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Nest-site selection and breeding ecology of Streaked Wren-Babbler(Napothera brevicaudata)in a tropical limestone forest of southern China

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Avian Research 2017年第4期8卷 218-225页

作者： Aiwu Jiang Demeng Jiang Fang Zhou Eben Goodale Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation College of ForestryGuangxi UniversityNanning 530004China

Background: The breeding information of most birds in Asian tropical areas,especially in limestone forests,is still poorly *** Streaked Wren-Babbler(Napothera brevicaudata) is an uncommon tropical limestone bird with a small *** studied its nest-site selection and breeding ecology,in order to understand the adaptations of birds to the conditions of tropical limestone forest in southern ***: We used methods of systematical searching and parent-following to locate the nests of the Streaked *** measured characteristics of nest sites and rock *** loggers and video cameras were used to monitor the breeding ***: All the observed nests of the Streaked Wren-Babbler were placed in natural shallow cavities or deep holes in large boulders or limestone *** great majority(96.6%) of Streaked Wren-Babbler nests had three eggs with an average fresh weight of 3.46-± 0.43 g(n = 36,range 2.52-4.20 g).Most(80.4%) females laid their first eggs between March and April(n = 46).The average incubation and nestling period of the Streaked Wren-Babbler was 10.2 range 9-11 days),***(87.9%) nests h± 0.4 days(n = 5,range 1011 days) and 10.5 ± 0.8 days(n = 6,ad at least one nestling fledge between 2011 and 2013(n = 33).Conclusions: Our study suggests that several features of the breeding ecology of the Streaked Wren-Babbler,including building nests in rocky cavities,commencing breeding earlier than most species,and reducing foraging times during the incubation period,are well-adapted to the unique habitat of tropical limestone forest.

关键词： breeding season breeding strategy Clutch size Karst Incubation rhythm Nest predation Nestling development Parental care Reproductive output

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True grit: ingestion of small stone particles by hummingbirds in West Mexico

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Avian Research 2021年第4期12卷 739-749页

作者： Omar Maya-García Mauricio Ortega-Flores Jorge E.Schondube Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas Unidad de PosgradoCoordinación del Posgrado en Ciencias BiológicasUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoEdificio D1er pisoCircuito de PosgradosCiudad UniversitariaDel.CoyoacánC.P.04510 México D.F.Mexico Laboratorio de Ecología Funcional Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y SustentabilidadUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoAntigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro No.8701Col.Ex Hacienda de San Joséde la HuertaC.P.58190 MoreliaMichoacánMexico

Background: Grit is used by birds mainly for grinding hard food items but can also serve a nutritional role as a source of minerals. Ingestion of grit by birds has been documented primarily in species that feed on seeds and *** feeding mainly on nectar and small arthropods, hummingbirds also ingest grit, but why they do so is unclear. We quantified the number of grit particles in the stomachs of six species of hummingbirds during an annual cycle in a seasonal ecosystem of West ***: We compared the number of grit particles in the stomachs of different hummingbird species(Mexican Violetear Colibri thalassinus, Amethyst-throated Mountaingem Lampornis amethystinus, White-eared Hummingbird Basilinna leucotis, Rivoli's Hummingbird Eugenes fulgens, Broad-tailed Hummingbird Selasphorus platycercus, and Rufous Hummingbird S. rufus), and between sex and age categories during the different seasons of a year. To deter-mine if grit was used to grind ingested arthropods, we examined the relationships between the number of grit parti-cles, the biomass of arthropods ingested, and their chitin ***: Although species did not differ in the number of grit particles in their stomachs, we found that grit was mostly ingested by female individuals, with only one male of one species(Mexican Violetear) presenting grit in its stomach. We also found that female hummingbirds had grit in their stomachs during the rainy and the cold-dry season(June-February) but not during the warm-dry season(March-May). Our analyses revealed no relationship between the number of grit particles and the amount of ingested arthropods and arthropod chitin content. However,high grit consumption was related to wasp ingestion on Mexican ***: Our results indicate that grit is used mainly by female hummingbirds. The seasonal variation in the ingestion of grit by female individuals suggests that it can be used to meet mineral requirements related to breed-ing;how

