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buck converter Current Measurement Using Differential Amplifier

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing 2023年第2期35卷 1387-1402页

作者： P.Rajeswari V.Manikandan Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Coimbatore Institute of TechnologyCoimbatore641014India

The accuracy of the measured current is a preeminent parameter for Current Control based Power converter applications to ensure genuine operation of the designed converter.The current measurement accuracy can be affected by several parameters which includes the type of technology used,components used for the selected technology,aging,usage,operating and environmental conditions.The effect of gain resistors and their manufacturing tolerances on differential ampliﬁer-based buck converter current measurement is investigated in this work.The analysis mainly focused on the output voltage variation and its accuracy with respect to the change in gain resistance tolerances.The gain resistors with 5%,1%,0.5%and 0.1%manufacturing tolerances taken for the worst-case analysis and the calculated performance results are compared and veriﬁed with the simula-tion results.The Operational ampliﬁers(Op-Amp)for high frequency power con-verter applications must operate in a high frequency noise environment and the intended current measuring system must manage common mode noise distur-bances paired with the signal to be measured.Based on the Common Mode Rejec-tion Ratio(CMRR)the common mode voltages and noise signals will effectively getﬁltered out.Lesser CMRR results in lower common mode signal rejection,resulting in poor precision and noise rejection.In differential ampliﬁers,the CMRR predominantly depends on gain resistors.So,the variations in Common Mode Rejection Ratio due to gain resistor tolerances also analyzed and compared with the output voltage variations.Besides the effects of resistor tolerances,this paper also examines the effect of Op-Amp offset voltage on output accuracy spe-ciﬁcally for low magnitude input currents.The obtained results from this analysis clearly shows that the gain resistors with 0.1%tolerance gives maximum accuracy with improved CMRR and accuracy at low magnitude input currents will get well improved by using Op-Amps with Low Offset voltage speciﬁcations.

关键词： buck converter common mode rejection ratio common mode gain current sensing differential ampliﬁer differential mode gain shunt resistor

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Dynamical analysis and experimental verification of valley current controlled buck converter

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Chinese Physics B 2010年第5期19卷 130-136页

作者：周国华包伯成许建平金艳艳 School of Electrical Engineering Southwest Jiaotong University School of Electrical and Information Engineering Jiangsu Teachers University of Technology

The dynamical behaviours of valley current controlled buck converter are studied by establishing its corresponding discrete iterative map model in this paper. Time-domain waveforms and phase portraits of valley current controlled buck converter are obtained by Runge-Kutta algorithm through a piecewise smooth switching model. The research results indicate that the valley current controlled buck converter exhibits rich nonlinear phenomena, and it has routes to chaos through period-doubling bifurcation and border-collision bifurcation in a wide parameter range. Interesting inverse nonlinear behaviours compared with peak current controlled buck converter are observed in the valley current controlled buck converter. Analysis and simulation results are verified by experimental results.

关键词： buck converter bifurcation dynamical behaviour iterative map

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Dynamics and stabilization of peak current-mode controlled buck converter with constant current load

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Chinese Physics B 2015年第10期24卷 101-109页

作者：冷敏瑞周国华张凯暾李振华 School of Electrical Engineering Southwest Jiaotong University

The discrete iterative map model of peak current-mode controlled buck converter with constant current load（CCL）,containing the output voltage feedback and ramp compensation, is established in this paper. Based on this model the complex dynamics of this converter is investigated by analyzing bifurcation diagrams and the Lyapunov exponent spectrum. The effects of ramp compensation and output voltage feedback on the stability of the converter are investigated. Experimental results verify the simulation and theoretical analysis. The stability boundary and chaos boundary are obtained under the theoretical conditions of period-doubling bifurcation and border collision. It is found that there are four operation regions in the peak current-mode controlled buck converter with CCL due to period-doubling bifurcation and border-collision bifurcation. Research results indicate that ramp compensation can extend the stable operation range and transfer the operating mode, and output voltage feedback can eventually eliminate the coexisting fast-slow scale instability.

