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Implications of the COVID-19 pandemic on athletes,sports events,and mass gathering events:Review and recommendations

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Sports Medicine and Health Science 2023年第3期5卷 165-173页

作者： Jehad Feras AlSamhori Mohammad Ali Alshrouf Abdel Rahman Feras AlSamhori Fatimah Maytham Alshadeedi Anas Salahaldeen Madi Osama Alzoubi School of Medicine The University of JordanAmman11942Jordan Medical Internship Jordan University HospitalThe University of JordanAmman11942Jordan Shmaisani Hospital Amman11195Jordan

Since the coronavirus disease 19(COVID-19),which caused several respiratory diseases,was formally declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization(WHO)on March 11,2020,it affected the lifestyle and health of athletes,both directly through cardiorespiratory and other health related effects,and indirectly as the pandemic has forced the suspension,postponement,or cancellation of most professional sporting events around the world.In this review,we explore the journey of athletes throughout the pandemic and during their return to their competitive routine.We also highlight potential pitfalls during the process and summarize the recommendations for the optimal return to sport participation.We further discuss the impact of the pandemic on the psychology of athletes,the variance between the team and individual athletes,and their ability to cope with the changes.Moreover,we specifically reviewed the pandemic impact on younger professional athletes in terms of mental and fitness health.Finally,we shaded light on the various impacts of mass gathering events and recommendations for managing upcoming events.

关键词： COVID-19 cardiorespiratory Athletes Sport Mass gathering events Recommendations

Effects of whole body vibration training on cardiorespiratory fitness and quality of life in patients with subacute stroke:A randomized controlled trial

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South China Journal of Cardiology 2019年第3期20卷 131-139,155页

作者：廖麟荣刘智廖曼霞贾延兵秦雪佳袁智敏李军 Department of Rehabilitation Yixing JORU Reha bilitation HospitalWuxi 214200 Guangdong General Hos pital Guangdong Academy of Medical SciencesGuangzhou 510180 Department of Rehabilitation Medicine the First Medical CenterChinese PLA General HospitalBeijing 100853China

Background cardiorespiratory fitness reduction is potentially related to function/structure,and activity of the stroke patients may be associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Whole body vibration(WBV)training is an efficient alternative therapy for neurological conditions. However,no study has investigated the effects of WBV training on cardiorespiratory fitness in patients with subacute stroke. This single-blinded randomized controlled trial was conducted to assess the effects WBV training on cardiorespiratory fitness and quality of life in individuals with subacute stroke. Methods Thirty-three people with subacute stroke(66.56±5.25 years)were enrolled from 87 patients initially screened(25 patients were excluded by inclusion/exclusion criteria,13 patients for other reasons,16 patients declined participation). Participants were randomly assigned to the low-intensity WBV group(LWBV),high-intensity WBV group(HWBV)and a control group(No WBV).All participants of low-and high-intensity WBV group were exercised on a vibration platform,and the control group performed the same exercise without WBV. Outcome measurements included oxygen uptake(VO2)rate and walking distance during the 6-Minute Walk Test(6 MWT),and quality of life(Short-Form 12 Health Survey,SF-12). The measurements were performed by a researcher at baseline and immediately after the 8-week WBV intervention period. Results Statistical analysis revealed a significant time effect for VO2 rate and walking distance achieved during 6 MWT,and the SF-12 physical composite score domain in all three groups after the 8-week treatment period(P0.05). Conclusions The addition of the 8-week WBV program to the leg exercise protocol is not more effective in enhancing cardiorespiratory fitness and quality of life than leg exercises alone in subacute stroke patients with mild to moderate motor impairments.

关键词： subacute stroke cardiorespiratory fitness whole body vibration rehabilitation exercise

Analyzing Spatial Patterns of cardiorespiratory Diseases in the Federal District, Brazil

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Health 2015年第10期7卷 1283-1293页

