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Distribution of 137Cs and 60Co in plough layer of farmland: Evidenced from a lysimeter experiment using undisturbed soil columns

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Pedosphere 2021年第1期31卷 180-190页

作者： Wenxiang LIU Yong LI Hanqing YU Surinder SAGGAR Daozhi GONGI Qiong ZHANG lstiute of En/noumewr and Sutainable Doelopmen in Apriculure Chinese Academy of Agrcdtwrad Scences.Bejing 00081Chinma Guangd Uniwenin Naneing 530005China Maraak Whenan-Landcare Researh Priare Bog 11052Palmerston North 442New Zealand Minclear aud Radiaton Safr Cemer Minisry of Eviromensal Proecrion时ChinaBeijing 00002China

Radionuclide fallout during nuclear accidents on the land may impair the atmosphere, contaminate farmland soils and crops, and can even reach the groundwater. Previous research focused on the field distribution of deposited radionuclides in farmland soils, but details of the amounts of radionuclides in the plough layer and the changes in their proportional distribution in the soil profile with time are still inadequate. In this study, a lysimeter experiment was conducted to determine the vertical migration of 137Cs and 60Co in brown and aeolian sandy soils, collected from the farmlands adjoining Shidaowan Nuclear Power Plant(NPP) in eastern China, and to identify the factors influencing their migration depths in soil. At the end of the experiment(800 d), >96% of added 137Cs and 60Co were retained in the top 0–20 cm soil layer of both soils;very little 137Cs or 60Co initially migrated to 20–30 cm, but their amounts at this depth increased with time. The migration depth of 137Cs was greater in the aeolian sandy soil than in the brown soil during 0–577 d, but at the end of the experiment, 137Cs migrated to the same depth(25 cm) in both soils. Three phases on the vertical migration rate(v) of 60Co in the aeolian sandy soil can be identified: an initial rapid movement(0–355 d, v = 219 ± 17 mm year-1), followed by a steady movement(355–577 d, v = 150 ± 24 mm year-1) and a very slow movement(577–800 d, v = 107 ± 7 mm year-1). In contrast, its migration rate in the brown soil(v = 133 ± 17 mm year-1) was steady throughout the 800-d experimental period. The migration of both 137Cs and 60Co in the two soils appears to be regulated by soil clay and silt fractions that provide most of the soil surface area, soil organic carbon(SOC), and soil pH, which were manifested by the solid-liquid distribution coefficient of 137Cs and 60Co. The results of this study suggest that most 137Cs and 60Co remained within the top layer(0–20 cm depth) of farmland soils following a simulated NPP acc

关键词： aeolian sandy soil brown soil deposited radionuclide migration depth radionuclide vertical migration rate

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Effects of Long-term Located Fertilization on Wheat Yield and soil Nutrients of Three Types of soils in Shandong Province

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Agricultural Science & Technology 2014年第3期15卷 400-406,426页

作者：张英鹏刘兆辉李彦仲子文孙明井永苹山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所山东济南250100 农业部黄淮海平原农业环境重点实验室山东济南250100 山东省农业面源污染防控重点实验室山东济南250100 山东省农业科学院山东济南250100

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of long-term differ- ent fertilization in three types of soils on wheat yield and soil nutrient variation in Shandong Province. [Method] A 30-year located experiment in Jinan of Shandong Province was selected and the results of soil nutrient and crop yield in 1984, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 2001, 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2010 were measured and collected. In this study, five treatments： CK, NP, NK, PK and NPK of the located experiment were selected. [Result] The three types of soils in wheat yields decreased signifi- cantly in the first several years and in 2006. Wheat yields of the treatments with P fertilizers were obviously higher than those without P fertilizers; it was shown that phosphorus is the primary nutritional factor for high-yielding of wheat. The highest yield is from cinnamon soil, followed by that from brown soil, and the lowest pro- duction is from fluvo-aquic soil. Under the same fertilization, the influence of other factors on wheat yield of brown soil is the smallest, while cinnamon soil is vulnera- ble to the influence of external conditions, resulting in larger fluctuation of annual wheat yield. The alkali-hydro nitrogen contents of three kinds of soils first de- creased, then raised, and at last reduced apparently. Since 2007, the change of al- kali-hydro nitrogen content appeared rebounded. The available P contents of no- phosphorus treatments decreased over time while those of the treatments with P fertilizers increased at first, then decreased, and after that kept relatively stable. The available K contents of no K treatments decreased slowly. The treatments of PK and NK had higher available K content than NPK treatment. [Conclusion] Thus, it is an effective fertilization measure to improve the wheat yield by supplying reasonable phosphate fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer and making up potassium fertilizer.

关键词： Long-term located fertilization brown soil Fluvo-aquic soil Cinnamon soil Wheat yield soil nutrient

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