关键词： buck converter constant current load discrete iterative map model ramp compensation

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A 1500 mA,10 MHz on-time controlled buck converter with ripple compensation and efficiency optimization

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Journal of Semiconductors 2012年第1期33卷 86-92页

作者：虞佳乐吕旦竹洪志良 State Key Laboratory of ASIC&System Fudan University Shanghai 201203China

A 1500 mA,10 MHz self-adaptive on-time （SOT） controlled buck DC-DC converter is presented. Both a low-cost ripple compensation scheme （RCS） and a self-adaptive on-time generator （SAOTG） are proposed to solve the system stability and frequency variation problem. Meanwhile a self-adaptive power transistor sizing （SAPTS） technique is used to optimize the efficiency especially with a heavy load. The circuit is implemented in a 2P4M 0.35μm CMOS process. A small external inductor of 0.47 μH and a capacitor of 4.7 μF are used to lower the cost of the converter and keep the output ripple to less than 10 mV. The measurement results show that the overshoot of the load transient response is 8 mV @ 200 mA step and the dynamic voltage scaling （DVS） performance is a rise of 16/zs/V and a fall of 20 μs/V. With a SAPTS technique and PFM control, the efficiency is maintained at more than 81% for a load range of 20 to 1500 mA and the peak efficiency reaches 88.43%.

关键词： buck converter high frequency large current load efficiency on-time control

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A novel buck/LDO dual-mode DC–DC converter for efficiency improvement

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Journal of Semiconductors 2013年第10期34卷 91-96页

作者：范世全薛仲明陆浩赵慧耿莉 School of Electronic and Information Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University

A novel buck/LDO dual-mode （BLDM） converter using a multiplexing power MOS transistor is proposed, which adaptively switches between buck mode and LDO mode to improve conversion efficiency. The chip was fabricated in a standard 0.35 #m CMOS process. Measurement results show that the peak efficiency is 97%. For the light load operation, the efficiency is improved by 14%. The efficiency keeps higher than 82.5% for the load current of 50 mA without any complex control or extra EMI due to the normal method of pulse frequency modulation （PFM） control used for improving the light load efficiency. It does not cost much extra chip area because no additional regulator PMOS is needed. It is more suitable for noise-restricted systems and battery-powered electronic devices for when battery voltage drops because of long hours of work.

关键词： high efficiency buck converter LDO regulator dual-mode converter multiplexing transistor

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Notch filter feedback controlled chaos in buck converter

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Chinese Physics B 2007年第11期16卷 3256-3261页

作者：卢伟国周雒维罗全明 Key Laboratory of High Voltage Engineering and Electrical New Technology of Ministry of Education College of Electrical EngineeringChongqing UniversityChongqing400044China

A method of controlling chaos in the voltage-mode buck converter is presented by using an improved notch filter feedback control in this paper. The proposed control part comprises a notch filter and a low-pass filter. The discrepancy between the outputs of the two filters is introduced into the control prototype of the power converter. In this way, the system period-1 solution is kept unchanged. The harmonic balance method is applied to analysing the variation law of the system bifurcation point, and then the stable range of the feedback gain is ascertained. The results of simulation and experiment are also given finally.

关键词： chaos control of chaos buck converter notch filter

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A high performance adaptive on-time controlled valley-current-mode DC–DC buck converter

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Journal of Semiconductors 2020年第6期41卷 48-55页

作者： Chanrong Jiang Changchun Chai Chenxi Han Yintang Yang School of Microelectronics Xidian UniversityXi’an 710071China

