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Peptides: Opening the door

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Molecular Plant 2024年第1期17卷 8-10页

作者： Zongcheng Lin Ke Jin Noni Franklin-Tong National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation&Utilization of Horticultural Crops College of Horticulture and Forestry SciencesHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China Hubei Hongshan Laboratory Wuhan 430070China School of Biosciences College of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TTUK

Interspecific isolation is a common mechanism adopted by plants to prevent gene flow between diverged species,thus maintaining species genetic integrity.However,from a plant breeder's perspective,hybridization is desirable,as it can provide a wider range of agriculturally important traits for crop improvement(Tonosaki et al.,2016).Although significant progress has been made in recent years in our understanding of some key factors controlling pollen-pistil interactions within species,we still know virtually nothing about the genetic and molecular basis underlying interspecific incompatibility.

关键词： traits breed nothing

Whole-genome sequence-based association study for immune cells in an eight-breed pig heterogeneous population

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2022年第11期49卷 1068-1071页

作者： Qing Zhang Jing Li Yifeng Zhang Huanfa Gong Zhimin Zhou Wenwu Xu Zhongzi Wu Yingchun Sun Tao Jiang Ziqi Ling Shijun Xiao Lusheng Huang Bin Yang State Key Laboratory for Swine Genetic Improvement and Production Technology College of Animal Science and TechnologyJiangxi Agricultural UniversityNanchangJiangxi 330045China

Pigs are an important domestic animal for meat production and animal models for biomedical research such as research on infectious diseases(Meurens et al.,2012).Immune cells,including T cells,B cells,monocytes,and macrophages,are among the major indicators of immune status in health and disease.Revealing the genetic basis of immune cell phenotypes would be helpful for improving the immunity of pigs genetically and reducing the disease occurrence,antibiotic usage.

关键词： Whole immunity breed

Improving the haploidization toolbox:Maternal factors take the stage

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Molecular Plant 2023年第4期16卷 651-653页

作者： Maria Flores-Tornero Helena Sapeta Jorg D.Becker Instituto de Tecnologia Quimica e Biologica Universidade Nova de LisboaAv.daRepublica2780-157OeirasPortugal

Plant breeders have a great interest in obtaining plants that are genetically homogeneous as quickly as possible,with high efficiency and at low cost.Conventional approaches,including selfing or backcrossing,cannot provide this.Haploid technologies,however,offer a solution and are therefore the subject of intensive research,in particular during the last decade.

关键词： breed homogeneous quickly

Conspecific nest-raiding directs more at dominant breeders in the azure-winged magpie

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Current Zoology 2022年第6期68卷 734-736页

作者： Lifang GAO Xiaodan ZHANG Tianchang YANG Shaoxue WANG Qian WANG Fangyuan LIU Zhenqin ZHU Shumei ZI Bo DU School of Life Sciences Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansu 730000China Cuiying Honors College Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouGansu 730000China

Conspecific animals in the wild use limited resources—such as food,nest site,and mating opportunities—very differently(Shuster and Wade 2003),which has been widely considered a consequence of phenotypic diversity(Sh... 详细信息

关键词： breed specific consequence

Development and Application of a Novel Functional Marker for Fragrance in Rice

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Rice science 2023年第3期30卷 176-180,I0014页

作者： SUN Pingyong ZHANG Wuhan ZHANG Li SHU Fu HE Qiang XU Na PENG Zhirong ZENG Jia FANG Pengpeng DENG Huafeng State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice/Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center Hunan Academy of Agricultural SciencesChangsha 410125China Longping Branch College of BiologyHunan UniversityChangsha 410125China Nuclear Agriculture and Space breeding Research Institute Changsha 410125China

Fragrant rice is favored worldwide by consumers and rice breeders,due to its full aroma and high nutritional value.Loss of function of the betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase gene(OsBADH2)leads to aroma in rice.Our previous sequencing results showed that fragrant rice Chuan 7 belongs to badh2-E14 type,with a 1 bp insertion mutation in exon 14(Sun et al,2021),and this allele mutation is mainly distributed in Nepal and India(Kovach et al,2009).

