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Enigmatic Glass-Like Carbon from the Alpine Foreland, Southeast Germany: A Natural carbonization Process

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2018年第6期92卷 2179-2200页

作者： Tatyana G. SHUMILOVA Sergey I. ISAENKO Vasily V. ULYASHEV Boris A. MAKEEV Michael A. RAPPENGLüCK Aleksey A. VELIGZHANIN Kord ERNSTSON Institute of Geology of Komi Scientific Center of Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences Pervomayskaya st.54Syktyvkar167982Russia Hawaii Institute of Geophysics and Planetology University of Hawaii at Manoa1680 East-West RoadHonoluluHI96822USA Institute for Interdisciplinary Studies GilchingGermany National Research Center 《Kurchatov Institute》 Akademika Kurchatova pl.1Moscow123182Russia Faculty of Philosophy I University of WürzburgGermany

Unusual carbonaceous matter, termed here chiemite, composed of more than 90% C from the Alpine Foreland at Lake Chiemsee in Bavaria, southeastern Germany has been investigated using optical and atomic force microscopy, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, high-resolution Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and differential thermal analysis, as well as by δ13 C and 14 C radiocarbon isotopic data analysis. In the pumice-like fragments, poorly ordered carbon matter co-exists with high-ordering monocrystalline α-carbyne, and contains submicrometersized inclusions of complex composition. Diamond and carbyne add to the peculiar mix of matter. The required very high temperatures and pressures for carbyne formation point to a shock event probably from the recently proposed Holocene Chiemgau meteorite impact. The carbon material is suggested to have largely formed from heavily shocked coal, vegetation like wood, and peat from the impact target area. The carbonization/coalification high PT process may be attributed to a strong shock that instantaneously caused the complete evaporation and loss of volatile matter and water, which nevertheless preserved the original cellular structure seen fossilized in many fragments. Relatively fresh wood encapsulated in the purported strongly shocked matter point to quenched carbon melt components possibly important for the discussion of survival of organic matter in meteorite impacts, implying an astrobiological relationship.

关键词： astrobiology diamond carbyne coalification carbonization meteorite impact chiemite

Nitrogen-Doped Nanoporous Carbons through Direct carbonization of a MetaI-Biomolecule Framework for Supercapacitor

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2016年第2期34卷 203-209页

作者： Jianhui Zhang Daliang Zhang Guanghui Dai Qianrong Fang Shilun Qiu State Key Laboratory oflnorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry Jilin University Changchun Jilin 130012 China Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy Zhuhai College of Jilin University Zhuhai Guangdong 519041 China

Nitrogen-doped nanoporous carbons have been successfully synthesized by direct carbonization of a nitrogen- rich metal-biomolecule framework, zinc glutamate （Zn（HzO）（CsHyNO4）-H20）, as a template without any additional carbon or nitrogen sources. The surface area and pore size distribution of the resultant carbon materials were studied based on the carbonization temperature. These carbons exhibited high specific surface area （as high as 1619.2 m2og i for ZGC-1000）. Furthermore, ZGC-1000 also provided a large specific capacitance of 140.8 F·g^- 1 at a current density of 0.25 A·g^-1 when measured in a three-electrode system. It is believed that the presence of the nitro- gen-doped nanoporous carbons prepared from the metal-organic frameworks will further facilitate the exploration of such materials as supercapacitors.

关键词： nitrogen-doping nanoporous carbons metal-biomolecule framework carbonization supercapacitor

FACTORS AFFECTING SILICA CONTENT OF ALUMINIUM HYDROXIDE PRODUCT IN carbonization PROCESS

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 1991年第8期4卷 153-156页

作者： LIU Miaoxiu CHENG Zhaonian CHEN Nianyi Shanghai Institute of Metallurgy,Academia Sinica,Shanghai,ChinaKE Jiajun Institute of Chemical Metallurgy,Academia Sinica,Beijing,China Acad Sinica Shanghai China

The regularity of the carbonization process in alumina production has been summarized by the pattern recognition and regression.A mathematical model has been proposed to describe the factors affecting the silica content of aluminium hydroxide product.The high concentration of aluminate ions in solution will produce aluminium hydroxide with low content of SiO_2 under the condition of Al_2O_3/SiO_2 ratio kept unchanged.This was confirmed by certain scale experiments.

