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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第1期15卷 396-411页

作者： Shengyang Xu Chong Jiao Qiyu Diao Yan Tu Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition Institute of Feed ResearchChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081People’s Republic of China

Background Rumen bacterial groups can affect growth performance,such as average daily gain(ADG),feed intake,and *** study aimed to investigate the inter-relationship of rumen bacterial composition,rumen fermentation indicators,serum indicators,and growth performance of Holstein heifer calves with different *** calves were chosen from a trail with 60 calves and divided into higher ADG(HADG,high pre-and post-weaning ADG,n=6)and lower ADG(LADG,low pre-and post-weaning ADG,n=6)groups to investigate differences in bacterial composition and functions and host *** During the preweaning period,the relative abundances of propionate producers,including g_norank_f_Butyricicoccaceae,g_Pyramidobacter,and g_norank_f_norank_o_Clostridia_vadin BB60_group,were higher in HADG calves(LDA>2,Pcalves(adjusted Pcalves did not exert this ***,no significant differences were observed in rumen fermentation parameters and serum indices between the two *** The findings of this study revealed that the preweaning period is the window of opportunity for rumen bacteria to regulate the ADG of calves.

关键词： Average daily gain calves Preweaning period Rumen microbiota

A meta-analysis on the effects of probiotics on the performance of pre-weaning dairy calves

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2023年第3期14卷 1300-1314页

作者： Liyun Wang Honghong Sun Haixu Gao Yaohui Xia Linsen Zan Chunping Zhao College of Animal Science and Technology Northwest A&F UniversityNo.22 Xinong RoadYanglingShaanxi 712100P.R.China

Background:Probiotics have been used in livestock production for many years,but information on their benefits during the early life of calves is *** study aimed to assess the effects of probiotics on the performance of pre-weaning dairy calves and identify the factors influencing their effect ***:Forty-nine studies were selected for meta-analysis based on the inclusion and exclusion *** study qualities were evaluated using a predefined risk assessment tool following GRADE ***-analysis results showed that probiotics increased the growth performance(body weight by 1.988 kg and average daily gain by40.689 g/d),decreased digestibility and feed efficiency(feed conversion rate by 0.073),altered rumen parameter(decreased acetate by 2.815 mmol/L and increased butyrate by 0.788 mmol/L),altered blood parameter(decreased AST by 4.188 U/L,increased BHBA by 0.029 mmol/L and IgG by 0.698 g/L),increased faecal parameter(faecal bacteria counts by 0.680 log10CFU/g),based on the strict criteria(P_(SMD)50%).Regression and sub-group analyses showed that probiotic strains,supplementation dosage,and methods significantly affected the performance of *** probiotics supplied with more than 9.5 log10CFU/d significantly increased IgA and IgM contents(P_(SMD)<0.05).Additionally,the compound probiotics significantly increased TDMI,IgA,and IgM(P_(SMD)≤0.001).Furthermore,probiotics supplemented in liquid(whole milk or milk replacer)significantly increased TDMI and decreased faecal score(P_(SMD)<0.05),while in whole milk,they significantly incr

关键词： calves Growth Health Meta-analysis Probiotics

Effect of Different Protein Levels on Nutrient Digestion Metabolism and Serum Biochemical Parameters in calves

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2008年第3期7卷 375-380页

作者： LI Hui DIAO Qi-yu ZHANG Nai-feng TU Yan WANG Ji-feng Feed Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081 P.R.China

The current study has been performed to examine the effects of different dietary protein levels on the growth, nutrient digestion and absorption, as well as biochemical parameters in calves. Nine healthy newborn calves were selected, randomly divided into 3 groups and fed 3 milk replacers with different protein levels （18, 22, and 26%）, respectively. Five period-digestion-metabolism trials were taken between 12-20, 22-30, 32-40, 42-50, and 52-60 days after birth. All 3 groups showed a similar growth curve during 11 to 61 experimental days, however, the growth rate of the 22% crude protein （CP） group was 8.89% higher than that of the 18% CP group and 19.48% higher than that of the 26% CP group, respectively. The apparent digestibility of dry material （DM） declined gradually with age, whereas, the apparent digestibility of N, extract ether （EE） rose slightly. Compared to the 22% CP and 26% CP group, calves fed with 18% CP apparently had a lower digestibility than DM, EE, and nitrogen （N）. The average apparent digestibilities of N were 69.39, 75.36, and 74.55%, respectively. Both the apparent digestibility and retention of calcium （Ca） and phosphorus （P） were steady throughout the experiment, but the average apparent digestibility of P in the 26% CP group was only 63.83%, which was markedly lower than that of the 18% CP group （70.40%） and 22% CP group （69.73%）. In addition, the serum concentrations of total protein （TP）, albumin （ALB）, and globulin （GLOB） of the 22% CP group were higher than those in the 18% CP and 26% CP groups. The urea N （BUN） content in the 18% CP group, on the other hand, was significantly lower than that of the other two groups. The highest glucose （GLU） concentration was found in the 22% CP group （5.38 mmol L^-1）, at the end of the trials. The protein levels in the milk replacer affected the digestion metabolism of nutrition and the serum biochemical parameters of calves at different physiological phases. calves fed with 22% CP milk replacer had

