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Forest structure and carbon dynamics of an intact lowland mixed dipterocarp forest in Brunei Darussalam

Journal of Forestry Research 2018年第1期29卷 199-203页

作者： Sohye Lee Jongyeol Lee Seongjun Kim Yujin Roh Kamariah Abu Salim Woo-Kyun Lee Yowhan Son Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering Graduate School Korea University Environmental and Life Sciences Faculty of ScienceUniversiti Brunei Darussalam Department of Biological of Environmental Sciences Qatar University

Tropical forests play a critical role in mitigating climate change because they account for large amount o terrestrial carbon storage and ***,there are many uncertainties associated with the estimation o carbon *** estimated forest structure and carbon dynamics along a slope（17.3°–42.8°）and to assess the relations between forest structures,carbon dynamics,and slopes in an intact lowland mixed dipterocarp forest,in Kuala Belalong,Brunei *** biomass,basa area,stand density,crown properties,and tree family composition were measured for forest *** rate,litter production,and litter decomposition rates were also measured for carbon *** crown form index and the crown position index were used to assess crown properties,which we categorized into five stages,from very poor to *** living biomass,basal area and stand density were 261.5–940.7 Mg ha-1,43.6–63.6 m2ha-1and 6,675–8400 tree ha-1,*** average crown form and position index were 4,which means that the crown are mostly symmetrical and sufficiently exposed for *** mean biomass growth rate,litter production,litter decomposition rate were estimated as11.9,11.6 Mg ha-1a-1,and 7.2 g a-1,*** growth rate was significantly correlated with living biomass,basal area,and crown *** form appeared to strongly influence living biomass,basal area and biomass growth rate in terms of light ***,basal area,stand density,crown properties,and biomass growth rate did not vary by slope or tree family *** results indicate that carbon accumulation by tree growth in an intact lowland mixed dipterocarp forest depends on crown *** of any effect of tree family composition on carbon accumulation suggests that the main driver of biomass accumulation in old-growth forests of Borneo is not species-specific characteristics of tree species.

关键词： carbon dynamics Growth rate Litter flux Lowland mixed dipterocarp forest Slope

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Effect of Atmospheric CO_2 Enrichment on Soil Respiration in Winter Wheat Growing Seasons of a Rice-Wheat Rotation System

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Pedosphere 2013年第6期23卷 752-766页

作者： SUN Hui-Feng ZHU Jian-Guo XIE Zu-Bin LIU Gang TANG Hao-Ye State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Jiangsu Biochar Engineering Center

Studies on the effect of elevated CO2 on C dynamics in cultivated croplands are critical to a better understanding of the C cycling in response to climate change in agroecosystems. To evaluate the effects of elevated CO2 and different N fertilizer application levels on soil respiration, winter wheat （Triticum aestivum L. cv. Yangmai 14） plants were exposed to either ambient CO2 or elevated CO2 （ambient [CO2] ＋ 200 μmol mol-1）, under N fertilizer application levels of 112.5 and 225 kg N ha-1 （as low N and normal N subtreatments, respectively）, for two growing seasons （2006-2007 and 2007-2008） in a rice-winter wheat rotation system typical in China. A split-plot design was adopted. A root exclusion method was used to partition soil respiration （RS） into heterotrophic respiration （RH） and autotrophic respiration （RA）. Atmospheric CO2 enrichment increased seasonal cumulative RS by 11.8% at low N and 5.6% at normal N when averaged over two growing seasons. Elevated CO2 significantly enhanced （P 〈 0.05） RS （12.7%）, mainly due to the increase in RH （caused by decomposition of larger amounts of rice residue under elevated CO2） during a relative dry season in 2007-2008. Higher N supply also enhanced RS under ambient and elevated CO2. In the 2007-2008 season, normal N treatment had a significant positive effect （P 〈 0.01） on seasonal cumulative RS relative to low N treatment when averaged across CO2 levels （16.3%）. A significant increase in RA was mainly responsible for the enhanced RS under higher N supply. The correlation （r2） between RH and soil temperature was stronger （P 〈 0.001） than that between RS and soil temperature when averaged across all treatments in both seasons. Seasonal patterns of RA may be more closely related to the plant phenology than soil temperature. The Q10 （the multiplier to the respiration rate for a 10 ℃ increase in soil temperature） values of RS and RH were not affected by elevated CO2 or higher N supply. These results mainly suggested that the i