关键词： carbonization silica content alumina pattern recognition

SPECTRAL STUDY OF carbonization PROCESS IN ALUMINA PRODUCTION

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 1994年第2期4卷 18-20,24页

作者： Hong, Mei Liu, Miaoxiu Zhang, Weiming Zhao, Peifang Chen, Nianyi Shanghai Inst of Metallurgy Shanghai China

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关键词： carbonization spectra reaction rnechanism

Upgrading the Quality of Solid Fuel Made from Nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum) Wastes Using Hydrothermal carbonization Treatment

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Energy Engineering 2021年第1期118卷 189-197页

作者： Riina Syivarulli Nugroho Agung Pambudi Mochamad Syamsiro Lip Huat Saw Graduate Program of Vocational Teacher Education Sebelas Maret UniversitySurakarta57126Indonesia Department of Mechanical Engineering Education Sebelas Maret UniversitySurakarta57126Indonesia Department of Mechanical Engineering Janabadra UniversityYogyakarta55231Indonesia Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science UTARKajang43000Malaysia

One of the major problems faced in managing biomass waste to higher quality products is choosing the right technology.Wastes are used as an alternative fuel,with increase in the calorific value.Hydrothermal carbonization(HTC)is a biomass conversion technology,used to obtain solid fuel.This study aims to utilize of Calophyllum inophyllum as an alternative solid fuel through HTC.The calorific value and proximate of the hydrochar will be determined and analyzed to find out its quality.The experiments were carried out at temperature variations of 160℃,190℃,and 220℃ and holding times of 30 and 60 minutes.The results show that an increase in temperature and holding time causes a decline in the moisture content 1.87%,volatile matter 54.03%,and ash content 12.35%,respectively,leading to elevations in the fixed carbon at 31.75%.In addition,the highest calorific value of 4149 Kcal/Kg was produced at a temperature of 220℃,within a holding time of 60 minutes.The results showed a significant increase in the quality of solid fuels between 3500–4611 Kcal/Kg in accordance with the American Standard Testing and Materials(ASTM).Therefore,this research leads to an important finding that Calophyllum inophyllum waste through the HTC process can be used as an alternative fuel to substitute lignite coal,which is environmentally friendly.

关键词： Hydrothermal carbonization solid fuel Calophyllum inophyllum Nyamplung

Composite adsorbents of CaCI2 and sawdust prepared by carbonization for ammonia adsorption refrigeration

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Frontiers in Energy 2012年第4期6卷 356-360页

作者： Huashan LI Xianbiao BU Lingbao WANG Zhenneng LU Weibin MA Key Laboratory of Renewabie Energyand Gas Hydrate Guangzhou Institute of Energy ConversionChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510640China Graduate University of Chinese Academyof Sciences Beijing 100049China Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy and Gas Hydrate Guangzhou Institute of Energy ConversionChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510640China

Composite adsorbents of CaC12 and sawdust prepared by carbonization for adsorption refrigeration with NH3 as refrigerant are tested, and the effects of carboniza tion temperature on the sorption capacity and rate are analyzed. The results show that the amount of pores in the sawdust of the composite adsorbents carbonized, apart from the content of CaCI2, is the most dominant factor influencing the NH3 sorption on composite adsorbents. The optimum carbonization temperature is 700℃, which gives the maximal NH3 sorption capacity as high as 0.774 kg of NH3 per kg of the composite, and the specific cooling power is approximately between 338 and 869 W/kg with the cycle duration varying from 5 to 20 minutes. The present study demonstrates that the composite absorbent of CaC12 and sawdust prepared by carbonization is more promising and competitive for adsorption refrigeration application.