关键词： calves protein levels milk replacer apparent digestibility biochemical parameters

Enterohaemolysin production and verotoxin genes in Escherichia coli strains isolated from neonatal calves in India

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2009年第4期2卷 1-5页

作者： Diganta Pan Ashok Kumar Bhatia K.N.Bhilegaonkar Department of Microbiology and Immunology College of Veterinary Science and Animal HusbandryMathura-281 001UPIndia Indian Veterinary Research Institute IzatnagarU.P.243122India

Objective:To screened all haemolytic strains of Escherichia coli(***) for the presence of verotoxin genes and speculate the association between enterohaemolysin production and presence of verotoxin ***: A total 176 of *** strains of 64 serogroups isolated from neonatal calves were selected and screened for alpha -haemolysin and enterohaemolysin production on sheep blood agar and 5%washed sheep blood *** types of haemolytic strains were further characterized by PCR for presence of Verotoxin gene(VT1 and VT2) and confirmed by verocell cytotoxicity ***:Among 27 enterohaemolytic positive strains,19(70. 37%) strains were found positive for presence of verotoxins(VTs) gene and verocell cytotoxicity assay. Whereas 34 alpha-haemolysin strains were found negative for *** strains of *** were found VTs negative but Ehx ***:The close association between enterohaemolysin production and presence of verotoxin genes makes it useful epidemiological marker for rapid screening of Verotoxic *** but this phenotypic marker for screening of verotoxigenic Escherichia coli(VTEC) alone may raise a question in animal.

关键词： Enterohaemolysin Alpha haemolysin Verotoxigenic Escherichia coli calves India

The Effect of Delivery Method on the Pharmacokinetic Properties of Meloxicam in Pre-Weaned Dairy calves with Diarrhea

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Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2020年第3期10卷 27-38页

作者： Daniel Shock Steven Roche Denis Nagel Merle Olson ACER Consulting Guelph Canada Alberta Veterinary Labs/Solvet Inc. Calgary Canada

The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug meloxicam is commonly used as adjunct therapy for neonatal calf diarrhea to control pain and inflammation. The objective of this study was to compare the pharmacokinetics of meloxicam in diarrheic pre-ruminant dairy calves dosed either orally or subcutaneously. Twelve pre-ruminant male dairy calves with mild to moderate diarrhea were randomly assigned to receive one of four treatments (three per group): subcutaneous meloxicam (SM, 0.5 mg/kg body weight);an oral bolus meloxicam suspension (OM, 1 mg/kg body weight);an oral meloxicam suspension added to a feeding of oral electrolytes (EM, 1 mg/kg body weight);and an oral meloxicam suspension added to a feeding of milk replacer (MM, 1 mg/kg body weight). The predicted pharmacokinetic parameters for OM, MM, EM, and SM groups were: half-life (56.8 ± 21.7 vs. 136.0 ± 26.6 vs. 85.2 ± 21.7 vs. 36.3 ± 21.7 h), Cmax (4.3 ± 0.4 vs. 3.7 ± 0.4 vs. 3.9 ± 0.4 vs. 2.1 ± 0.4 μg/mL), Tmax (13.3 ± 4.0 vs. 10.7 ± 4.0 vs. 13.3 ± 4.0 vs. 2.7 ± 4.0 h), and AUC0-∞ (383.4 ± 126.8 vs. 877.8 ± 155.3 vs. 457.1 ± 126.8 vs. 126.4 ± 126.8 h * μg/mL). Oral meloxicam, especially MM, had extended elimination phases relative to SM. All meloxicam therapies provided effective therapeutic levels but all oral therapies (1 mg/kg) provided longer durations of activity than injectable meloxicam (0.5 mg/kg).

