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Rice canopy temperature is affected by nitrogen fertilizer

Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第3期23卷 824-835页

作者： Min Jiang Zhang Chen Yuan Li Xiaomin Huang Lifen Huang Zhongyang Huo Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Agricultural College Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China Jiangsu Co-lnnovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China

canopy temperature strongly influences crop yield formation and is closely related to plant physiological ***, the effects of nitrogen treatment on canopy temperature and rice growth have yet to be comprehensively examined. We conducted a two-year field experiment with three rice varieties(HD-5, NJ-9108, and YJ-805) and three nitrogen treatments(zero-N control(CK), 200 kg ha~(–1)(MN), and 300 kg ha~(–1)(HN)). We measured canopy temperature using a drone equipped with a high-precision camera at the six stages of the growth period. Generally,canopy temperature was significantly higher for CK than for MN and HN during the tillering, jointing, booting, and heading stages. The temperature was not significantly different among the nitrogen treatments between the milky and waxy stages. The canopy temperature of different rice varieties was found to follow the order: HD-5>NJ-9108>YJ-805, but the difference was not significant. The canopy temperature of rice was mainly related to plant traits, such as shoot fresh weight(correlation coefficient r=–0.895), plant water content(–0.912), net photosynthesis(–0.84), stomatal conductance(–0.91), transpiration rate(–0.90), and leaf stomatal area(–0.83). A structural equation model(SEM) showed that nitrogen fertilizer was an important factor affecting the rice canopy *** study revealed:(1) A suite of plant traits was associated with the nitrogen effects on canopy temperature,(2) the heading stage was the best time to observe rice canopy temperature, and(3) at that stage, canopy temperature was negatively correlated with rice yield, panicle number, and grain number per panicle. This study suggests that canopy temperature can be a convenient and accurate indicator of rice growth and yield prediction.

关键词： canopy temperature rice physiological and biochemical characteristics yield

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Stomatal conductivity, canopy temperature and evapotranspiration of maize (Zea mays L.) to water stress in Northeast China

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2021年第2期14卷 112-119页

作者： Haijun Liu Zhuangzhuang Gao Liwei Zhang Yu Liu Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Hydrological Cycle and Sponge City Technology College of Water SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China School of Civil Engineering and Hydraulic Engineering Ningxia UniversityYinchuan 750021China

The Northeast China Plain(NECP)is one of the main maize(Zea mays L.)production regions in China but is now subject to drought because of climate change and a rain-fed cultivation system.A two-year experiment was conducted in a typical maize cultivation region in the NECP to investigate the responses of plant physiological factors and evapotranspiration(ET)to water stresses at different growth *** show that the responses of plant physiological factors to water stress can be divided into three levels based on soil water content(SWC)in the main root zone:when SWC was greater than 0.22 cm^(3)/cm^(3)(equivalent to 62%field capacity(FC)),stomatal conductivity(gs)and ET reached their highest values,and the canopy temperature(Tc)was close to the air temperature;when SWC was within 0.15-0.22 cm^(3)/cm^(3)(43%-62%FC),the gs and ET decreased,and Tc increased as SWC decreased;and when SWC was lower than 0.15 cm^(3)/cm^(3)(canopy temperature to air temperature(RT),is closely related to stomatal conductivity and soil water content,and especially linearly related to crop water stress index(CWSI),and can be used as an alternative to CWSI for evaluating maize water stress because of easily data achieving and simple calculation *** a conclusion,RT of 1.2 can be used as an index to identify a severe water stress status,and maintaining SWC greater than 60%FC at the heading and grain-filling stages is important for supporting maize normal ET and growth in the study region.

关键词： water stress drought indices canopy temperature crop evapotranspiration stoma conductivity maize soil water

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The influences of canopy temperature measuring on the derived crop water stress index

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中国生态农业学报（中英文） 2024年第9期32卷 1503-1519页

作者： WANG Hongxi LI Fei SHEN Hongtao LI Mengyu YIN Gongchao FANG Qin SHAO Liwei Marketing Service Center of the State Grid Hebei Electric Power Co. Ltd.Shijiazhuang 050035China Nanpi Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau Nanpi 061500China College of Agronomy Hebei Agricultural UniversityBaoding 071000China Center for Agri-cultural Resources Research Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesShijiazhuang 050022China

