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李四光倡导中国地热能开发利用40周年纪念大会暨中国地热发展研讨会

作者： Caixia Sun Shaanxi Green Energy Geothermal Development Co.,Ltd

The Clean Development Mechanism(CDM) established under the guiding principles of the Kyoto Protocol has encouraged organizations in developed nations to fund geothermal projects in developing *** CDM can in that way promote and/or accelerate the development of geothermal energy utilization in developing *** a result CDM is becoming a very powerful incentive for geothermal projects. At last,the geothermal industry can participate in CDM on a full *** environment that the CDM has created,the ability to sell carbon credits,is an important additional revenue stream contributing to the development of commercial scale geothermal projects and makes a number of geothermal projects attractive that have hitherto been *** premier Wen Jiabao committed carbon reduction on Copenhagen Climate Change Conference,the whole country is making great efforts on promoting development of carbon emission reduction. In the meantime,as a developing country,we have the opportunity to get carbon credits from Clean Development Mechanism(CDM),which is a mechanism in the Kyoto protocol to ensure development of greenhouse gas(GHG) emission reducing projects in developing *** objective of CDM is to contribute to a sustainable development in developing countries and ensure that GHG emission reductions take place at the lowest possible ***,There are two other mechanisms in the Kyoto Protocol,which are Emission Trading and Joint Implementation for Annex I countries with mandatory carbon reduction target. The first project of the company was the construction of a geothermal district heating system in the city of Xianyang in Shaanxi Province,*** geothermal heating system is replacing coal burning facilities,thereby significandy reducing emission in the *** approval of the CDM methodology AM0072,Fossil Fuel Displacement by Geothermal Resources for Space Heating,will give the district heating project in Xianyang a new economy,which will

关键词： CDM Geothermal Development carbon credits District Heating CER

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carbon mitigation potential of different forest ecosystems under climate change and various managements in Italy

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Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2015年第8期1卷 1-10页

作者： C.Calfapietra A.Barbati L.Perugini B.Ferrari G.Guidolotti A.Quatrini P.Corona Institute of Agro-environmental and Forest Biology National Research Council(BAF-CNR)Porano(TR)05010 Italy Czechglobe Global Change Research CentreAcademy of Scences of the Czech RepublicBmo 60300 Czech Republic Department for Innovation in Biological Agro food and Forest SystemsDIBAEUniversity of TusciaViterbo 01100 Italy Consiglio per la ricerca in agnicoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria Foresty Research Centre(CREA-SEL)Arezzo 52100 Italy

This study reviews carbon stocks and carbon dynamics in diferent types of forest land in Italy:ordinary managed forests,forest plantations,old growth forests,and trees outside *** management,combined with global environmental changes,increases the capacity of carbon uptake of ordinary managed *** plantations,particularly the ones subject to short-rotation forestry systems,potentially have high soil carbon accumulation,especially in agricultural *** growth forests,recently discovered as a carbon sink,cover a significant surface area in ***,the trees outside forests may represent a sensible carbon stock,especially in the context of urban *** study points out the management actions that can be implemented in Italy to increase the carbon stocks of different forest ecosystems,such as increasing the mean annual increment in managed forests,enhancement of the national network of old growth forests,and expansion of forest plantations in suitable *** aspects have important implications after the recent recognition of the Land Use,Land Use Change and Forestry sector in the EU target within the 2030 Climate and Energy Policy Framework.

关键词： carbon credits forest management Italy old growth forests short-rotation forestry trees outside forests.

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The new economy of nature:can carbon pay for nature conservation? The case of the Hong Kong Country Parks

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Ecological Economy 2010年第2期6卷 115-130页

作者： Claudio O.DELANG Department of Geography and Resource Management Chinese University of Hong Kong

The Country Parks of Hong Kong occupy 40%of the total landmass of Hong Kong,and consists of vast areas of secondary woodlands,scrublands,grasslands,and *** vegetation-and the soil underneathsubtract carbon from the atmosphere,which has a market *** aim of this paper is to estimate the value of that carbon,to assess whether that value would be sufficient to pay for the upkeep of the Country Parks,and to compare that value to the costs of alternative ways to reduce atmospheric carbon *** do this,we compare the land cover of 1978,1991,1997 and 2004 using remote sensing,and identify the three predominant land covers(woodlands,scrublands,grasslands) .We then estimate the amount and value of the carbon sequestered by the vegetation and soil of the Country Parks,and compare it to the budget available to the Agriculture,Fisheries and Conservation Department to run the Country Parks(HK$234 million in 2009/2010) .We extrapolate our results over 50 years,from 1978 to *** conclude that by 2028 the carbon sequestered would be valued over HK$800 million,but the value of the additional carbon subtracted yearly would only cover approximately 7%of the total budget needed to run the Country *** also conclude that because of the large budget allocated to the Country Parks,alternative methods of carbon sequestration-represented by the EU ETS price of carbon-are much cheaper.

关键词： Hong Kong Country Parks Protected areas carbon sequestration carbon credits

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Spatiotemporal Monitoring for Deforestation and Forest Degradation Activities in Selected Areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK)

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International Journal of Geosciences 2016年第10期7卷 1191-1207页

作者： Saif ur Rehman Khalid Mobushir Riaz Khan Muhammad Usman Muhammad Waqar Yasin Muhammad Shahid Iqbal Department of Geo-Informatics Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi Pakistan

The global significance of forest ecosystems requires precise determination of the amount of carbon stored in different forest ecosystems. Regular monitoring of forests can aid in designing efficient climate change control strategies at national and global scale specially in reducing emissions from deforestation and degradation strategies. This research is designed to focus on determining deforestation of study area from 2001 to 2011 using Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques. This research provided rate and amount of degradation of forests in the study area and was quite helpful in formulating a strategy to earn carbon credits consistently and, therefore, will help in the uplifting of the standards of local population.

关键词： Deforestation Degradation carbon credits Climate Change

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Economic Viability Analysis of Investment Alternatives for the Use of Biogas in a Pig Farming in the Middle East Area of Brazil

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Journal of Energy and Power Engineering 2013年第8期7卷 1433-1439页

作者： Elder Geraldo Domingues1 Tauler Teixeira Borges Wilson Bueno Garces Junio~ Aylton Jose Alves Wesley Pacheco Calixto Jose Luis Domingos Nucleus of Research and Extension in Sustainable Process Technology Federal Institute of Goias Goiania 74(~00 Brazil Agro-industrial Chemical Technology Federal Institute of Goias Goiania 74900 Brazil

This paper presents an economic viability analysis of two investment alternatives for a pig farming located in the city of Jatai, Goias State, Brazil. The first investment alternative consists of the implementation of a biodigester, being the biogas burned in a flare. The second alternative also consists of a biodigester, nevertheless the produced biogas is used to generate electricity. The methodologies to estimate the methane production in anaerobic reactors are presented, as well as those for the quantification of the baseline and project emissions and of the electricity that can be generated. The results showed that the use of biogas for the electricity generation is the alternative more economically viable.

关键词： Renewable energy biogas pig farming carbon credits economic viability.

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