关键词： Meloxicam Dairy calves Pharmacokinetics Diarrhea Anti-Inflammatory

Pharmacokinetics and Efficacy of Tilmicosin in the Treatment of <i>Pasteurella haemolytica</i>Bronchopneumonia in calves

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2014年第5期5卷 514-523页

作者： Ahmed M. Soliman Amer Ramadan Ali Ayad Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Cairo University Giza Egypt

Tilmicosin was administered intravenously and subcutaneously at a dose rate of 10 mg/kg bwt to determine its concentration in blood and bronchial secretion as well as its kinetic behavior in healthy and Pasteurella haemolytica type A1-infected calves. Sever acute bronchopneumonia was induced in 10 calves by inoculating them intra-tracheally with P. haemolytica type A1. The calves were treated with tilmicosin;5 of these received the drug intravenously and the other 5 were injected subcutaneously. After a slow intravenous injection, the serum concentration-time curve indicated a two compartment open model with a mean elimination half-lives (t1/2bs) of 22.09 and 22.14 hours before and after infection, respectively. The mean residence time (MRT) corrected for a bolus injection was 2.25 and 2.20 hours and the mean MRTinf was 25.27 and 25.46 hours in healthy and P. haemolytica-infected calves, respectively. After subcutaneous injection, the drug was eliminated more slowly (before and after infection) from serum and bronchial secretions, with t1/2bs of (24.60 and 25.85 hours) and (33.74 and 31.78 hours), respectively. The apparent volume of distribution (Vd(area)) of tilmicosin was more than 1 litre·kg-1. The peak serum and bronchial secretions of tilmicosin concentration were (1.33 and 1.36 mg·ml-1) and (1.40 and 1.70 mg·ml-1) attained at (7.21 and 7.15 hours) and 7.11 and 7.10 hours) after subcutaneous injection, respectively. Tilmicosin was good secreted into bronchial secretions having AUCbronchial secretion/ AUCserum ratio of approximately 1:1.24 and 1:1.22 in healthy and P. haemolytica-

关键词： Tilmicosin Disposition Kinetics calves Healthy Diseased Bronchial Secretion

A Comparative Evaluation of Different Treatment Regimens in Endotoxemic Buffalo calves—A Physio-Pathological Perspective

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Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering 2019年第4期12卷 257-268页

作者： Irtiza Nabi Digvijay Singh N. K. Sood Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry C. O. V. S Guru Angad Dev Veterinary & Animal Sciences University Ludhiana India

Fifteen apparently healthy male buffalo calves aged between 6 months to one year with body weight range of 70 - 140 Kg divided into 3 groups of 5 buffalo calves each were used in the present investigation. Endotoxic shock was produced by IV infusion of Escherichia coli endotoxin @ 5 μg/kg BW/hr for 3 hours followed by administration of three different treatment regimens comprising of intravenous infusion of hypertonic saline solution(HSS) @ 4 ml/Kg bw, flunixin meglumine @ 1.1 mg/Kg bw and blood @ 20 ml/Kg bw to group-I, HSS, Dextran-40 and Flunixin meglumine to group-II and HSS, Dextran-40, whole blood and Flunixin meglumine to group-III with the objectives to study the major physio-pathological changes during induced endotoxemia in buffalo calves and to compare the effects of different treatment options to find out the best treatment option out of the three combinations. All the animals were further observed up to day 2 or death whichever was earlier. Endotoxin infusion to all the animals caused symptoms of restlessness, respiratory distress, snoring, diarrhoea, profuse salivation along with the significant hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia, hypoglobulinemia, hypokalemia and hypocalcemia. The treatment with HSS, flunixin meglumine and blood infused as one time infusion to these endotoxemic buffalo calves not only alleviated the above mentioned symptoms but also significantly raised the circulating albumin level at 5.5 hrs and day 2 and Fibrinogen level at day 2 of observation. A significant hypocalcaemia was observed at 4.5 hours along with an increase in Alkaline Phosphatase at 3.5, 4.5 and 6.5 hrs. All the endotoxemic buffalo calves which died were subjected to post mortem and histopathological studies. Epicardial and endocardial haemorrhages, haemorrhages on intestinal mucosa, congestion, haemorrhages, emphysema and fibrinous thrombi in microvasculature of lungs were salient histopathological findings. On comparison with observations of the other treatment regim

关键词： Blood Buffalo calves Dextran-40 Endotoxemia Flunixin Meglumine Hypertonic Saline Physiology and Pathology

Suitability of n-alkanes and chromium(Ⅲ) oxide as digestibility markers in calves at the end of the milk feeding period supplemented with a prebiotic

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Animal Nutrition 2018年第1期 84-89页

作者： Stephanie Schfers Michael Bulang Ulrich Meyer Anne Lindwedel Liane Hüther Sven Dnicke Institute of Animal Nutrition Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute (FLI)Federal Research Institute for Animal Health Institut für Agrar-und Ernhrungswissenschaften Martin-Luther-Universitt Halle-Wittenberg