Crop water stress index(CWSI)is widely used for efficient irrigation *** canopy temperature(T_(c))measurement is necessary to derive a reliable *** objective of this research was to investigate the influences of atmospheric conditions,settled height,view angle of infrared thermography,and investigating time of temperature measuring on the performance of the *** irrigation treatments were used to create different soil water conditions during the 2020-2021 and 2021-2022 winter wheat-growing *** CWSI was calculated using the CWSI-E(an empirical approach)and CWSI-T(a theoretical approach)based on the T_(c).Weather conditions were recorded continuously throughout the experimental *** results showed that atmospheric conditions influenced the estimation of the CWSI;when the vapor pressure deficit(VPD)was>2000 Pa,the estimated CWSI was related to soil water *** height of the installed infrared thermograph influenced the T_(c)values,and the differences among the T_(c)values measured at height of 3,5,and 10 m was smaller in the afternoon than in the ***,the lens of the thermometer facing south recorded a higher T_(c)than those facing east or north,especially at a low height,indicating that the direction of the thermometer had a significant influence on T_(c).There was a large variation in CWSI derived at different times of the day,and the midday measurements(12:00-15:00)were the most reliable for estimating *** linear relationships were found between the transpiration rate and CWSI-E(R^(2)of 0.3646-0.5725)and CWSI-T(R^(2)of 0.5407-0.7213).The relations between fraction of available soil water(FASW)with CWSI-T was higher than that with CWSI-E,indicating CWSI-T was more accurate for predicting crop water *** addition,The R^(2)between CWSI-T and FASW at 14:00 was higher than that at other times,indicating that 14:00 was the optimal time for using the CWSI for crop water status *** hi

关键词： canopy temperature Measuring time Measuring height and direction Crop water stress index

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Relationship Between canopy temperature at Flowering Stage and Soil Water Content,Yield Components in Rice

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Rice science 2007年第1期14卷 67-70页

作者： ZHANG Wen-zhong HAN Ya-dong DU Hong-juan Shenyang Agricultural University Shenyang 110161 China Ningxia Meteorological Research Institute Yinchuan 750001 China

The canopy temperature of rice at the flowering stage and the soil water content were investigated under different soil water treatments （the soil water contents were 24%, 55%, 90% and 175% at the flowering stage）. The canopy temperature was lower than air temperature, and the soil water content significantly influenced the canopy temperature. The lower the soil water content, the higher the canopy temperature, the less the accumulative absolute value of canopy-air temperature difference. Moreover, the maximum difference between treatments and CK in the accumulative absolute value of canopy-air temperature difference appeared at 13：00 μm. in a day, thus, it could be considered as a suitable measuring time. Under the lowest water content treatment, the peak flowering occurred in the first three days （about 70% of panicles flowered）, resulting in shortened and lightened panicle of rice. As to the CK and the high water content treatments, the peak flowering appeared in the middle of flowering duration, with longer panicle length and higher panicle weight. Results indicated the lower the soil water content, the less the filled grain number and grain yield.

关键词： rice canopy temperature soil water content yield components

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Escape to the high canopy thermal deficiency causes niche expansion in a forest-floor ant

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Insect Science 2017年第4期24卷 699-707页

作者： Bernhard Seifert Patrick Fiedler Roland Schultz Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Gorlitz 02826 Gorlitz Germany Faculty of Environmental Sciences Technical University Dresden 01069 Dresden Germany

The small formicoxenine ant Temnothorax saxonicus was known from about 40 localities in Central Europe nesting in anorganie substrates on floor of xerothermous forests whereas investigations of 198 tree canopies in 19 forest sites of the same region provided no indication for arboreal nesting or foraging. We present the first evidence for canopy-nesting populations of T. saxonicus on old Quercus trees in 3 sites having maximum calibrated topsoil temperatures of 17.9 ± 0.3 ℃ which were significantly （P 〈 0.007） lower than 22.8 ± 2.0 ℃ measured in 5 sites with ground-nesting populations. The thermal deficit on forest floor inhibits brood development in ground nests and caused a moving to canopy were maximum calibrated temperatures of the, now wooden, substrates are at least 26.1 ℃for the whole canopy and 30.8 ℃ in more sun-exposed spots. T. saxonieus competed here successfully with the obligatory canopy ants T. affinis and T. cortiealis. The distributional data of this rope-climbing study support former results that highest nest densities of small arboreal ants occur in temperate climate over the entire canopy mantle of single trees situated in open land or in park-like environments but occur in the top of the canopy in tree stands with high degree of canopy closure.

