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Assay of ghrelin concentration in infant formulas and breast milk

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第15期17卷 1971-1975页

作者： Francesco Savino Elisa Petrucci Maria Maddalena Lupica Giuliana Eva Nanni Roberto Oggero Department of Pediatrics "Regina Margherita" Children's Hospital Piazza Polonia 94-10126 Turin Italy

AIM: To test if total ghrelin is present in infant formulas. METHODS: Using a radioimmunoassay, we measured total ghrelin concentrations in 19 samples of commercial infant formulas and in 20 samples of human milk. We also determined ghrelin concentration in the serum of infants and lactating mothers. RESULTS: Ghrelin concentrations were significantly higher in artificial milk (2007.1 ± 1725.36 pg/mL) than in human milk (828.17 ± 323.32 pg/mL) (P = 0.005). The mean ghrelin concentration in infant serum (n = 56) was 1115.86 ± 42.89 pg/mL, and was significantly higher (P = 0.023) in formula-fed infants (1247.93 ± 328.07 pg/mL) than in breast-fed infants (1045.7 ± 263.38 pg/mL). The mean serum ghrelin concentration (mean ± SD) in lactating mothers (n = 20) was 1319.18 ± 140.18 pg/mL. CONCLUSION: This study provides evidence that total ghrelin is present in infant formulas. This findingraises diverse questions regarding the uptake, absorption and metabolic effects of this hormone.

关键词： breast feeding Ghrelin Human milk Infants Infant formulas

Successful management of a breastfeeding mother with severe eczema of the nipple beginning from puberty:A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2022年第28期10卷 10155-10161页

作者： Rui Li Li-Xia Zhang Ce Tian Liang-kun Ma Ying Li National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric&Gynecologic Diseases Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyPeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100730China

BACKGROUND Nipple eczema is the most common presentation of atopic dermatitis of the breast,which seriously influences breastfeeding of *** here present a case of severe nipple eczema that started in puberty and received continuous care and interventions during *** patient succeeded in breastfeeding after the *** SUMMARY A 36-year-old woman at 16 wk of gestation(gestation 1 parturition 0),visited the breastfeeding consultation clinic,complaining of excessive nipple secretion,severe itching,and concerns about *** was diagnosed with severe nipple *** education,consultation with dermatologists,topical medication,psychological support,and postpartum care were carried *** continuous interventions,her nipple eczema significantly improved,lactating confidence enhanced,anxiety symptoms were reduced,and exclusive breastfeeding was *** For lactating women with nipple eczema,breastfeeding consultants should play an important role in patient education and provide whole-process and individual guidance.

关键词： Atopic dermatitis breast feeding breastfeeding consultation Case report

feeding methods, sleep arrangement, and infant sleep patterns: a Chinese population-based study

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2016年第1期12卷 66-75页

作者： Xiao-Na Huang Hui-Shan Wang Jen-Jen Chang Lin-Hong Wang Xi-Cheng Liu Jing-Xiong Jiang Lin An Department of Children Health National Center for Maternal and Children HealthChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina Department of Epidemiology Saint Louis University College for Public Health and Social JusticeSt.Louis.MOUSA The National Center for Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina Bronchoscopy Center Affi liated Children Hospital of Beijing Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Department of Public Health Peking University Health Science CenterBeijingChina

Background:Findings from prior research into the effect of feeding methods on infant sleep are *** objectives of this study were to examine infants'sleep patterns by feeding methods and sleep arrangement from birth to eight months ***:This longitudinal cohort study enrolled 524 pregnant women at 34-41 weeks of gestation and their infants after delivery in 2006 and followed up until eight months *** study subjects were recruited from nine women and children hospitals in nine cities in China(Beijing,Chongqing,Wuhan,Changsha,Nanning,Xiamen,Xi'an,Jinan,and Hailin).Participating infants were followed up weekly during the first month and monthly from the second to the eighth month after ***-four hour sleep diaries recording infants'sleeping and feeding methods were administered based on caregiver's *** mixed growth curve models were fi tted to estimate the effects of feeding methods and sleep arrangement on infants'sleep patterns over time,controlling for maternal and paternal age,maternal and paternal education level,household income,supplementation of complementary food,and infant birth weight and ***:Exclusively formula fed infants had the greatest sleep percentage/24 h,followed by exclusively breast milk fed infants and partially breast milk fed infants(Pbreast milk fed infants weakened over time as infants *** addition,compared to infants with bed-sharing sleep arrangement,those with room sharing sleep arrangement had greater daytime and 24-hour infant sleep percentage,whereas those with sleeping alone sleep arrangement had greater nighttime sleep ***:Our data based on caregiver's selfreport suggested that partial breastfeeding and bedsharing may be associated with less sleep in *** care professio