Prebiotics reveal positive effects on the growth performance of pigs and poultry,and might influence intestinal ***,in consequence,could alter recovery rates of digestibility *** the current study,we evaluated the suitability of chromium(III)oxide(Cr_2O_3)and the synthetic alkanes ndotriacontane(C32)and n-hexatriacontane(C36)as external markers for digestibility estimation compared with the standard total collection method in calves supplemented with *** male German Holstein calves(average age±SD=57±8 days)were divided into 2 milk replacer feeding groups(group receiving galacto-oligosaccharides[A]and control group[B]).Each of 2 groups of 4 individually fed calves received a distinct milk replacer with added markers for *** were fed twice daily restrictively with milk replacer,concentrate and *** an adaptation period of 10 days,total faeces were *** marker recoveries(FMR,means±SD)for C32 were(72±14)% for A and (80±12)% for *** marker recoveries for C36 was(82±15)% and (88±13)% for groups A and B,*** FMR for Cr_2O_3was(102±11)%and(100±1)%for groups A and B,*** were no significant differences between total collection organic matter digestibility and marker based organic matter digestibility when using Cr_2O_3and ***,when utilizing C32 to calculate nutrient digestibilities,results differed from the total collection method for organic matter,crude protein and ether *** results indicate that Cr_2O_3and C36 can be applied in digestibility studies with calves and give accurate estimates for OM and nutrient digestibilities without correction for FMR.

关键词： calves Marker Digestibility Alkanes Cr2O3 Galacto-oligosaccharides

Effects of Feeding Programs Based on One or Two Milk Replacer Daily Meals on Growth, Solid Feed Intake and Rumen Fermentation and Development of Dairy calves

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Agricultural Sciences 2015年第12期6卷 1428-1440页

作者： Christine Julien Corine Bayourthe Caroline Lacroux Francis Enjalbert Université de Toulouse INPT ENSAT UMR1388 Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d’Elevage Castanet-Tolosan France INRA UMR1388 Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d’Elevage Castanet-Tolosan France UMR INRA ENVT 1225 Interactions H&#244te Agent Pathogène Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse 23 Chemin des Capelles Toulouse France Université de Toulouse INPT ENVT UMR1388 Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d’Elevage Toulouse France

Sixteen Holstein calves were used to study the effects of two feeding programs (FP) on growth, intake, rumen development and ruminal metabolism from birth to weaning. Two feeding programs based on milk replacer (MR) were tested: a once a day (OAD) MR (200 g/L) distribution vs. a standard twice a day (TAD) MR (125 g/L) distribution. All calves received water, wheat straw and a starter concentrate ad libitum. Four calves per group were slaughtered at weaning and rumen epithelium from the ventral sac was sampled for papillae (RP) density. Results showed that the FP had no effect on body weight of calves and total feed intake. From day 42 to day 56, ruminal pH was lower (P = 0.036) and ruminal oxydo-reducing potential was higher (P = 0.001) in OAD than TAD calves. Ruminal total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations did not significantly differ between FP. From day 21 to day 63, butyrate ruminal concentration was significantly higher in OAD than TAD calves (5.17 vs 3.95 mmol/L). This probably explained the higher development of RP in calves fed once daily. Finally, the tested feeding system based on a once daily MR distribution affects the concentrate feeding pattern of calves.

关键词： Dairy calves Milk Replacer Feeding Frequency Oxydo-Reducing Potential Rumen Development

Effects of Supplemental Feeding of Probiotics during Lactation on Rumen Microflora of calves after Weaning

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2021年第7期12卷 213-228页

作者： Xueyan Lin Tian Zhang Lin Ju Yue Jiang Qiuling Hou Zhiyong Hu Yun Wang Zhonghua Wang College of Animal Science Shandong Agricultural University Tai’an China

For the experiment, 8 newborn male Holstein calves were selected that had the same feeding environment, and were of similar ages. They were randomly divided into 2 groups, with 4 in each group. The treatments consisted of feeding active probiotics (Group P) and a normal fed control group (Group C). The growth performance and blood indices were measured;rumen fluid samples were collected after weaning, and 16SrDNA sequencing and LC-MS metabolome detection were performed. Compared with the control group, relative abundances of Deltaproteobacteria, Desulfovibrionales, Bacteroidales_ BS11_gut_group, Desulfovibrionaceae, Bacteroidales_S24-7_group, Acetobacteraceae, Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214_group, Asaia, [Ruminococcus] gauvreauii_group, Desulfovibrio, Kingella, Selenomonas, Lachnoclostridium in group P were significantly different (P of 2-methylbenzoic acid and myo-inositol were significantly increased (P 0.05). These results showed that compared with normally fed calves, the growth performance and blood indices of probiotic-fed calves were changed, but the differences were not signif

关键词： calves Probiotics Rumen Fluid Serum Metabolites