关键词： Marker insertion breed

Dog10K: an international sequencing effort to advance studies of canine domestication, phenotypes and health

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National Science Review 2019年第4期6卷 810-824页

作者： Elaine A.Ostrander Guo-Dong Wang Greger Larson Bridgett M.von Holdt Brian W.Davis Vidhya Jagannathan Christophe Hitte Robert K.Wayne Ya-Ping Zhang Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Texas A&M University Palaeogenomics and Bio-Archaeology Research Network School of Archaeology University of Oxford Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Princeton University IGDR CNRS University of Rennes the Dog10K Consortium National Human Genome Research Institute National Institutes of Health Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of CaliforniaLos Angeles State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Genetics Vetsuisse Faculty University of Bern

Dogs are the most phenotypically diverse mammalian species, and they possess more known heritable disorders than any other non-human mammal. Efforts to catalog and characterize genetic variation across well-chosen populations of canines are necessary to advance our understanding of their evolutionary history and genetic architecture. To date, no organized effort has been undertaken to sequence the world’s canid populations. The Dog10 K Consortium(http://www.dog10 ***) is an international collaboration of researchers from across the globe who will generate 20× whole genomes from 10 000 canids in 5 years.This effort will capture the genetic diversity that underlies the phenotypic and geographical variability of modern canids worldwide. breeds, village dogs, niche populations and extended pedigrees are currently being sequenced, and de novo assemblies of multiple canids are being constructed. This unprecedented dataset will address the genetic underpinnings of domestication, breed formation, aging, behavior and morphological variation. More generally, this effort will advance our understanding of human and canine health.

关键词： genomics genome-wide association studies(GWAS) breed selection variation evolution

An integrated approach for increasing breeding efficiency in apple and peach in Europe

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Horticulture Research 2018年第1期5卷 825-838页

作者： Francois Laurens Maria JoséAranzana Pere Arus Daniele Bassi Marco Bink Joan Bonany Andrea Caprera Luca Corelli-Grappadelli Evelyne Costes Charles-Eric Durel Jehan-Baptiste Mauroux Hélène Muranty Nelson Nazzicari Thierry Pascal Andrea Patocchi Andreas Peil Bénédicte Quilot-Turion Laura Rossini Alessandra Stella Michela Troggio Riccardo Velasco Eric van de Weg IRHS INRAAgrocampus-OuestUniversitéd’AngersSFR 4207 QuaSaVUniversitéBretagne Loire42 rue Georges MorelBeaucouzé49071France IRTA(Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries) BarcelonaSpain Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics(CRAG)CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB Campus UABBellaterraBarcelonaSpain Universitàdegli Studi di Milano-DiSAA Via Celoria 2Milan20133Italy Biometris Wageningen University and ResearchDroevendaalsesteeg 1Wageningen6708PBThe Netherlands IRTA-Mas Badia Mas BadiaLa Tallada17134Spain Parco Tecnologico Padano Via EinsteinLoc.Cascina CodazzaLodi26900Italy Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie Alma Mater Studiorum-Universitàdi BolognaBolognaItaly UMR AGAP INRAMontpellier34398France GAFL INRAMontfavet84143France Agroscope Research Division Plant BreedingSchloss 1Wädenswil8820Switzerland Julius Kühn-Institute(JKI) Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants Institute for Breeding Research on Fruit CropsPillnitzer Platz 3aDresden01326Germany Research and Innovation Center Fondazione Edmund MachSan Michele all’AdigeTrentoItaly CREA-VE Center of Viticulture and Enologyvia XXVIII Aprile 26Conegliano(TV)31015Italy Plant breeding Wageningen University and ResearchDroevendaalsesteeg 1P.O.Box 386Wageningen6700AJThe Netherlands Hendrix Genetics Research Technology&ServicesBoxmeer5830 ACThe Netherlands

