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Antileishmanial assessment of leaf extracts from Pluchea carolinensis,Pluchea odorata and Pluchea rosea

Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2011年第10期4卷 836-840页

作者： Marley Garcia Wilmer H Perera Ramon Scull Lianet Monzote Parasitology Department Institute of Medicine Tropical "Pedro Kourl"Havana CityCuba Institute of Ecology and Systematic Havana CityCuba Institute of Pharmacy and Food Havana CityCuba Parasitology Department Institute of Medicine Tropical "Pedro Kouri"Havana CityCuba

Objective:To evaluate the antileishmanial activity of different extracts from three Cuban Pluchea ***:In in vitro assays the IC50was calculated in the promastigotes and amastigotes forms as cytotoxicity in murine *** leishmaniasis cutanea experiment,mortality, weight loss,lesion size and burden parasite were ***:Extracts evaluated showed inhibitive effect on growing of promastigote form;however,active extracts caused a high toxicity. Ethanol and n-hexane extracts demonstrated specific antileishmanial *** and n-hexane extracts from Pluchea carolinensis（***） caused similar inhibition against amastigote *** intraperitoneal administration of the ethanol extract of *** at 100 mg/kg prevented lesion development compared with control ***:The antileishmanial experiment suggests that ethanol extracts from *** is the most *** studies are still needed to evaluate the polential of this plant as a source of new antileishmanial agents.

关键词： Pluchea carolinensis Pluchea odorata Pluchea rosea Medicinal plants Leishmania amazonensis

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Relationships between personality traits and the physiological stress response in a wild mammal

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Current Zoology 2020年第2期66卷 197-204页

作者： Francesca SANTICCHIA Lucas A.WAUTERS Ben DANTZER Sarah E.WESTRICK Nicola FERRARI Claudia ROMEO Rupert PALME Damiano G.PREATONI Adriano MARTINOLI Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences Environment Analysis and Management Unit-Guido Tosi Research Group-Universita degli Studi dell'nsubriaVia J.H.Dunant 321100 VareseItly Department of Biology Evolutionary Ecology GroupUniversity of AntwerpUniversiteitsplein 12610 WilrijkBelgium Department of Psychology University of Michigan530 Church StreetAnn ArborMI 48109USA Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Michigan830 North UniversityAnn ArborMI 48109USA Department of Veterinary Medicine Universita degli Studi di MilanoVia Celoria 1020133 MilanoItaly Centro di Ricerca Coordinata Epidemiologia e Sorveglianza Molecolare delle Infezioni Universita degli Studi di MilanoMilanoItly Unit of Physiology Pathophysiology and Experimental EndocrinologyDepartment of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Veterinary Medicine ViennaVeterinarplatz 11210 ViennaAustria

Glucocorticoids(GCs)are involved in the regulation of an animal's energetic *** stressful situations,they are part of the neuroendocrine response to cope with environmental *** react to aversive stimuli also through behavioral responses,defined as coping *** in captive and wild populations,individuals differ in their behavior along a proactive-reactive *** animals exhibit a bold,active explorative and social personality,whereas reactive ones areshy,less active-explorative and less ***,we test the hypothesis that personality traits and physiological responses to stressors covary,with more proactive individuals having a less pronounced GC stress *** wild populations of invasive gray squirrels Sciurus carolinensis,we measuredfecal glucocorticoid metabolites(FGMs),an integrated measure of circulating GCs,and 3 personality traits(activity,sociability,and exploration)derived from open field test(OFT)and mirror image stimulation(MIS)*** squirrels had higher FGMs in Autumn than in Winter and males with scrotal testes had higher FGMs than nonbreeding *** varied with body mass and population *** expressed more activity exploration at higher than at lower density and heavier squirrels had higher scores for activity exploration than animals that weighed *** in FGM concentrations was not correlated with the expression of the 3 personality ***,our results do not support a strong association between the behavioral and physiological stress responses but show that in wild populations,where animals experience varying environmental conditions,the GC endocrine response and the expression of personality are uncorrelated traits among individuals.

关键词： FGM concentration glucocorticoids HPA axis reactivity MCMCglmm personality-traits Sciurus carolinensis

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