关键词： autotrophic respiration carbon dynamics heterotrophic respiration N fertilization soil temperature

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Effects of nitrogen deposition on the carbon budget and water stress in Central Asia under climate change

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Journal of Arid Land 2024年第8期16卷 1118-1129页

作者： HAN Qifei XU Wei LI Chaofan School of Geographical Sciences Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China

Atmospheric deposition of nitrogen(N)plays a significant role in shaping the structure and functioning of various terrestrial ecosystems ***,the magnitude of N deposition on grassland ecosystems in Central Asia still remains highly *** this study,a multi-data approach was adopted to analyze the distribution and amplitude of N deposition effects in Central Asia from 1979 to 2014 using a process-based denitrification decomposition(DNDC)*** showed that total vegetation carbon(C)in Central Asia was 0.35(±0.09)Pg C/a and the averaged water stress index(WSI)was 0.20(±0.02)for the whole *** N deposition led to an increase in the vegetation C of 65.56(±83.03)Tg C and slightly decreased water stress in Central *** of this study will expand both our understanding and predictive capacity of C characteristics under future increases in N deposition,and also serve as a valuable reference for decision-making regarding water resources management and climate change mitigation in arid and semi-arid areas globally.

关键词： carbon dynamics climate change grassland ecosystems nitrogen deposition water stress index

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Extrapolating plot-scale CO_(2) and ozone enrichment experimental results to novel conditions and scales using mechanistic modeling

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Ecological Processes 2018年第1期7卷 348-367页

作者： Eric J.Gustafson Mark E.Kubiske Brian R.Miranda Yasutomo Hoshika Elena Paoletti Institute for Applied Ecosystem Studies Northern Research StationUSDA Forest Service5985 Highway KRhinelanderWIUSA Institute of Sustainable Plant Protection National Council of ResearchVia Madonna del Piano 1050019 Sesto FiorentinoItaly

Introduction:The Aspen-FACE experiment was an 11-year study of the effect of elevated CO_(2) and ozone(alone and in combination)on the growth of model aspen communities(pure aspen,aspen-birch,and aspen-maple)in the field in northern Wisconsin,*** remains about how these short-term plotlevel responses might play out over broader temporal and spatial scales where climate change,competition,succession,and disturbances interact with tree-level *** this study,we used a new physiologybased approach(PnET-Succession v3.1)within the forest landscape model LANDIS-II to extrapolate the FACE results to broader temporal scales(and ultimately to landscape scale)by mechanistically accounting for the globally changing drivers of temperature,precipitation,CO_(2),and *** added novel algorithms to the model to mechanistically simulate the effects of ozone on photosynthesis through ozone-induced impairment of stomatal control(i.e.,stomatal sluggishness)and damage of photosynthetic capacity at the chloroplast ***:We calibrated the model to empirical observations of competitive interactions on the elevated CO_(2) and O_(3) plots of the Aspen-FACE experiment and successfully validated it on the combined factor *** used the validated model to extend the Aspen-FACE experiment for 80 *** only aspen clones competed,we found that clone 271 always dominated,although the ozone-tolerant clone was co-dominant when ozone was *** all treatments,when aspen clone 216 and birch competed,birch was always dominant or co-dominant,and when clone 216 and maple competed,clone 216 was dominant,although maple was able to grow steadily because of its shade *** also predicted long-term competitive outcomes for novel assemblages of taxa under each treatment and discovered that future composition and dominant taxa depend on treatment,and that short-term trends do not always persist in the long ***:We identified the strengths and weakne

关键词： Scaling Global change Elevated CO_(2) Ozone pollution Aspen-FACE Forest composition carbon dynamics Forest landscape modeling LANDIS-II PnET-succession

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Soil Microbial Activities in Beech Forests Under Natural Incubation Conditions as Affected by Global Warming

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Pedosphere 2014年第6期24卷 709-721页