关键词： Arthropod chitin content Arthropod digestion breeding season Mineral nutritional requirements

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The dynamics of color signals in male threespine sticklebacks Gasterosteus aculeatus

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Current Zoology 2016年第1期62卷 23-31页

作者： Meike HIERMES Ingolf P. RICK Marion MEHLIS Theo C. M. BAKKER Institute for Evolutionary Biology and Ecology University of Bonn An der Immenburg 1 53121 Bonn Germany

Body coloration and color patterns are ubiquitous throughout the animal kingdom and vary be- tween and within species. Recent studies have dealt with individual dynamics of various aspects of coloration, as it is in many cases a flexible trait and changes in color expression may be context-de- pendent. During the reproductive phase, temporal changes of coloration in the visible spectral range （400-700 nm） have been shown for many animals but corresponding changes in the ultravio- let （UV） waveband （300-400 nm） have rarely been studied. Threespine stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus males develop conspicuous orange-red breeding coloration combined with UV reflect- ance in the cheek region. We investigated dynamics of color patterns including UV throughout a male breeding cycle, as well as short-term changes in coloration in response to a computer- animated rival using reflectance spectrophotometry and visual modeling, to estimate how colors would be perceived by conspecifics. We found the orange-red component of coloration to vary during the breeding cycle with respect to hue （theta/R50） and intensity （achieved chroma/red chroma）. Furthermore, color intensity in the orange-red spectral part （achieved chroma） tended to be increased after the presentation of an artificial rival. Dynamic changes in specific measures of hue and intensity in the UV waveband were not found. In general, the orange-red component of the signal seems to be dynamic with respect to color intensity and hue. This accounts in particular for color changes during the breeding cycle, presumably to signal reproductive status, and with limitations as well in the intrasexual context, most likely to signal dominance or inferiority.

关键词： breeding season color change color signals stickleback structural coloration UV coloration

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Kidding after Transfer of in Vitro Produced Saanen Goat Embryos into Local Ukrainian Breed Recipients in Different seasons

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Open Journal of Ecology 2023年第8期13卷 549-559页

作者： Anastasiia Bogdaniuk Volodymyr Garkavii Oleg Berestovoyy Vasyl Tsvyk Narhiz Yusifli Oleh Sigunov Olga Kramareva Maryna Petrushko LLC “Institute of Contemporary Veterinary Technologies” Cherevky Ukraine Department for Cryobiology of the Reproductive System Institute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine of National Academy of Science of Ukraine Kharkiv Ukraine Farm “Tatyana 2011” Cherevky Ukraine

In recent years, the demand for goat products has been growing due to the fact that goat milk has a number of advantages over cow milk, for example, it is low in lactose, and is considered less allergenic and easier to digest. To increase production during both breeding and non-breeding seasons and reduce the price of dairy products, it is necessary to effectively use reproductive management and assisted reproductive technologies. In vitro embryo production makes it possible to obtain a large number of eggs from goats, which for some reason are unable to conceive, but have genetic value. Afterward in vitro produced embryos can be transferred into recipient goats of other less genetically valuable breeds, such as the Ukrainian local breed. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of transfers of in vitro produced embryos of Saanen goats into surrogate sires of the Ukrainian local breed in different seasons. All manipulations with animals were carried out following ethical standards (Strasbourg, 1986). Six Saanen goats were selected as the oocyte donors. After the hormonal stimulation oocytes were retrieved by laparoscopic ovum pick-up. In vitro produced embryos were transferred laparotomically into 24 recipients of Ukrainian local breed. Fifty days after embryo transfers, pregnancies were determined by ultrasound diagnostics. Although the embryo development rate in the breeding season was 20% higher than in the non-breeding season, there was no difference in pregnancy and kidding rates between seasons. In conclusion, the transfer of in vitro produced Saanen goat embryos to recipients of the Ukrainian local breed gives the opportunity to achieve pregnancy and kidding regardless of the breeding season, which will enable a faster and more efficient increase in the livestock of highly productive goats in Ukraine in the post-war period.

