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Production of hydroxylated fatty acids in transgenic seeds of camelina

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Production of hydroxylated fatty acids in transgenic seeds o...

Glucosinolates and Sinapine in camelina Meal

第十四届全国植物基因组学大会

作者： Jinling Kang Anna Snapp Ruojin Wang Changlu Wang Chaofu Lu Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology Montana State University Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety Ministry of EducationCollege of Food Engineering and BiotechnologyTianjin University of Science and Technology

Energy rich plant oils are increasingly used for manufacturing biofuels and other industrial products.Many seed oils contain special fatty acid structures with unique physical or chemical properties that are useful for manufacturing numerous industrial products.However most of these plants are not suitable for modern agriculture or are

关键词： camelina industrial fatty acids metabolic engineering oilseeds

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2017年第12期8卷 1063-1073页

作者： Roberto Russo Remo Reggiani Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria CNR Milano Italy

Forty seven accessions of camelina (camelina sativa L. Crantz) were analyzed for glucosinolates (GSLs) and sinapine in defatted meal. These antinutritional compounds are undesirable in camelina meal for use in animal feeding and therefore we show their variability to identify the best varieties for future breeding programs. Total GSLs ranged from 19.6 to 40.3 mmol Kg-1 dry weight (DW) with an average of 30.3 mmol kg-1 DW. Great variability has also been observed in the levels of individual GSLs (GSL1, GSL2 and GSL3), so that the content of GSL1 and GSL3 were not correlated to each other in the accessions of camelina. Five out of six winter forms of camelina showed low content of GSLs. Sinapine ranged from 1.09 to 4.75 g Kg-1 DW with an average of 2.57 g kg-1 DW. The sinapine content was not correlated with that of GSLs. The use of camelina meal is only limited by the presence of GSLs while sinapine content can be ignored in camelina varieties.

关键词： camelina sativa L. Crantz Glucosinolates Sinapine Meal Feeding

Nitrogen use in double cropping soybean with non-fertilized winter oilseed crops

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2023年第2期16卷 159-164页

作者： Ronghao Liu Stephen Gregg Axel Garcia y Garcia College of Water Resources Science and Engineering Taiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan 030024China Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Nutrient Resources Taiyuan 030031China Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics University of MinnesotaSt.PaulMN 55108USA Southwest Research and Outreach Center University of MinnesotaLambertonMN 56152USA

Sustainable intensification of cropping systems is a strategy to increase productivity and reduce disservices of conventional agroecosystems.camelina[camelina sativa(L.)Crantz]and field pennycress(Thlaspi arvense L.)are winter annual oilseed crops well suited to fill the fallow period between corn(Zea mays L.)and soybean[Glycine max(L.)Merr.]in the U.S.northern Corn Belt,but their inclusion may be limited by resource use limitations.A 2-year study was conducted from 2015 to 2017 in the U.S.upper Midwest to evaluate the effect of double cropping on winter oilseed crops and soybean productivity and economic performance.Treatments included relay-and sequential-cropped soybean with winter camelina and field pennycress,and monocrop soybean as control.Biomass and grain yield of winter oilseed crops were not affected by cropping system.Averaged over years and cropping systems,winter camelina resulted in more biomass,nitrogen(N)uptake and grain yield by 240,186 and 139% respectively,compared to field pennycress.Soybean biomass,N uptake and yield were higher in relay relative to sequential cropping.Relay soybean resulted in similar total grain yield(soybean+winter oilseed crop)compared to monocropped soybean.Double cropping soybean could maintain net return compared to monocropped soybean.Results indicate that double cropping winter oilseed crops with soybean can be economically viable in the U.S.upper Midwest.Yet,research aimed at optimizing yield through N and water use while improving ecosystem services is needed.

关键词： camelina pennycress relay cropping multiple cropping winter oilseed

Variability in Glucosinolate Content among <i>camelina</i>Species

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2014年第3期5卷 294-298页

作者： Roberto Russo Incoronata Galasso Remo Reggiani Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria CNR Milano Italy

Glucosinolate content in camelina sativa (L.) Crantz (false flax, gold-of-pleasure) and its relatives C. microcarpa, C. alyssum, C. rumelica and C. hispida was investigated. With the exception of C. hispida in which GSL3 was absent, in all remaining species, three characteristic glucosinolates (GSL1, GSL2 and GSL3) were identified. camelina genotypes of spring type (C. sativa CAM134, C. alyssum CAM21) showed a typical pattern of glucosenolates with GSL1 > GSL3. GSL1 was present in traces in C. microcarpa and at low levels in C. rumelica and C. alyssum subsp. alyssum. In C. hispida, the GSL1 content was greater than GSL2 and, only in this specie, GSL2 represented less than 50% of total glucosinolates. These differences in the glucosinolate pattern among camelina species could be exploited to reduce the total content of glucosinolates in C. sativa.

关键词： camelina Species Glucosinolate Flour Winter and Spring Type Oilseed Crop

Antinutritive Compounds in Twelve <i>camelina sativa </i>Genotypes

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2012年第10期3卷 1408-1412页

作者： Roberto Russo Remo Reggiani Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria CNR Milano Italy

camelina sativa is an oilseed crop becoming important in North America and Europe for biodiesel production. The use of camelina flours in animal diet may be limited by antinutritive compounds. The content of glucosinolates, phytic acid, sinapine and condensed tannins was evaluated in twelve accessions of camelina sativa. All compounds showed significant differences among genotypes. Only the concentration of glucosinolates in the flour deserves attention, while the content of phytic acid, sinapine and condensed tannins are to acceptable levels. camelina showed the presence of three different glucosinolates (GSL1, GSL2 and GSL3) in the flour, with differences among genotypes regarding the relative abundance of each glucosinolate. The content of glucosinolates is inversely correlated with that of sinapine. The glucosinolate content in camelina flour has to be reduced to increase the use of this flour in animal diet, but avoiding altering the sinapine content.