关键词： breast feeding feeding method infant sleep sleep arrangement

Understanding South African mothers’challenges to adhere to exclusive breastfeeding at the workplace:A qualitative study

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International Journal of Nursing Sciences 2021年第3期8卷 339-346,I0007页

作者： Nompumelelo Maponya Zelda Janse van Rensburg Alida Du Plessis-Faurie Department of Nursing University of JohannesburgJohannesburgSouth Africa

Objective:This study aimed to gain an in-depth understanding of the experience of South African working mothers in the adherence to exclusive breastfeeding when returning from maternity ***:The data of the study was collected using face-to-face semi-structured *** breastfeeding mothers were purposefully selected from two primary health care clinics in Rustenburg,North West Province,South *** data were coded,categorized,and clustered into themes using Giorgi’s phenomenological *** considerations and measures of trustworthiness were adhered to throughout the ***:The findings revealed three themes:a desire for working mothers to continue the adherence to exclusive breastfeeding,workplace support for breastfeeding mothers in the adherence to exclusive breastfeeding,and an unsuitable workplace environment for the adherence to exclusive *** sub-themes were identified:the need to return to the workplace soon after baby’s birth,psychological responses in the adherence to exclusive breastfeeding,lack of support from employers and coworkers in the adherence to exclusive breastfeeding,lack of or partial implementation of breastfeeding policies in the workplace,the workplace not being supportive for mothers’having to express and the workplace not being supportive for mothers’having to store ***:Based on the findings,South African government should revisit employment policies to support working mothers who need to continue with exclusive breastfeeding after returning from maternity leave.

关键词： breast feeding Qualitative research South Africa Workplace

Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Caregivers of Children 0 - 23 Months in Eastern and Central Uganda

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2021年第6期12卷 494-508页

作者： Jacent Kamuntu Asiimwe Joweria Nambooze George Wilson Ssonko James Kakande Lilian Nyanzi Peter Kaddu Kyambogo University Kampala Uganda Nutrea Consults Ltd. Kampala Uganda Living Goods Kampala Uganda

Introduction: Appropriate feeding and consequently good nutritional status of young children largely depends on their caregivers. Aim: The current study aimed at assessing maternal/caregivers’ current knowledge, attitudes, practices, and beliefs regarding different aspects of infant and young child feeding in Eastern and Central Uganda. Methodology: A cross-sectional survey design with mixed methods employing both qualitative and quantitative methods was used for data collection. Results: The study participants included 556 caregivers and 572 children. Results indicate that most caregivers (77%) were knowledgeable about key infant and young child feeding practices such as breastfeeding, complementary feeding and meal frequency. However, culture and economic hardships were a major barrier to the applicability of this knowledge. Nearly all (98%) children were ever breastfed with 41% having been initiated on breast milk in the first hour after birth and 68% of all the children below 6 months exclusively breastfed. Three percent of the children aged 6 - 23 months were classified as having either Moderate (2%) or Severe (1%) Acute malnutrition. The median birth weight was 3.2

Resumption of Smoking by Women after Childbirth: Influence of Spousal Smoking

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Health 2016年第9期8卷 813-817页

作者： Atsuko Satoh Chikako Kishi Megumi Tomita Masumi Saitoh Miwako Hirakawa Miki Kumasaka Jinich Sasaki Sangun Lee Hidetada Sasaki Department of Nursing Hirosaki University of Health and Welfare Aomori Japan Kensei Hospital Aomori Japan Department of Physical Therapy Aomori University of Health and Welfare Aomori Japan Sendai Tomizawa Hospital Sendai Japan

To investigate factors related to resumption of smoking by women after childbirth, the smoking habits of 241 postnatal women, who initially had stopped smoking after pregnancy, in a rural city in Aomori Prefecture, Japan, were studied at 5 - 6 days, 1 month, and 12 months after childbirth. At 1 month after childbirth, only nine women had resumed smoking, but a total of 40 women had resumed smoking after 12 months. Factors related to smoking resumption after childbirth included the switching from breast feeding to bottle feeding and the influence of smoking by their spouses. Spousal smoking is an important factor in the resumption of smoking by women after childbirth.

关键词： Bottle feeding breast feeding Spousal Smoking Postnatal Smoking