作者： Weeberb Requia Henrique Roig Campus Darcy Ribeiro University of Brasilia Brasilia Brazil

cardiorespiratory diseases are a serious public health problem worldwide. Identification of spatial patterns in health events is an efficient tool to guide public policies in environmental health. However, only few studies have considered spatial pattern analysis which is considered the evaluation of spatial autocorrelation, degree of autocorrelation and dependence behavior in terms of distances. Therefore, the objective of this study is to propose a set of procedures to evaluate the spatial patterns of cardiorespiratory diseases in the Federal District, Brazil. Specifically, our proposal will be based on four questions: a) is the spatial distribution of all patients clustered, random or dispersed? b) what is the degree of clustering for either high values or low values of patients? c) what is the spatial dependence behavior? d) considering the spatial variation, at what distance does the type of distribution (cluster, random or disperse) begin to change? We chose four methods to answer these questions Global Moran’s I (question “a”);Getis-Ord General G (question “b”);semivariogram analysis (question “c”);and multi-distance spatial cluster-K-function (question “d”). Our results suggest that there is a different behavior for people up to 5 years old (cluster, p < 0.01), especially in distances below 2.5 km. For people above 59 years old, cluster is significant just in short distances (<200 m). For other age groups, the spatial distribution is basically random. Our study showed that it was possible to capture evidences of health disparities in the Federal District.

关键词： Environmental Health Spatial Patterns cardiorespiratory Diseases

Can a cardiorespiratory field parameter assess both cardiovascular and respiratory fitness in schoolchildren?

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Health 2014年第1期6卷 33-43页

作者： Louisa Ming Yan Chung Lina Pui Yu Chow Eric Cheuk Kuen Tsang Joanne Wai Yee Chung Department of Health and Physical Education The Hong Kong Institute of Education Hong Kong China

Background: cardiorespiratory fitness involves both cardiovascular and respiratory capacities. However, existing methods have been criticised for reflecting cardiovascular fitness, but not pulmonary fitness. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between these two testing parameters. Methods: A cross-sectional population-based physical fitness assessment was conducted in 23 schools. The body height and weight, lung capacity, and step test results of students aged 10-18 were recorded. Criterion-referenced standards from the China Sports Bureau were adopted, as they include separate measurements for cardiovascular and pulmonary fitness. Results: The Pearson coefficients of lung capacity and the step test index from 13,028 schoolchildren ranged from 0.007 to 0.086 and from 0.026 to 0.105 for boys and girls, respectively, showing that poor correlations exist between the two parameters. Cluster analysis resulted in three clusters of children with similar characteristics. A good degree of similarity was found between the two parameters in children obtaining an “excellent” grade, but only a moderate degree of similarity between the two parameters in those obtaining a “good”, “pass” or “fail” grade. Conclusion: When cardiovascular fitness and pulmonary fitness are considered separately, there is a poor correlation between them, thus indicating further studies of cardiopulmonary fitness measurements is necessary.

关键词： Cardiovascular Fitness Pulmonary Fitness cardiorespiratory Fitness Field Assessment Schoolchildren

Land-walking vs.water-walking interventions in older adults:Effects on aerobic fitness

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2020年第3期9卷 274-282页

作者： Andrew Haynes Louise H.Naylor Howard H.Carter Angela L.Spence Elisa Robey Kay L.Cox Barbara A.Maslen Nicola T.Lautenschlager Nicola D.Ridgers Daniel J.Green School of Human Sciences(Exercise and Sport Science) The University of Western AustraliaPerthWA 6009Australia School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science Curtin UniversityPerthWA 6102Australia School of Medicine The University of Western AustraliaPerthWA 6009Australia Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age Department of PsychiatryThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVIC 3010Australia North Western Mental Health Melbourne HealthMelbourneVIC 3010Australia Division of Psychiatry WA Centre for Health&AgeingThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWA 6009Australia Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition(IPAN) School of Exercise and Nutrition SciencesDeakin UniversityGeelongVIC 3125Australia

Background:Low cardiorespiratory fitness is an independent predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality,and interventions that increase fitness reduce risk.Water-walking decreases musculoskeletal impact and risk of falls in older individuals,but it is unclear whether water-walking improves aerobic fitness in the same way as weight-dependent land-walking.This randomized controlled trial involved 3 intervention groups—a no-exercise control group(CG),a land-walking(LW)group,and a water-walking(WW)group—to investigate the comparative impacts of LWandWWto CG on fitness.Methods:Both exercise groups attended individually tailored,center-based,intensity-matched 3×weekly sessions for 24 weeks,which progressed to 150 min of exercise per week.This was followed by a 24-week no-intervention period.Maximal graded exercise tests were performed on a treadmill at Weeks 0,24,and 48.Results:Maximal oxygen uptake increased from Week 0 to Week 24 in both exercise groups(0.57±0.62 mL/kg/min,0.03±0.04 L/min for LW;0.93±0.75 mL/kg/min,0.06±0.06 L/min for WW,mean±SE)compared to the CG(-1.75±0.78 mL/kg/min,-0.16±0.05 L/min)(group×time,pcardiorespiratory fitness.