This paper presents an AOT-controlled(adaptive-on-time,AOT)valley-current-mode buck converter for portable application.The buck converter with synchronous rectifier not only uses valley-current-mode control but also possesses hybridmode control functions at the same time.Due to the presence of the zero-current detection circuit,the converter can switch freely between the two operating modes without the need for an external mode selection circuit,which further reduces the design difficulty and chip area.The converter for the application of high power efficiency and wide current range is used to generate the voltage of 0.6–3.0 V with a battery source of 3.3–5.0 V,while the load current range is 0.05–2 A.The circuit can work in continuous conduction mode with constant frequency in high load current range.In addition,a stable output voltage can be obtained with small voltage ripple.In pace with the load current decreases to a critical value,the converter transforms into the discontinuous conduction mode smoothly.As the switching period increases,the switching loss decreases,which can significantly improve the conversion efficiency.The proposed AOT controlled valley current mode buck converter is integrated with standard 0.18μm process and the simulation results show that the converter provides well-loaded regulations with power efficiency over 95%.When the circuit switches between the two conduction modes drastically,the response time can be controlled within 30μs.The undershoot voltage is controlled within 25 mV under a large current hopping range.

关键词： adaptive on-time buck converter fast response constant frequency high efficiency

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Analysis of Discharge Spark Energy in buck converter of a Continuous Mode of Inductive Current

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2006年第4期16卷 514-517+522页

作者： CUI Bao-chun, CHENG Hong, WANG Cong, LU Huan-yu, SHI Yun Department of Information and Electrical Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology, Beijing 100083, China Department of Information and Electrical Engineering China University of Mining & Technology Beijing 100083 China

The basic idea of intrinsically safe circuit and the discharge spark in the buck converter in the explosive at- mospheres were introduced. The buck converter is the main topological structure of the switch type of intrinsically safe circuit, which has two working modes: continuous inductive current (CCM — continuous conduction mode) and dis- crete inductance current (DCM — discontinuous conduction mode). The operating state of the continuous inductive current mode is analyzed in detail and the energy of discharge spark in various operating modes is discussed. The total energy will decrease with the increase of switch frequency, in a switching cycle; the discharge spark energy has a maxi- mum and a minimum value. Therefore, the buck converter has smaller discharge spark energy than the linear power circuit and the switch type of intrinsically safe circuit can enhance the output power and the conversion efficiency of the intrinsically safe power.

关键词： buck converter discharge spark intrinsically safe

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Design and Control of an Alternative buck PWM DC-to-DC converter

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Journal of Power and Energy Engineering 2021年第6期9卷 43-61页

作者： Justin Simmons Richard Tymerski Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering Portland State University Portland Oregon USA

The second order dc-to-dc buck converter with input LC filter is widely used in industry. An alternative 4th order converter which has advantages in terms of control design leading to better transient performance is presented. A complete DC (steady state average and ripple quantities) and AC small-signal analyses of this converter for both uncoupled and coupled inductor cases is provided. Conditions for achieving, in a lossless manner, a minimum phase control-to-output transfer function are found, which ameliorates regulator design while maximizing loop bandwidth. A closed loop regulator design procedure is presented and the performance of a design example is examined with a prototype. It is believed that this converter is a good alternative in applications where the second order buck converter augmented with an input filter has been traditionally utilized.

关键词： DC-to-DC converter buck converter

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Design of Fuzzy Rule Based Novel Sliding Mode Controller for buck converter

Design of Fuzzy Rule Based Novel Sliding Mode Controller for...

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第二十六届中国控制会议

作者： Geng Jianhua 1,Zhang Changfan 2,Wang Xibo 1,Luo Cheng 2 1.College of Computer Science and Communication,Hunan University of Technology,Zhuzhou 412008,P.R.China2.College of Electric Engineering,Hunan University of Technology,Zhuzhou 412008 ,P.R.China

This paper presents a fuzzy sliding mode controller for the buck converter by a novel method,the novel method considers system and designs the controller on the three-dimensional space,and thinks over the dynamic information of all elements in the buck circuit adequately.At the same time,the method adopts the exponent tendency arithmetic to descend chatter,and employs fuzzy theory to improve performance of the controller,the system can arrive the stability state further more quickly.Lastly this controller is applied on the buck converter by the simulation experiments,and the result is excellent.

关键词： Sliding Mode Control Fuzzy Rule FSMC buck converter CCM

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