μ L /mL acetone showed 60% and 52% repellency against T.casteneum and C.maculatus adults,respectively.Conclusions:The results suggests that sesquiterpene—rich essential oils from the tested plant could be used as a potential control agent for stored—product insects.

关键词： Callosobruchus maculatus Fumigant toxicit Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry Repellency Terpenoids Tribolium castaneum

七种糕点对赤拟谷盗(鞘翅目:拟步甲科)感染的抗性(英文)

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Zoological Research 2005年第3期26卷 300-304页

作者： Olusola O. ODEYEMI Bernice M. OYEDARE Michael O. ASHAMO Storage Research Laboratory Department of Biology Federal University of TechnologyP. M. B. 704 Akure NigeriaStorage Research Laboratory Department of Biology Federal University of TechnologyP. M. B. 704 Akure NigeriaStorage Research Laboratory Department of Biology Federal University of TechnologyP. M. B. 704 Akure Nigeria

Seven biscuit types namely, Okin, Digestive, Cabin, Peanut, Cream crackers, Hobnobs and Glucose and wheat flour were screened for their resistance to Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) at ambient temperature of 28±2 ℃ and 78±2% relative humidity in the laboratory. 50 g of each biscuit sample were infested with four female and two male adult beetles and left for 15 days then remove for a resistant experiment and 70 days for a mortality experiment. Each treatment and the control without beetles were replicated three times. Results showed that there was significant difference (Pcastaneum in the biscuit types and wheat flour samples, while there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the weight loss of biscuit types. The highest adult mortality of beetles (100%) was obtained from Peanut biscuits at 28 days after infestation while there was only 5.5% adult mortality in wheat flour at 70 days after infestation. The susceptibility index was 0 for all the biscuit types since there was no adult emergence indicating that they were resistant to T. castaneum infestation. Resistance in the biscuit types could be due to chemical additives (e.g. sodium chloride and sodium bicarbonate) used in the production of biscuits, which may have inhibitory effect on the development of T. castaneum and also the low moisture content of the biscuits. Packages that can easily be perforated or damaged to allow absorption of moisture from the environment should not be used in packing biscuits.

关键词： Tribolium castaneum 感染死亡率易感指数糕点重量损失

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六种植物精油对赤拟谷盗的杀虫活性研究

湖北农业科学 2018年第14期57卷 49-52页

作者：李玉春周富婷肖丰坤韦勇李彪周艳梅蒋水萍云南宏绿辣素有限公司昆明650503

采用三角瓶密闭熏蒸法和微量点滴法,分别测定蒜头果油、紫茎泽兰精油、青蒿精油、蓖麻子油、巴豆油和桉树油6种植物精油对赤拟谷盗(Tribolium castaneum Herbst)成虫的熏杀和触杀活性。结果表明,蒜头果油、桉树油对赤拟谷盗成虫具有强... 详细信息

采用三角瓶密闭熏蒸法和微量点滴法,分别测定蒜头果油、紫茎泽兰精油、青蒿精油、蓖麻子油、巴豆油和桉树油6种植物精油对赤拟谷盗(Tribolium castaneum Herbst)成虫的熏杀和触杀活性。结果表明,蒜头果油、桉树油对赤拟谷盗成虫具有强烈的杀虫活性,处理24 h后,熏蒸和触杀校正死亡率均达到94%以上;青蒿精油处理48 h后,触杀校正死亡率为94.19%,在100μL/L浓度下熏蒸校正死亡率达83.33%;巴豆油、紫茎泽兰精油和蓖麻子油具有一定的触杀和熏杀作用,但触杀作用均明显强于熏杀作用。

关键词：赤拟谷盗(Tribolium castaneum Herbst) 植物精油杀虫活性