关键词： Keywords adsorption refrigeration composite adsorbent,calcium chloride sawdust carbonization

Fabrication of Fe/C Composites as Effective Electromagnetic Wave Absorber by carbonization of Pre-magnetized Natural Wood Fibers

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Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts 2019年第1期4卷 43-50页

作者： Zhichao LOU Weikai WANG Chenglong YUAN Yao ZHANG Yanjun LI Lintian YANG College of Materials Science and Engineering Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037China State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and DevicesSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing 210096China

With the increasing usage of varied electronic devices,the induced electromagnetic interference(EMI)irradiation pollution has become a novel environmental pollution besides of water and air pollutions,drawing a great of interests from the scientists to address EMW radiation problem via designing various electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorbers,which is supposed to be with lightweight,thin thickness,wide effective absorbing bandwidth and strong absorbing capacity.One kind of the most attractive absorbers is magnetic carbon composites.Here,we successfully synthesized porous structural C/Fe composites by in-situ carbonization of pre-prepared Fe_(3)O_(4)/wood fibers at 1000℃.The EMW absorption property of C/Fe composites is excellent with a minimum RL value of-32.67 dB at 9.86 GHz,a matching thickness of 2.2 mm and a wide response bandwidth of 14.5 GHz.This excellent absorption performance is proved to be due to the continuous network of Fe_(3)O_(4)/Fe/Fe_(3)C hybrids,permitting optimal impedance matching,the strongest dielectric loss and the optimal magnetic loss.Moreover,the interface polarizations of Fe-Fe_(3)C and Fe_(3)O_(4)-Fe interfaces,are positive to improve the microwave absorption performance.

关键词： carbonization magnetic bio-char electromagnetic wave absorption cementite composite

carbonization kinetics of La_2O_3-Mo cathode materials

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 2001年第4期11卷 496-498页

作者：王金淑周美玲左铁镛张久兴聂祚仁胡延槽北京工业大学材料学院北京 100022

The carbonization kinetics of La 2O 3 Mo cathode materials was studied by thermal analysis method. Three stage model of the carbonization was presented. The carbonization rate is initially controlled by chemical reaction, then by chemical reaction mixed with diffusion, finally by diffusion. The experimental data are processed according to this model and the correlation coefficients of the kinetic curves are satisfactory. The apparent activation energy of carbonization of La 2O 3 Mo cathode materials was obtained. At the same time, the empirical expressions of the rate constant against temperature in the temperature range of 1?393～1?493?K were deduced.

关键词： carbonization cathode kinetics

Template synthesis of copper azide primary explosive through Cu2O@HKUST-1 core-shell composite prepared by “bottle around ship” method

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2023年第7期25卷 99-111页

作者： Xu-wen Liu Yan Hu Jia-heng Hu Jia-xin Su Cai-min Yang Ying-hua Ye Rui-qi Shen School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing210094China Micro-Nano Energetic Devices Key Laboratory Ministry of Industry and Information TechnologyNanjing210094China

Copper azide(CA), as a primary explosive with high energy density, has not been practically used so far because of its high electrostatic sensitivity. The Cu2O@HKUST-1 core-shell structure hybrid material was synthesized by the “bottle around ship” methodology in this research by regulating the dissolution rate of Cu2O and the generation rate of metal-organic framework(MOF) materials. Cu2O@HKUST-1 was carbonized to form a Cu O@porous carbon(CuO@PC) composite material. CuO@PC was synthesized into a copper azide(CA) @PC composite energetic material through a gas-solid phase in-situ azidation reaction.CA is encapsulated in PC framework, which acts as a nanoscale Faraday cage, and its excellent electrical conductivity prevents electrostatic charges from accumulating on the energetic material’s surface. The CA@PC composite energetic material has a CA content of 89.6%, and its electrostatic safety is nearly 30times that of pure CA(1.47 mJ compared to 0.05 mJ). CA@PC delivers an outstanding balance of safety and energy density compared to similar materials.

关键词： Composite energetic materials Copper azide carbonization Template method Core-shell composite Electrostatic safety