关键词： canopy temperature foraging distance microhabitat selection soil temper-ature soil temperature calibration Temnothorax

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Challenges in using an analog uncooled microbolometer thermal camera to measure crop temperature

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2014年第4期7卷 60-74页

作者： Krzysztof Kusnierek Audun Korsaeth Bioforsk-Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research KappN-2849Norway

It has been long known that thermal imaging may be used to detect stress(*** and nutrient deficiency)in growing *** in microbolometer thermal cameras,such as the introduction of imaging arrays that may operate without costly active temperature stabilization,have vitalized the interest in thermal imaging for crop *** study focused on the challenges occurring when temperature stabilization was omitted,including the effects of focal-plane-array(FPA)temperature,camera settings and the environment in which the measurements were ***,the models for providing thermal response from an analog LWIR video signal(typical output from low-cost microbolometer thermal cameras)were designed and ***,the challenges which typically occur under practical use of thermal imaging of crops were illustrated and discussed,by means of three cereal showcases,including proximal and remotely based(UAV)data *** results showed that changing FPA temperature greatly affected the measurements,and that wind and irradiance also appeared to affect the temperature dynamics ***,it is found that adequate settings of camera gain and offset were crucial for obtaining a reliable *** model which was considered best in terms of transforming video signals into thermal response data included information on camera FPA temperature,and was based on a priori calibrations using a black-body radiation source under controlled *** good calibration(r^(2)>0.99,RMSE=0.32℃,n=96)was obtained for a target temperature range of 15-35℃,covering typical daytime crop temperatures in the growing ***,the three showcases illustrated,that under practical conditions,more factors than FPA temperature may need to be corrected *** conclusion,this study shows that thermal data acquisition by means of an analog,uncooled thermal camera may represent a possible,cost-efficient method for the detection of crop stress,but approp

关键词： analog thermal camera uncooled microbolometer canopy temperature cereals UAV

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Crop water stress index for off-season greenhouse green peppers in Liaoning, China

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2014年第3期7卷 28-35页

作者： Li Bo Wang Tieliang Sun Jian College of Water Conservancy Shenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyang110866China

The crop water stress index(CWSI)is a complex instrument to effectively monitor the degree of water stress of crops and provides guidance for timely *** an experiment utilizing the CWSI with off-season green peppers planted in barrels in a greenhouse in Liaoning Province,Northeast China,this study monitors the sub-indexes--such as canopy temperature,environmental factors and yield--determines the changing law of each constituent,achieves an empirical model as well as a baseline formula for the canopy temperature of the peppers with a sufficient water supply,and verifies the rationality of the formula with corresponding experimental *** results obtained by using the CWSI show that the optimal time to determine the water deficit for off-season green peppers is at noon,by measuring the diurnal variation in the peppers with different water *** is a nonlinear relationship between the yield and the average CWSI at the prime fruit-bearing period;moreover,the optimal time to supply water for off-season green peppers comes when the average water stress index ranges between 0.2 and 0.4 during the prime fruiting stage,thereby ensuring a high yield.

关键词： crop water stress index off-season green peppers in greenhouse high yield canopy temperature irrigation water deficit

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Inverse Leaf Aging Sequence (ILAS) and Its Significance of Wheat

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2011年第2期10卷 207-219页

作者： Zhang Song-wu Wang Chang-fa Yao You-hua Reseach Laboratory of Low-temperature Plants College of SciencesNorthwest A＆F UniversityYangling 712100P.R.China

