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Cascading dam breach process simulation using a coupled modeling platform

Science China(Technological Sciences) 2019年第8期62卷 1455-1466页

作者： LIU ZhiPing GUO XinLei ZHOU XingBo FU Hui XIA QingFu LI ShaoJun State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research Beijing 100038 China China Renewable Energy Engineering Institute Beijing 100120 China State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan 430071 China

This study evaluates the possibility of a cascade failure by developing a coupled breach-modeling platform based on onedimensional flow modeling of the river channel, flood propagation, regulation process of reservoir fluctuation, overtopping with breaching, and wave damping downstream. A hyperbolic model of the DB-IWHR was embedded into the platform to simulate the dam breaching process. Five breach models and software were used to calculate the Tangjiashan barrier lake breaching. The results of a sensitivity study were then compared with the measured data. The peak flow and the time of occurrence were confirmed to be predictable with a reasonable accuracy if the input values were within ranges appropriate for the model. The approach was applied to a case involving two layout planning schemes for a cascade of rock-filled dams under extreme operating conditions. The probability of the failure of a key control cascade downstream caused by a continuous cascade breach upstream was simulated. Moreover, measures to prevent the transmission of risk by advance warnings were investigated. The proposed methodology and the discharge capacity measures provide guidelines to assess the risk to a cascade of dams under extreme operating conditions and offer support for the design criteria of unusual discharge structures for very large dams.

关键词： cascades dam breach extreme operating condition sensitivity analysis flood discharge structure

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Simulation of dam breach development for emergency treatment of the Tangjiashan Quake Lake in China

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2008年第S2期51卷 82-94页

作者： WANG GuangQian,LIU Fan,FU XuDong & LI TieJian State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

The Tangjiashan Quake Lake is the largest quake lake triggered by the 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake that happened on May 12,2008 in China,posing high risk of catastrophic flash flood hazards to downstream human life and properties.A physics-based numerical simulation approach is proposed for real-time prediction of dam breach development of the Tangjiashan Quake Lake in the case of emergency *** erosion and lateral development of the dam breach are represented through accounting for the underlying physics including selective sediment transport and gravitational *** breach erosion model that involves few parameters enables quick calibration based on the monitored hydrological data in emergency analysis where fully geotechnical information about the barrier dam is not *** process of dam breach development is found to be nonlinear in cascades due to the combined effects of headcutting and bank *** agreement between the simulation results and the observed data shows the applicability of the present approach for emergency analysis of quake *** will arise in the situation where the soil composition of barrier dam is significantly *** of circular arc failure for cohesive soil and lateral seepage in bank slope will also enhance its applicability to complex situations.

关键词： quake lake earthquake dam breach simulation numerical model erosion collapse headcutting

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An approach to quick and easy evaluation of the dam breach flood

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2019年第10期62卷 1773-1782页

作者： CHEN ZuYu PING ZiYi WANG NaiXin YU Shu CHEN ShuJing Institute of Geotechnical Engineering Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China Key Laboratory of Soft Soils and Geoenvironmental Engineering of Ministry of Education Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower ResearchBeijing100038China Department of Engineering Training National Academy for Mayors of ChinaBeijing100029China

In the context of an impending dam failure, quick evaluation of dam breach flood is necessary. Previous studies provided an approach to calculate the dam breach hydrograph using an Excel spreadsheet based on the improved soil erosion model and numerical algorithm. However, calculation of the breach lateral enlargement requires the modeling of the successive collapse of the breach banks. It is time-consuming with special training, which is difficult to provide during an emergency. This study proposes that the lateral enlargement process can be modeled using a hyperbolic relationship with sufficient accuracy. Consequently, field engineers can perform the dam breach analysis along with the sensitive study for a target case within 1 h in an Excel spreadsheet which is self-tutorial. This paper presents this easy and quick approach based on only fifteen input parameters that can be determined based on the experience. This approach can also be used for the preliminary study when a dam safety planning work is undertaken.