关键词： cardiorespiratory fitness Graded exercise test Physical activity Water exercise

Rationale and design of the cardiorespiratory fitness and hospitalization events in armed forces study in Eastern Taiwan

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World Journal of Cardiology 2016年第8期8卷 464-471页

作者： Gen-Min Lin Yi-Hwei Li Chung-Jen Lee Jeng-Chuan Shiang Ko-Huan Lin Kai-Wen Chen Yu-Jung Chen Ching-Fen Wu Been-Sheng Lin Yun-Shun Yu Felicia Lin Fung-Ying Su Chih-Hung Wang Department of Public Health Tzu-Chi University Department of Medicine Hualien-Armed Forces General Hospital Department of Medicine Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center Department of Nursing Tzu-Chi College of Technology Department of Medicine Mennonite Christian Hospital

AIM To investigate the association between cardiorespiratory fitness and hospitalization events in a cohort of large voluntary arm forces in Taiwan. METHODS The cardiorespiratory fitness and hospitalization events in armed forces(CHIEF) is a retrospective cohort consisting of more than 4000 professional military members aged 18-50 years in Eastern Taiwan. All participants received history taking, physical examination, chest radiography, 12-lead electrocardiography, blood tests for cell counts and fasting glucose, lipid profiles, uric acid, renal function and liver function in the Hualien Armed Forces General Hospital during 2014. In addition, participants were required to undergo two indoor resistant exercise tests including 2-min push-up and 2-min sit-up, both scored by infrared sensing, and one outdoor endurance 3000-m none weight-bearing running test, the main indicator of cardiorespiratory fitness in the Military Physical Training and Testing Center in Eastern Taiwan in 2014. RESULTS Hospitalization events for cardiovascular disease, acute kidney injury, rhabdomyolysis, severe infectious disease, acute psychiatric illness, diabetes, orthopedic surgery and mortality will be identified in the National Insurance Research Database for 10 years. CONCLUSION CHIEF will be among the largest Eastern Asian armed forces cohort, in which physical status was strictly evaluated to follow up the hospitalization events for severe illness.

关键词： cardiorespiratory fitness Hospitalization Voluntary armed forces

Design and validation of a handheld capnography device for cardiopulmonary assessment based on the Arduino platform

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2021年第6期4卷 42-54页

作者： Om Prakash Singh Ismail M.El-Badawy M.B.Malarvili Bio-signal Processing Research Group(BSPRG)School of Biosciences and Medical Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia(UTM) 81310 SkudaiJohorMalaysia Electronics and Communication Engineering Department Arab Academy for Science and Technology CairoEgypt School of Electrical Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia(UTM)81310 SkudaiJohorMalaysia Bio-Signal Processing Research Group(BSPRG)School of Biosciences and Medical Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia(UTM) 81310 SkudaiJohorMalaysia

The design of a handheld capnography device is in great demand because of its effective and practical uses in all cardiac arrest resuscitations,according to the recommendation of the American Heart Association.Herein,a handheld capnography device that can be used in clinical settings and the home environment is reported.The proposed device was developed by using an infrared CO_(2)sensor,Arduino Mega2560,and a high-resolution display(2.8").Furthermore,two rechargeable batteries(7.6 V,0.99 A)and a secure digital card with a capacity of 16 GB were incorporated to increase the portability and usability of the device.Algorithms were implemented to measure standard features,namely,inspired CO_(2)(ICO_(2)),end-tidal CO_(2)(EtCO_(2)),and re-spiratory rate(RR).The features of 15 healthy subjects were recorded by using the developed prototype and the standard capnography device(Capnostream^(TM)20 Model CS08798).Validation was performed with Bland-Altman plots.Findings revealed that mean differences±standard deviations for the set limits of ICO_(2),EtCO_(2)and RR were 0.29±1.30 millimeters of mercury(mmHg),0.15±1.77 mmHg and 0.40±0.97 breaths per minute(bpm),respectively.Most of the differences among device measurements across all features fell within the 95%limits of agreement.Thus,the developed device may help manage respiratory distress conditions in and outside of a hospital setting.

