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Fractionated resection on low grade gliomas involving Broca＇s area and insights to brain plasticity

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Chinese Medical Journal 2008年第20期121卷 2026-2030页

作者： WU Chen-xing PU Song LIN Yi WANG Yong-zhi JIANG Tao XIE Jian WEI Miao YI Xiao-li WANG Xiao-yi Department of Neurosurgery Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University Beijing 100050 China Department of Neuroimage Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University Beijing 100050 China Department of Neurosurgery First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin Heilongjiang 150001 China Department of Neurosurgery First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese Medical University Shenyang Liaoning 110001 China State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning Beijing 100875 China

Background Resent advances on functional mapping have enabled us to conduct surgery on gliomas within the eloquent area. The objective of the article is to discuss the feasibility of a planned fractionated strategy of resection on low-grade gliomas （LGGs） involving Broca＇s area. We report the first surgical series of planned fractionated resections on LGGs within Broca＇s area, focusing on language functional reshaping. Methods Four patients were treated with fractionated operations for LGGs involving Broca＇s area. All cases underwent conventional magnetic resonance （MR） scanning, language functional MR and diffusion tensor imaging （DTI） before operation. The resections were then performed on patients under awake anesthesia using intraoperative electrical stimulation （IES） for functional mapping. Pre- and post-operative neuro-psychological examinations were evaluated.Results Total resections were achieved in all cases as confirmed by the postoperative control MR. After transient language worsening, all patients recovered to normal 3-6 months later. Language functional MR scannings have shown language functional cortical and subcortical pathway reorganization （in the perilesion or contra-lateral hemisphere） after the operation. All patients returned to a normal socioprofessional life. Conclusions By utilizing the dynamic interaction between brain plasticity and fractionated resections, we can totally remove the tumor involving Broca＇s structure without inducing permanent postoperative deficits and even improve the quality of life.

关键词： low-grade gliomas Broca＇s area fractionated resection brain plasticity

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第二语言学习与脑可塑性

心理学

Contralateral S1 function is involved in electroacupuncture treatment-mediated recovery after focal unilateral M1 infarction

心理学 2019年第6期

作者：程凯文邓颜蕙颜红梅

脑可塑性指人脑会因为环境刺激、认知需求和行为经验而产生功能或结构改变。近10年来的单双语者对比和语言训练研究结果表明，不论儿童、青年或老年人，第二语言学习和使用都能改变其脑运行模式并带来相应结构变化，包括灰质(GM)体积和... 详细信息

脑可塑性指人脑会因为环境刺激、认知需求和行为经验而产生功能或结构改变。近10年来的单双语者对比和语言训练研究结果表明，不论儿童、青年或老年人，第二语言学习和使用都能改变其脑运行模式并带来相应结构变化，包括灰质(GM)体积和白质(WM)密度增加，且长期持续的双语经验还能形成认知优势，帮助抵制由老化导致的负面认知影响。基于脑可塑性概念及其研究证据，从双语经验与语言训练两方面，对比分析了长期和短期第二语言学习引起脑功能或结构变化及其内在机制，并对未来相关研究进行了展望。

关键词：第二语言学习脑可塑性双语效应语言训练　　L2 learning brain plasticity bilingual effect language training

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第6期17卷 1310-1317页

作者： Lu-Lu Yao Si Yuan Zhen-Nan Wu Jian-Yu Luo Xiao-Rong Tang Chun-Zhi Tang Shuai Cui Neng-Gui Xu South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion Medical College of Acupuncture Moxibustion and RehabilitationGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian Anhui University of Chinese MedicineHefeiAnhui ProvinceChina