关键词： dam breach flood breach lateral enlargement hyperbolic relationship

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Numerical modeling of earthen dam breach due to piping failure

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Water Science and Engineering 2019年第3期12卷 169-178页

作者： Sheng-shui Chen Qi-ming Zhong Guang-ze Shen Department of Geotechnical Engineering Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute Nanjing 210024 China Key Laboratory of Failure Mechanism and Safety Control Techniques of Earth-rock Dam of the Ministry of Water Resources Nanjing 210029 China Department of Dam Safety Management Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute Nanjing 210029 China

Based on model tests of earthen dam breach due to piping failure, a numerical model was developed.A key difference from previous research is the assumption that the cross-section of the pipe channel is an arch, with a rectangle at the bottom and a semicircle at the top before the collapse of the pipe roof, rather than a rectangular or circular cross-section.A shear stress-based erosion rate formula was utilized, and the arched pipe tunnel was assumed to enlarge along its length and width until the overlying soil could no longer maintain *** flow and open channel flow were adopted to calculate the breach flow discharge for pressure and free surface flows, *** collapse of the pipe roof was determined by comparing the weight of the overlying soil and the cohesion of the soil on the two sidewalls of the *** the collapse, overtopping failure dominated, and the limit equilibrium method was adopted to estimate the stability of the breach slope when the water flow *** addition, incomplete and base erosion, as well as one-and two-sided breaches were taken into *** USDAARS-HERU model test P1, with detailed measured data, was used as a case study, and two artificially filled earthen dam failure cases were studied to verify the *** analysis demonstrates that the proposed model can provide satisfactory results for modeling the breach flow discharge and breach development *** analysis shows that the soil erodibility and initial piping position significantly affect the prediction of the breach flow ***, a comparison with a well-known numerical model shows that the proposed model performs better than the NWS breach model.

关键词： Earthen dam Piping failure Overtopping failure breach flow Numerical modeling Sensitivity analysis

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Experiment and Simulation of Earthen Embankment breach

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2015年第10期3卷 59-65页

作者： Sanit Wongsa Department of Civil Technology Education King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT) Bangkok Thailand

Many studies of earthen embankment failure from overtopping flow have been conducted in various aspects. Most of them focused on the mechanism of breach, depth and width of erosion, and breach hydrograph. The results were obtained either from both physical and numerical modeling and/or coupling techniques. However, a physical hydraulic model of the effect of breach mechanism under three types;overtopping, beneath structure and piping hole have not been studied. Fixed embankment slopes with scale of 1:8.5 were employed to perform the experiment. It was found that the piping hole case at the toe of embankment was the most severe damage. The iRIC Nays2D numerical model shows a good performance of simulated results in both water flow and breach morphological characteristics, indicating that the model simulation is reasonable.

关键词： Embankment breach Characteristics of Failure Overtopping Beneath Structure Piping Hole

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The effectiveness of the department of defense's field manual 3-11 in detecting,deterring and degrading the breach of a combat base by a human-borne with bioagent(HBBA):perceptions of security personnel

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Journal of Medical Colleges of PLA(China) 2016年第2期31卷 66-72页

作者： George Edafese Alakpa John W.Collins Jr Department of Professional Security Studies New Jersey City University

Background: The department of defense's field manual(FM) 3-11 is among the military's field manuals for preparing for, reacting to and recovering from chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear attacks. Since post 9-11, U.S. military service members have been deployed in the global war on terrorism. This study attempted to determine the effectiveness of the FM 3-11 in detecting, deterring or preventing a human-borne with bioagent(HBBA) terrorist breach at an entry control point(ECP).Methods: This time-specific, cross-sectional study disseminated a validated survey tool with Cronbach's α>0.82 to respondents who have had antiterrorism training and combat ECP experience. The return rate was greater than 75.0%; however, many of the respondents failed to meet the inclusion criteria. Consequently, only 26 questionnaires were included in the ***: The results revealed that while over 60.0% of the respondents either strongly agreed or agreed that biointelligence, the deployment of biodetectors and the use of biowarning systems could be effective in preventing an ECP breach by a terrorist with a bioagent, the use of protective equipment and immunization to decontaminate service members or other tactics, techniques and procedures(TTPs) would never prevent a breach. A large percentage of respondents claimed that soldiers at the ECP lacked the devices or the knowledge to detect an HBBA at an ECP, and 72.0% suggested modifying current ECP TTPs to include education, training and equipment for security personnel at military base ***: If obtained from appropriate sources and communicated to the personnel at the ECP in an effective or timely manner, the possible effectiveness of certain TTPs in the FM 3-11, specifically FM 3-11.86(intelligence), might increase.