关键词： Goats in Vitro Produced Embryos Saanen Breed Goat Reproduction Embryo Transfer Kidding Rate breeding season

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Spatial and temporal distributions and some biological aspects of commercially important fish species of Lake Tana,Ethiopia

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Journal of Coastal Life Medicine 2014年第8期 589-595页

作者： Dereje Tewabe Kokebe Bahirdar Fisheries and 0ther Aquatic Life Research Center P.0.Box 794Ethiopia

Objective:To know spatial,temporal distributions and some biological aspects of commercially important fish species of Lake ***:Distribution of fish species in Lake Tana was studied from November 2009 to October 2012 based on samples collected every other month using gillnets of 60,80,100,120 and 140 mm stretched mesh *** species,Clarias gariepinus,Oreochromis niloticus,and Varicorhinus beso are commercially important fish species and form 68%,18%,14%and 0.5%of the pooled experimental fish *** was significant variability among years and sampling sites of both temporal and spatial aspects;Mann-Whitney U tests were used for pair wise comparisons of sites and ***:The composition of Labeobarbus *** Varicorhinus beso shows significant *** the other hand,the composition of Oreochromis niloticus did not change,but Clarias gariepinus increased by 100%by catch *** most likely explanations for the total decline in abundance of fish species are the increase of the illegal commercial gillnet fishery targeting their spawning aggregations in the wetlands and river mouths,and the increasing trend of the degradation of spawning and nursery habitats both in the lake and major tributary rivers of the catchment ***:There should be a need for urgent development of a management plan focusing on ensuring sustainable utilization of a resource by fishing effort,gear mesh size and gear type restrictions,and controlling the spawning grounds from different types of human encroachment and designing closing seasons and spawning grounds during the breeding seasons of different fish species of Lake Tana.

关键词： breeding season Size at first maturity Spawning aggregation Species composition

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Synchronization of Estrus in Sheep in Different seasons

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Agricultural Biotechnology 2018年第3期7卷 92-94页

作者： Yun ZHOU Dayong CHEN Amina ABUDUWALI Liqin WANG Huangqiao Animal Epidemic Prevention Station Agricultural Bureau of Xiangcheng DistrictSuzhou City Inner Mongolia Sino Sheep breeding Co. Ltd. Key Laboratory of Grass Livestock Reproduction & Breed Biotechnology Ministry of Agriculture

[Objectives] The aim was to improve and stabilize the estrus synchronization of local sheep in Xinjiang during the breeding season and non-breeding season. [Methods]The data of estrus rate and estrus concentration time were analyzed by different hormone treatment programs. [Results]eding season,whether PMSC was used did not affect the estrus of sheep when sponge and PG were used（ P 〉 0. 05）. Estrus was concentrated in 36-48 h after sponge plugs were removed,and the estrus rate in this period accounted for 74. 19% of the total. In non-breeding season,the estrus rate in the sponge plug plus PGF treatment was only56. 12%,significantly lower than that（ 90. 43%） in the sponge plug plus PG plus PMSG treatment（ P 〈 0. 01）. The estrus was also concentrated in 36-48 h after sponge plugs were removed. The estrus rate at this stage was 67. 42%,accounting for 82. 8% of the total. In breeding season,the estrus rate in sheep injected with333 IU of PMSG（ 81. 96%） was significantly lower than those of sheep injected with 500（ 90. 25%） and 750 IU（ 95. 3%）（ P 〈 0. 05）. [Conclusions] This study provides a theoretical basis for the production enterprises to save a lot of manpower and material resources.

关键词： Altay sheep Estrus synchronization Estrus rate breeding season Non-breeding season

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