作者： S.LU Q.WANG S.KATAHATA M.NARAMOTO H.MIZUNAGA Graduate School of Science and Technology Shizuoka University Graduate School of Agriculture Shizuoka University

Microbial activity in soil is known to be controlled by various factors. However, the operating mechanisms have not yet been clearly identified, particularly under climate change conditions, although they are crucial for understanding carbon dynamics in terrestrial ecosystems. In this study, a natural incubation experiment was carried out using intact soil cores transferred from high altitude(1 500 m) to low(900 m) altitude to mimic climate change scenarios in a typical cold-temperate mountainous area in Japan. Soil microbial activities, indicated by substrate-induced respiration(SIR) and metabolic quotient(q CO2), together with soil physicalchemical properties(abiotic factors) and soil functional enzyme and microbial properties(biotic factors), were investigated throughout the growing season in 2013. Results of principal component analysis(PCA) indicated that soil microbial biomass carbon(MBC) andβ-glucosidase activity were the most important factors characterizing the responses of soil microbes to global warming. Although there was a statistical difference of 2.82 ℃ between the two altitudes, such variations in soil physical-chemical properties did not show any remarkable effect on soil microbial activities, suggesting that they might indirectly impact carbon dynamics through biotic factors such as soil functional enzymes. It was also found that the biotic factors mainly controlled soil microbial activities at elevated temperature,which might trigger the inner soil dynamics to respond to the changing environment. Future studies should hence take more biotic variables into account for accurately projecting the responses of soil metabolic activities to climate change.

关键词： biotic factors carbon dynamics metabolic quotient microbial biomass soil enzymes soil respiration

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dynamics of dead wood decay in Swiss forests

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Forest Ecosystems 2020年第3期7卷 462-477页

作者： Oleksandra Hararuk Werner A.Kurz Markus Didion Department of Biology University of Central Florida4110 Libra DrOrlandoFL32816USA Pacific Forestry Centre 506 Burnside Road WestVictoriaBritish ColumbiaV8Z 1M5Canada Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL Zürcherstrasse 1118903BirmensdorfSwitzerland

Background: Forests are an important component of the global carbon(C) cycle and can be net sources or sinks of CO2, thus mitigating or exacerbating the effects of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. While forest productivity is often inferred from national-scale yield tables or from satellite products, forest C emissions resulting from dead organic matter decay are usually simulated, therefore it is important to ensure the accuracy and reliability of a model used to simulate organic matter decay at an appropriate scale. National Forest Inventories(NFIs) provide a record of carbon pools in ecosystem components, and these measurements are essential for evaluating rates and controls of C dynamics in forest ecosystems. In this study we combine the observations from the Swiss NFIs and machine learning techniques to quantify the decay rates of the standing snags and downed logs and identify the main controls of dead wood ***: We found that wood decay rate was affected by tree species, temperature, and precipitation. Dead wood originating from Fagus sylvatica decayed the fastest, with the residence times ranging from 27 to 54 years at the warmest and coldest Swiss sites, respectively. Hardwoods at wetter sites tended to decompose faster compared to hardwoods at drier sites, with residence times 45–92 and 62–95 years for the wetter and drier sites, *** wood originating from softwood species had the longest residence times ranging from 58 to 191 years at wetter sites and from 78 to 286 years at drier ***: This study illustrates how long-term dead wood observations collected and remeasured during several NFI campaigns can be used to estimate dead wood decay parameters, as well as gain understanding about controls of dead wood dynamics. The wood decay parameters quantified in this study can be used in carbon budget models to simulate the decay dynamics of dead wood, however more measurements(e.g. of soil C dynamics at the same plots)

关键词： carbon residence time carbon dynamics National Forest Inventory

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Multi-scale processes influencing global carbon storage and land-carbon-climate nexus:A critical review

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Pedosphere 2023年第2期33卷 250-267页