关键词： camelina sativa Glucosinolate Sinapine Phytic Acid Condensed Tannins

Engineering industrial fatty acids in oilseeds

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Frontiers in Biology 2013年第3期8卷 323-332页

作者： Anna R. SNAPP Chaofu LU Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology Montana State University Bozeman MT 59717-3150 USA

More than 300 types of modified fatty acids （mFA） are produced in triacylglycerols （TAG） by various plant species, with many of these unusual structures rendering unique physical and chemical properties that are desirable for a variety of bio-based industrial uses. Attempts to produce these mFA in crop species have thus far failed to reach the desired levels of production and highlighted the need to better understand how fatty acids are synthesized and accumulated in seed oils. In this review we discuss how some of the progress made in recent years, such as the improved TAG synthesis model to include acyl editing and new enzymes such as PDCT, may be utilized to achieve the goal of effectively modifying plant oils for industrial uses. Co-expressing several key enzymes may circumvent the bottlenecks for the accumulation of mFA in TAG through efficient removal of mFA from phosphatidylchofine. Other approaches include the prevention of feedback inhibition of fatty acid synthesis and improving primary enzyme activity in host transgenic plants. In addition, genomic approaches are providing unprecedented power to discover more factors that may facilitate engineering mFA in oilseeds. Based on the results of the last 20 years, creating a high mFA accumulating plant will not be done by simply inserting one or two genes; it is necessary to stack genes encoding enzymes with favorable kinetic activity or specificity along with additional complementary transgenes in optimized plant backgrounds to produce industrial fatty acids at desirable levels. Finally, we discuss the potential of camelina as an industrial oilseed platform.

关键词： camelina metabolic engineering modified fatty acids oilseeds triacylglycerol biosynthesis

Investigated Cold Press Oil Extraction from Non-Edible Oilseeds for Future Bio-Jet Fuels Production

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Journal of Sustainable Bioenergy Systems 2014年第4期4卷 199-214页

作者： Xianhui Zhao Lin Wei James Julson Yinbin Huang Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering South Dakota State University Brookings USA

Bio-jet fuel produced from non-edible oilseeds can be an alternative to fossil fuels with the benefits of increasing national energy security, reducing environmental impact, and fostering rural economic growth. Efficient oil extraction from oilseeds is critical for economic production of bio-jet fuels. Oil extractions from camelina (sativa) and canola (Brassica napus) seeds were conducted using a cold press method. The effect of the frequency controlling the screw rotation speed on the oil recovery and quality was discussed. Characterization of the produced raw vegetable oils, such as heating value, elemental content and main chemical compositions, was carried out. The results showed that the oil recovery increased when the frequency decreased. The highest oil recoveries for camelina and canola seeds were 88.2% and 84.1% respectively, both at 15 Hz. The cold press frequency and processing temperature (97.2°C - 106.0°C) had a minor influence on the qualities and recovery of both camelina and canola oils. In addition, camelina and canola oils produced at 15 Hz underwent catalytic cracking to examine potential hydrocarbon fuels production. It was observed that some of oil physicochemical properties were improved after catalytic cracking. Although more study is needed for further improvement of oil recovery and qualities, cold press could be an efficient method for oil extraction from non-edible oilseeds. Additionally, the preliminary results of upgrading the oils produced show very promising for future bio-jet fuels production.

关键词： camelina Canola Cold Press Oil Recovery Upgrading

Performance of a Direct Injection of IC Engine on SVO and Biodiesel from Multiple Feedstocks

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Journal of Power and Energy Engineering 2014年第8期2卷 1-13页

作者： Syndi Nettles-Anderson Daniel B. Olsen Jerry J. Johnson Jean-Nicolas Enjalbert Engines & Energy Conversion Laboratory Mechanical Engineering Department Colorado State University Fort Collins USA Soil & Crop Sciences Department Colorado State University Fort Collins USA

Straight Vegetable Oil (SVO) is a promising biofuel with a low energy input to energy output ratio. Successful use of SVO in engines depends on engine performance, wear and emissions. This study focuses on short term engine emissions and performance. This research uses oils produced in Colorado as a full diesel fuel substitute in a modified single cylinder engine. This engine testing was conducted in the laboratory. The test engine was a Yanmar TF140E, which is naturally aspirated and uses low pressure (~140 bar) mechanical direct injection. The engine fuel system was modified to accommodate a 2-tank custom SVO kit. The SVO was heated to 75 °C. Fuel economy and emissions measurements were performed for petroleum diesel, four different vegetable oils (sunflower, canola, camelina, and soybean) and their biodiesel derivatives. Fuel mass flow, oxides of nitrogen (NOX), total hydrocarbons (THC), carbon monoxide (CO), and particulate matter were measured. No engine degradation was experienced through approximately 50 hrs of testing on SVO and 50 hrs of testing on biodiesel. Overall engine emissions for SVO and biodiesel, with the exception of THC for biodiesel, were higher than petroleum diesel. More favorable biofuel emissions comparisons to diesel are expected with other engine designs based on data from various literature sources. Data comparing raw and refined SVO indicate that refined vegetable oil produces lower particulate matter (PM) emissions. General trends were observed showing that oils with higher levels of polyunsaturated fats (e.g. C18:1, C18:2, and C18:3) produce higher levels of NOX and THC’s.

关键词： Straight Vegetable Oil Biodiesel camelina Alternative Fuels Engine Performance Exhaust Emissions