关键词： Do D FM 3-11 Bioterrorism breach of Combat ECP HBBA terrorist Security personnel Perception

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Dam breach Analysis Using HEC-RAS and HEC-GeoRAS: The Case of Kesem Kebena Dam

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Open Journal of Modern Hydrology 2019年第4期9卷 113-142页

作者： Abimael Leoul Nebiyou Kassahun Hydraulic Engineering Department Institute of Technology College Debre Markos University Debre Markos Ethiopia

Ethiopia has been booming with active construction of dams within the past few decades for different infrastructural needs, but has never experienced demolition or failure of dams in its history;hence little attention is being given to possible breach scenarios of dams and the resulting floodings. This paper makes analysis of the possible breach of kesem dam and the resulting flood inundation. In this study, the dam has been checked for both overtopping and piping failure modes using one dimensional river analysis model called HEC-RAS. Empirical equations were used to predict dam breach parameters of the two failure modes for use in this model. PMF inflow with a peak 9237.77 m3/s is used as an input to the reservoir to check if overtopping failure was possible. The spill way has proven to have adequate capacity for the flood due to the PMF. Therefore, breaching of the embankment was not possible. Piping failure was also simulated in HEC-RAS and the resulting breach due to piping failure, was analyzed and flood hydrograph was obtained at different cross sections along the river. These are flood hydrographs at 20 km, 40 km and 60 km at the downstream. The resulting flood plain was also mapped using HEC-GeoRas to show the extent of flooding.

关键词： Dam breach Analysis Flood Mapping HEC-RAS HEC-GeoRAS

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Why Does the Repaired Len Small Levee, Alexander County, Illinois, US Continue to breach during Major Flooding Events?

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2020年第1期10卷 16-43页

作者： Kenneth R. Olson David R. Speidel Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences College of Agricultural Consumer and Environmental Sciences University of Illinois Urbana IL USA Retired USDA Resource Conservationist and Agricultural Consultant with Natural Resource Conservation Service and Foreign Agricultural Service Benton MO USA

One only needs to study the soil and geologic history and location of the ancient Mississippi and Ohio Rivers to understand why Len Small levee if patched will continue to fail. Much of Dogtooth Bend located in Alexander County, Illinois was originally in the ancient Ohio River valley (Figure 1) alluvial sediments north and east of the confluence with the ancient Mississippi River. The ancient Ohio River valley soils underlain by alluvial sediments and have been easily eroded by the re-aligning modern Mississippi River which now travels through the bedrock controlled Thebes Gap (Figure 2) and into the Ancient Ohio river valley. The primary objectives of this paper are: 1) to explain why Len Small levee, Alexander County, Illinois, US will continue to breach during major flooding events if repaired and 2) to develop a new combined raised causeway and levee system which will provide a Mississippi River floodwater bypass, be sustainable, encourage and fund a land use change, restore the degraded highway road beds, protect remaining Dogtooth Bend farmsteads and farmland that have not yet been degraded by past flooding events and provide floodwater storage during major flooding events at the confluence of the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers.

关键词： Mississippi River Flooding Navigation Water Storage Land Use Change Len Small Levee Little River Diversion Channel Land Degradation Levee breach

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breach模型与River2D模型在土石坝溃坝中的耦合分析

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吉林水利 2015年第1期 15-18页

作者：周清勇傅琼华江西省水利科学研究院江西南昌330029

breach是一个用于对土石坝进行溃坝分析以获取时间和流量关系的模型,River2D是一个用于模拟下游洪泛区内溃坝洪水演进以获取全要素风险信息的模型。两个模型的耦合分析在保护水库的安全及管理水库的运行方面有着预防的作用。

关键词： breach River2D 土石坝溃坝耦合

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Overtopping breaching of cohesive homogeneous earth dam with different cohesive strength

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2009年第10期52卷 3024-3029页

作者： ZHANG JianYun LI Yun XUAN GuoXiang WANG XiaoGang LI Jun Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute Nanjing 210029China State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering Nanjing 210029China

In consideration of the range of clay content of Chinese earth dams, the world's highest prototype tests have been made to research on the effects of cohesive strength of filling of cohesive homogeneous earth dam on breach formation. Three breach mechanisms were presented, they were the source-tracing erosion of dam body with the form of "multilevel headcut", "two-helix flow" erosion of dam crest and collapse of breach sidewalls due to instability. It can be concluded that the cohesive strength of filling of earth dam has great effect on breach formation. When the cohesive strength is bigger, the breach process becomes slower, and the peak outflow and the final width and depth of breach become smaller. The main character of the breach formation is head cutting and dumping collapse. When the cohesive strength is smaller, the breach process becomes faster, and the peak outflow, the final width and depth of breach become bigger. The main character of the breach formation is single level head cutting and shearing collapse.

关键词： earth dam breach mechanism headcut two-helix flow

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