关键词： Arduino board capnogram carbon dioxide sensor cardiorespiratory monitoring system

Comparison of Neuromotor and Progressive Resistance Exercise Training to Improve Mobility and Fitness in Community-Dwelling Older Women

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Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2019年第2期1卷 124-131页

作者： Roberta Forte G.De Vito Department of Human Movement and Sports Sciences University of Rome Foro ItalicoPiazza Lauro de Bosis 1500135 RomeItaly School of Public Health Physiotherapy and Sports ScienceUniversity College DublinHealth Sciences CentreBelfieldDublin 4Ireland

Purpose Neuromotor exercise,which stimulates motor fitness components(balance,agility,coordination),has been less investigated than other forms of exercise such as resistance or aerobic training to counteract the age-related impairment in mobility.The aim of the study was to verify whether neuromotor exercise was as effective as resistance training in improving mobility and related fitness components in healthy older women.Methods Thirty-five women(mean age 69.6±3.2 years)were assigned to a neuromotor(NMT)or a progressive resistance training(PRT)group,both exercising 1 h,twice weekly for 12 weeks.The NMT group exercised static and dynamic balance,agility,speed,reaction time and coordination,while the PRT performed prevalently machine based,strengthening exercises.All participants were tested before and after the intervention for walking speed under different conditions,chair rise time,cardiorespiratory fitness,muscular strength and power.A 2×2 MANOVA and subsequent ANOVAs were performed to ascertain the effects of the two trainings.Results Similar improvements were observed for mobility(P=0.000,η^(2)_(p)=0.73)and for fitness(P=0.000,η^(2)_(p)=0.96)in both groups.Conclusions The present results suggest that in healthy older women improvements in mobility may be obtained through both strength and neuromotor exercise.The present results contribute to further our knowledge on the effects of neuromotor exercise for older people and add relevant information on exercise interventions targeting mobility in the elderly.

关键词： Neuromotor exercise Mobility Walking speed cardiorespiratory Muscle power Muscle strength

Six-Minute Walk Test in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

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Open Journal of Rheumatology and Autoimmune Diseases 2019年第1期9卷 14-24页

作者： Sandor Balsamo Ana Paula Monteiro Gomides Licia Maria Henrique da Mota Frederico Santos de Santana Raphaela Franco Miranda Talita Yokoy Luciana Muniz Leopoldo Luiz Santos-Neto Universidade de Brasília (UnB) Brasília Brazil Laboratório de Aptidã o Física e Reumatologia do Hospital Universitário de Brasília (LAR/HUB) Brasília Brazil Grupo de Estudo e Pesquisa em Exercício de Forç a e Saúde (GEPEEFS) Brasília Brazil Curso Superior de Educaç o Física Centro Universitário UNIEURO Brasília Brazil Ambulatório de Reumatologia Hospital Universitário de Brasília (HUB) Brasília Brazil

Background: The 6-minute walk test (6TC) was initially used as an instrument for assessing physical and cardiorespiratory capacity, but is currently being used to monitor treatments, and compare physical interventions and prognostic evaluation. Although already recognized as a research method in several specialties, 6TC has not been used in rheumatology. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) may have impaired functional capacity as well as increased cardiovascular mortality. An adequate functional evaluation of these patients is necessary and the 6TC may be useful in this sense. Objective: The aim of this study was to perform the 6-minute walk test in RA patients and to compare the performance with a control group. Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out in which the sample consisted of 85 women, 46 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and 39 healthy controls. A descriptive analysis of the data was performed. One-Way ANOVA methodology was used to compare the patient and control groups followed by the graphic analysis. Results: The distance walked on the 6TC by RA patients was on average 522.2 meters. In the distance control group found in the 6TC was on average 628.8 meters, the difference being statistically significant. Conclusion: In this study the distance covered in 6TC by women with RA was lower than that of healthy women of the same age.

关键词： 6-Minute Walk Test Rheumatoid Arthritis Functional Capacity Physical Capacity cardiorespiratory Capacity Person Performed