Despite the availability of whole genome sequences of apple and peach,there has been a considerable gap between genomics and breeding.To bridge the gap,the European Union funded the Fruitbreedomics project(March 2011 to August 2015)involving 28 research institutes and private companies.Three complementary approaches were pursued:(i)tool and software development,(ii)deciphering genetic control of main horticultural traits taking into account allelic diversity and(iii)developing plant materials,tools and methodologies for breeders.Decisive breakthroughs were made including the making available of ready-to-go DNA diagnostic tests for Marker Assisted breeding,development of new,dense SNP arrays in apple and peach,new phenotypic methods for some complex traits,software for gene/QTL discovery on breeding germplasm via Pedigree Based Analysis(PBA).This resulted in the discovery of highly predictive molecular markers for traits of horticultural interest via PBA and via Genome Wide Association Studies(GWAS)on several European genebank collections.Fruitbreedomics also developed pre-breeding plant materials in which multiple sources of resistance were pyramided and software that can support breeders in their selection activities.Through Fruitbreedomics,significant progresses were made in the field of apple and peach breeding,genetics,genomics and bioinformatics of which advantage will be made by breeders,germplasm curators and scientists.A major part of the data collected during the project has been stored in the Fruitbreedomics database and has been made available to the public.This review covers the scientific discoveries made in this major endeavour,and perspective in the apple and peach breeding and genomics in Europe and beyond.

关键词： breeding germplasm breed

Fiber effects in nutrition and gut health in pigs

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2014年第3期5卷 273-279页

作者： Jan Erik Lindberg Department of Animal Nutrition and Management Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences

Dietary fiber is associated with impaired nutrient utilization and reduced net energy values. However, fiber has to be included in the diet to maintain normal physiological functions in the digestive tract. Moreover, the negative impact of dietary fiber will be determined by the fiber properties and may differ considerably between fiber sources. Various techniques can be applied to enhance nutritional value and utilization of available feed resources. In addition, the extent of fiber utilization is affected by the age of the pig and the pig breed. The use of potential prebiotic effects of dietary fiber is an attractive way to stimulate gut health and thereby minimize the use of anti-microbial growth promoters. Inclusion of soluble non-starch polysaccharides （NSP） in the diet can stimulate the growth of commensal gut microbes, inclusion of NSP from chicory results in changes in gut micro-environment and gut morphology of pigs, while growth performance remains unaffected and digestibility was only marginally reduced. The fermentation products and pH in digesta responded to diet type and were correlated with shifts in the microbiota. Interestingly, fiber intake will have an impact on the expression of intestinal epithelial heat-shock proteins in the pig. Heat-shock proteins have an important physiological role in the gut and carry out crucial housekeeping functions in order to maintain the mucosal barrier integrity. Thus, there are increasing evidence showing that fiber can have prebiotic effects in pigs due to interactions with the gut micro-environment and the gut associated immune system.

关键词： breed Gut health Fiber Pigs Prebiotics Utilization

The development of the Rook's(Corvus frugilegus)colony in the face of shifting spring phenology

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Avian Research 2022年第2期13卷 170-174页

作者： Adam Zbyryt Karol Zub Cezary Mitrus Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences University of Bialystok Mammal Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences Department of Vertebrate Ecology and Paleontology Institute of BiologyWroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences

Many birds species breed in colonies.One of the species in the Corvidae family nesting in groups is the Rook(Corvus frugilegus).The construction of the nest is costly for birds and needs high energy expenditure.Therefore,birds should optimize the time of nest building in relation to environmental,especially weather,conditions.Furthermore,birds should adapt their breeding phenology,including the date of starting the construction of nests for climate change.We observed the dynamics of increasing numbers of nests in a colony of Rooks in relation to air temperature,wind,rainfall,snowfall and day-length(indirect indicator of photoperiodism).Observations were carried out during three breeding seasons(2015-2017)in a large rookery in a big city in north-eastern Poland.The increase in the number of nests was correlated only with day length and no effect of climatic factors on the number of nests in the colony was observed.Number of nests varied significantly between successive years of research.In the case of the Rook(predictable breeders),the photoperiod seems to be the most important factor influencing breeding behavior,especially nest construction.In the last three decades,increasing temperature and time of spring phases have advanced and have influenced changes in the phenology of the availability of food resources.Simultaneously,a rapid decline in the numbers of breeding pairs of the Rook in Poland has been observed,especially in the last three decades.Conservative attachment to the length of the day,which is the main factor responsible for the development of the breeding colony,makes the Rook appear to be a species with low plasticity in the face of rapid climate changes.Thus,we suggest that may indirectly influence the decrease in the breeding population of the Rook.

关键词： breeding spring breed