The implication of the revelation of the inverse leaf aging sequence（ILAS） of wheat needs to be probed in theory and *** 2005,the comparison experiment of the ILAS and the conventional leaf aging sequence（CLAS） has been carried out to measure the canopy temperature and some important biological parameters of *** nature,there existed the phenomenon that the wheat leaves aged in an sequence opposite to the conventional sequence and some of the leaves of ILAS wheat aged sequentially differed from those of CLAS wheat,i.e.,the penultimate leaves rather than the flag leaves aged last among the leaves at different leaf positions;in correspondence with the inverse leaf aging sequence,there appeared an unconventional leaf color structure at the late fruiting stage,which had yellow upper leaves and green lower leaves,opposite to the conventional leaf color structure that had green upper leaves and yellow lower leaves;the chlorophyll concentrations,soluble protein concentrations,transpiration rates,and net photosynthetic rates of the penultimate leaves of ILAS wheat unconventionally surpassed those of their flag leaves as their growth moved forward from one stage to another stage,and the ILAS wheat characteristically presented cold canopy temperature,i.e.,a cold tail canopy temperature at the late fruiting stage,or a cold canopy temperature at the whole fruiting stage;because ILAS wheat was unique in physiological process,its kernel weights were obviously higher than those of CLAS wheat,which closely related to the ＂relay＂ kernel-filling mode,which was different from the kernel-filling mode of CLAS wheat under which the flag leaves act as the main nutrient supply source at the whole fruiting *** study provided a new idea and approach for the theoretical exploration on wheat fruiting and aging,wheat yield further improvement,and cold type wheat and cold tail wheat breeding.

关键词： wheat inverse leaf aging sequence canopy temperature biological parameters

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The Effect of Organ temperature on Total Yield of Transplanted and Direct-Seeded Rice(Oryza sativa L.)

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2023年第11期92卷 2999-3019页

作者： Ziwei Li Lifen Huang Zhongyang Huo Min Jiang Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology Agricultural College of Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou225009China Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou225009China

The canopy temperature of rice is an important index that directly reflects the growth and physiological state of rice,and affects the yield of rice plants to a great *** correlation between the temperatures of different rice organs and canopy in different growth stages and the grain yield is *** stability and universality of these correlations must be *** conducted a pot experiment using two rice varieties and two temperature treatments(high temperature treatment was carried out at the beginning of heading stage for 10 days).We measured rice organ temperature during seven stages of growth using a high-precision infrared thermal *** showed that the optimal observation period for the rice canopy temperature was 13:*** the rice variety did not significantly impact the canopy or organ temperature(p>0.05),the different organs and canopy exhibited significantly different temperatures(pcanopy–air temperature differences and seed setting rate,theoretical and actual yields were the strongest during the milk *** them,the correlation coefficient betweenΔT_(s) and theoretical and actual yields was the highest,the relationship between theoretical yield(Y)andΔT_(s)(X)was Y=−5.6965X+27.778,R^(2)=*** withΔT_(l),ΔT_(p) andΔTc,ΔT_(s) was closely related to the main traits of plants.ΔT_(s) could better reflect the growth characteristics of rice thanΔT_(c),such as dry matter accumulation(r=−0.931),SPAD(r=0.699),N concentration(r=0.714),transpiration rate(r=−0.722).In conclusion,stem temperature was more important indicator than canopy *** temperature is a better screening index for rice breeding and cultivation management in the future.

关键词： Planting method canopy temperature organ temperature grain yield

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Assessing crop water stress of winter wheat by thermography under different irrigation regimes in North China Plain

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2012年第3期5卷 24-34页

作者： Shamaila Zia Du Wenyong Wolfram Spreer Klaus Spohrer He Xiongkui Joachim Müller Institute of Agricultural Engineering in the Tropics and Subtropics(440e) Universität HohenheimStuttgartGermany College of Science Centre for Chemicals Application TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China

Thermal imaging can be used as an indicator of water stress due to the closure of stomatal *** this paper,we analyzed the robustness and sensitivity of thermography of winter wheat in the North China *** seasonal and diurnal variations of Crop Water Stress Index(CWSI)were *** treatments were applied by means of irrigation,with plots receiving 100%of ETo(DI),50%(D50),16%(D16)and no irrigation(NI).A high correlation was found between stomatal conductance(gs)and CWSI,depending on the phenological stage of the crop with R2=0.44 at pre-heading stage and R2=0.77 at post-heading *** addition,a high correlation between yield and CWSI at different growth stages indicates that thermography can predict *** measurements of canopy temperature were taken to study the effect of the time of day on image acquisition and it was found that midday was the most appropriate *** results should assist in designing precision irrigation scheduling for setting the threshold values.

关键词： CWSI Triticum aestivum L. stomatal conductance canopy temperature yield

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