Acupuncture at acupoints Baihui(GV20)and Dazhui(GV14)has been shown to promote functional recovery after stroke.However,the contribution of the contralateral primary sensory cortex(S1)to recovery remains unclear.In this study,unilateral local ischemic infarction of the primary motor cortex(M1)was induced by photothrombosis in a mouse model.Electroacupuncture(EA)was subsequently performed at acupoints GV20 and GV14 and neuronal activity and functional connectivity of contralateral S1 and M1 were detected using in vivo and in vitro electrophysiological recording techniques.Our results showed that blood perfusion and neuronal interaction between contralateral M1 and S1 is impaired after unilateral M1 infarction.Intrinsic neuronal excitability and activity were also disturbed,which was rescued by EA.Furthermore,the effectiveness of EA treatment was inhibited after virus-mediated neuronal ablation of the contralateral S1.We conclude that neuronal activity of the contralateral S1 is important for EA-mediated recovery after focal M1 infarction.Our study provides insight into how the S1-M1 circuit might be involved in the mechanism of EA treatment of unilateral cerebral infarction.The animal experiments were approved by the Committee for Care and Use of Research Animals of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine(approval No.20200407009)April 7,2020.

关键词： brain plasticity electroacupuncture electrophysiology recording neuronal activity primary motor cortex primary sensory cortex stroke

Structural remodeling in related brain regions in patients with facial synkinesis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第12期16卷 2528-2533页

作者： Jia-Jia Wu Ye-Chen Lu Mou-Xiong Zheng Xu-Yun Hua Chun-Lei Shan Wei Ding Jian-Guang Xu Center of Rehabilitation Medicine Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina Wound Healing Center Ruijin HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina Department of Trauma and Orthopedics Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina School of Rehabilitation Science Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Shanghai Ninth People’s HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina

Facial synkinesis is a troublesome sequelae of facial nerve malfunction.It is difficult to recover from synkinesis,despite improved surgical techniques for isolating the peripheral facial nerve branches.Furthermore,it remains unclear whether long-term dysfunction of motor control can lead to irreversible plasticity-induced structural brain changes.This case-control study thus investigated the structural brain alterations associated with facial synkinesis.The study was conducted at Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,China.Twenty patients with facial synkinesis(2 male and 18 female,aged 33.35±6.97 years)and 19 healthy volunteers(2 male and 17 female,aged 33.21±6.75 years)underwent magnetic resonance imaging,and voxel-based and surface-based morphometry techniques were used to analyze data.There was no significant difference in brain volume between patients with facial synkinesis and healthy volunteers.Patients with facial synkinesis exhibited a significantly reduced cortical thickness in the contralateral superior and inferior temporal gyri and a reduced sulcal depth of the ipsilateral precuneus compared with healthy volunteers.In addition,sulcal depth of the ipsilateral precuneus was negatively correlated with the severity of depression.These findings suggest that there is a structural remodeling of gray matter in patients with facial synkinesis after facial nerve malfunction.This study was approved by the Ethics Review Committee of the Ninth People’s Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,China(approval No.2017-365-T267)on September 13,2017,and was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry(registration number:ChiCTR1800014630)on January 25,2018.

关键词： brain plasticity cortical thickness depression facial nerve paralysis facial synkinesis peripheral nerve injury sulcal depth structural remodeling surface-based morphometry voxel-based morphometry

Proteomic analysis of trans-hemispheric motor cortex reorganization following contralateral C7 nerve transfer

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第2期13卷 331-339页

作者： Yin Yuan Xiu-yue Xu Jie Lao Xin Zhao Department of Hand Surgery Huashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina Key Laboratory of Hand Reconstruction Ministry of HealthShanghaiChina Shanghai Key Laboratory of Peripheral Nerve&Microsurgery ShanghaiChina