作者： Owais Ali WANI Shamal Shasang KUMAR Nazir HUSSAIN Anas Ibni Ali WANI Subhash BABU Parvej ALAM Megna RASHID Simona Mariana POPESCU Sheikh MANSOOR Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology(SKUAST)Kashmir 193201(India) Division of Agronomy SKUASTKashmir 193201(India) Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University Katra 182301(India) Division of Agronomy ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research InstituteNew Delhi 110012(India) Department of Biology College of Science and HumanitiesPrince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz UniversityAlkharj 11942(Saudi Arabia) Faculty of Forestry SKUASTKashmir 191201(India) Department of Biology and Environmental Engineering University of CraiovaCraiova 200585(Romania) Division of Biochemistry Faculty of Basic SciencesSKUASTJammu 180009(India)

carbon(C)is a key constitutive element in living organisms(plants,microbes,animals,and humans).carbon is also a basic component of agriculture because it plays a dynamic role in crop growth,development,nutrient cycling,soil fertility,and other agricultural *** presence of C enhances soil physical,chemical,and biological *** C cycle supports all life on the Earth by transferring C between living organisms and the *** global climate is changing,and this change is attributable to the release of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases from human *** to the global climate change,agriculture is expected to be majorly *** production is directly linked to the *** five main global C pools are the oceanic,geologic,pedologic,atmospheric,and biotic pools,with specific reservoirs and inter-pool *** soil organic matter has various organic C pools(active,slow,and passive pools),containing various C-based fractions and specific liability ***,geology,land use,and management techniques are some of the variables that affect organic C and its *** dynamics of each of these variables must be understood for a thorough knowledge of how they impact the soil C pools and storage capacity under the changing climate *** review provides a comprehensive overview of the various factors that affect soil C pools/fractions and their C sequestration capacity.

关键词： carbon dynamics carbon pools carbon sequestration climate change climate-smart agriculture land use management practice soil organic carbon

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Assessing spatiotemporal variations of forest carbon density using bi-temporal discrete aerial laser scanning data in Chinese boreal forests

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Forest Ecosystems 2023年第5期10卷 547-560页

作者： Zhiyong Qi Shiming Li Yong Pang Guang Zheng Dan Kong Zengyuan Li Research Institute of Forest Resource Information Techniques Chinese Academy of ForestryBeijing100091China Key Laboratory of Forestry Remote Sensing and Information System National Forestry and Grassland AdministrationBeijing100091China National Forestry and Grassland Science Data Center Beijing100091China International Institute for Earth System Science Nanjing UniversityNanjing210023China

Assessing the changes in forest carbon stocks over time is critical for monitoring carbon dynamics,estimating the balance between carbon uptake and release from forests,and providing key insights into climate change *** this study,we quantitatively characterized spatiotemporal variations in aboveground carbon density(ACD)in boreal natural forests in the Greater Khingan Mountains(GKM)region using bi-temporal discrete aerial laser scanning(ALS)data acquired in 2012 and ***,we evaluated the transferability of the proposed design model using forest field plot data and produced a wall-to-wall map of ACD changes for the entire study area from 2012 to 2016 at a grid size of 30 *** addition,we investigated the relationships between carbon dynamics and the dominant tree species,age groups,and topography of undisturbed forested areas to better understand ACD variations by employing heterogeneous forest canopy structural *** results showed that the performance of the temporally transferable model(R^(2)=0.87,rRMSE=18.25%),which included stable variables,was statistically equivalent to that obtained from the model fitted directly by the 2016 field plots(R^(2)=0.87,rRMSE=17.47%).The average rate of change in carbon sequestration across the entire study region was 1.35 Mg⋅ha^(-1)⋅year^(-1) based on the changes in ALS-based ACD values over the course of four *** relative change rates of ACD decreased as the elevation increased,with the highest and lowest ACD growth rates occurring in the middle-aged and mature forest stands,*** Gini coefficient,which represents forest canopy surface structure heterogeneity,is sensitive to carbon dynamics and is a reliable predictor of the relative change rate of *** study demonstrated the applicability of bi-temporal ALS for predicting forest carbon dynamics and fine-scale spatial change *** research contributed to a better understanding of the in-fluence of remote sensing-derive

关键词： Aboveground carbon density Bi-temporal ALS carbon dynamics Temporal transferability Gini coefficient

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carbon storage in a wolfberry plantation chronosequence established on a secondary saline land in an arid irrigated area of Gansu Province,China

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Journal of Arid Land 2018年第2期10卷 202-216页

作者： MA Quanlin WANG Yaolin LI Yinke SUN Tao Eleanor MILNE State Key Laboratory of Desertification and Aeolian Sand Disaster Combating Gansu Desert Control Research InstituteLanzhou 730070China Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory Colorado State UniversityFort Collins CO 80523-1499USA

carbon（C） storage has received significant attention for its relevance to agricultural security and climate change. Afforestation can increase C storage in terrestrial ecosystems, and has been recognized as an important measure to offset CO_2 emissions. In order to analyze the C benefits of planting wolfberry（Lycium barbarum L.） on the secondary saline lands in arid areas, we conducted a case study on the dynamics of biomass carbon（BC） storage and soil organic carbon（SOC） storage in different-aged wolfberry plantations（4-, 7-and 11-year-old） established on a secondary saline land as well as on the influence of wolfberry plantations on C storage in the plant-soil system in an arid irrigated area（Jingtai County） of Gansu Province, China. The C sequestration and its potential in the wolfberry plantations of Gansu Province were also evaluated. An intact secondary saline land was selected as control. Results show that wolfberry planting could decrease soil salinity, and increase BC, SOC and litter C storage of the secondary saline land significantly, especially in the first 4 years after planting. The aboveground and belowground BC storage values in the intact secondary saline land（control） accounted for only 1.0% and 1.2% of those in the wolfberry plantations, respectively. Compared to the intact secondary saline land, the SOC storage values in the 4-, 7-and 11-year-old wolfberry plantations increased by 36.4%, 37.3% and 43.3%, respectively, and the SOC storage in the wolfberry plantations occupied more than 92% of the ecosystem C storage. The average BC and SOC sequestration rates of the wolfberry plantations for the age group of 0–11 years were 0.73 and 3.30 Mg C/（hm^2·a）, respectively. There were no significant difference in BC and SOC storage between the 7-year-old and 11-year-old wolfberry plantations, which may be due in part to the large amounts of C offtakes in new branches and fruits. In Gansu Province, the C storage in the wolfberry plantations has reached up

关键词： Lycium barbaum biomass carbon soil organic carbon carbon sequestration potential secondary saline land wolfberry plantation carbon dynamics

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Effect of wood density and water permeability on wood decomposition rates of 32 bornean rainforest trees

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2014年第4期7卷 356-363页

作者： Sanae Mori Akira Itoh Satoshi Nanami Sylvester Tan Lucy Chong Takuo Yamakura Laboratory of Plant Ecology Graduate School of ScienceOsaka City UniversitySugimoto 3-3-138Sumiyoshi-kuOsaka 558-8585Japan Center for Tropical Forest Science Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute and the Arnold ArboretumHarvard University22 Divinity AvenueCambridgeMA 02138USA Applied Forest Science and Industry Development Sarawak Forestry CorporationJalan TapangKota SentosaKuching 93250SarawakMalaysia

Aims a better understanding of wood litter decomposition is essential for predicting responses of forest ecosystems to global climate *** studies suggest that chemical properties of wood litters,rather than physical ones such as wood density,are more important for inter-specific differences in wood decomposition ***,empirical data are still limited,especially for tropical *** addition,decom-position rate of wood litter often varies with time,which makes inter-specific comparison *** studied the wood decomposition of 32 rainforest trees to elucidate(i)the degree of interspecific variation in wood decomposition rate of a given size and configuration and(ii)if initial wood density and water permeability are consistent predictors of the overall decomposition rate and its pattern over *** a common garden decomposition experiment was conducted in a tropical rainforest in malaysian borneo for 32 native tree *** wood sticks were set on the forest floor and the weight loss was monitored monthly for 2.7 *** Findings We found large variation in the wood decomposition rate(a 49-fold range),suggesting that we need to consider this variation when cal-culating community-level carbon dynamics of tropical rain *** physical traits of wood,*** density and water permeability,were related to wood decomposition rate and its pattern over *** half-time related positively and negatively to initial wood density and water permeability,*** time-dependentrate model fitted better for 18 species(56%of the study species)that had higher water permeabilities than the others,suggesting that micelle porosity in wood relates to temporal changes in decomposition rate.

关键词： Sarawak carbon dynamics fine wood litter wood density tropical rain forest

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