Nerve transfer is the most common treatment for total brachial plexus avulsion injury. After nerve transfer, the movement of the injured limb may be activated by certain movements of the healthy limb at the early stage of recovery, i.e., trans-hemispheric reorganization. Pre- vious studies have focused on functional magnetic resonance imaging and changes in brain-derived neurotrophic factor and growth asso- ciated protein 43, but there have been no proteomics studies. In this study, we designed a rat model of total brachial plexus avulsion injury involving contralateral C7 nerve transfer. Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation and western blot assay were then used to screen differentially expressed proteins in bilateral motor cortices. We found that most differentially expressed proteins in both cortices of upper limb were associated with nervous system development and function （including neuron differentiation and development, axonogenesis, and guidance）, microtubule and cytoskeleton organization, synapse plasticity, and transmission of nerve impulses. Two key differentially expressed proteins, neurofilament light （NFL） and Thy-1, were identified. In contralateral cortex, the NFL level was upregulated 2 weeks after transfer and downregulated at 1 and 5 months. The Thy-1 level was upregulated from 1 to 5 months. In the affected cortex, the NFL level increased gradually from 1 to 5 months. Western blot results of key differentially expressed proteins were consistent with the proteom- ic findings. These results indicate that NFL and Thy-1 play an important role in trans-hemispheric organization following total brachial plexus root avulsion and contralateral C7 nerve transfer.

关键词： nerve regeneration brachial plexus brain plasticity contralateral C,q cortex reorganization isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation proteomics nerve transfer neurofilament light Thy-1 neural regeneration

Non-concomitant cortical structural and functional alterations in sensorimotor areas following incomplete spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2017年第12期12卷 2059-2066页

作者： Yu Pan Wei-bei Dou Yue-heng Wang Hui-wen Luo Yun-xiang Ge Shu-yu Yan Quan Xu Yuan-yuan Tu Yan-qing Xiao Qiong Wu Zhuo-zhao Zheng Hong-liang Zhao Department of Rehabilitation Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital Beijing China School of Clinical Medicine Tsinghua University Beijing China Department of Electronic Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing China Department of Radiology Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital Beijing China

brain plasticity, including anatomical changes and functional reorganization, is the physiological basis of functional recovery after spinal cord injury（SCI）. The correlation between brain anatomical changes and functional reorganization after SCI is unclear. This study aimed to explore whether alterations of cortical structure and network function are concomitant in sensorimotor areas after incomplete SCI. Eighteen patients with incomplete SCI（mean age 40.94 ± 14.10 years old; male：female, 7：11） and 18 healthy subjects（37.33 ± 11.79 years old; male：female, 7：11） were studied by resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Gray matter volume（GMV） and functional connectivity were used to evaluate cortical structure and network function, respectively. There was no significant alteration of GMV in sensorimotor areas in patients with incomplete SCI compared with healthy subjects. Intra-hemispheric functional connectivity between left primary somatosensory cortex（BA1） and left primary motor cortex（BA4）, and left BA1 and left somatosensory association cortex（BA5） was decreased, as well as inter-hemispheric functional connectivity between left BA1 and right BA4, left BA1 and right BA5, and left BA4 and right BA5 in patients with SCI. Functional connectivity between both BA4 areas was also decreased. The decreased functional connectivity between the left BA1 and the right BA4 positively correlated with American Spinal Injury Association sensory score in SCI patients. The results indicate that alterations of cortical anatomical structure and network functional connectivity in sensorimotor areas were non-concomitant in patients with incomplete SCI, indicating the network functional changes in sensorimotor areas may not be dependent on anatomic structure. The strength of functional connectivity within sensorimotor areas could serve as a potential imaging biomarker for assessment and prediction of sensory function in patients with incomplete SCI. This trial was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry（regi

关键词： nerve regeneration incomplete spinal cord injury gray matter volume functional connectivity sensorimotor areas functionalmagnetic resonance imaging brain plasticity non-concomitant anatomical structure network imaging biomarker neural regeneration

Recovery mechanisms of somatosensory function in stroke patients: implications of brain imaging studies

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2013年第3期29卷 366-372页

作者： Sung Ho Jang Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation College of Medicine Yeungnam University

Somatosensory dysfunction is associated with a high incidence of functional impairment and safety in patients with stroke. With developments in brain mapping techniques, many studies have addressed the recovery of various functions in such patients. However, relatively little is known about the mechanisms of recovery of somatosensory function. Based on the previous human studies, a review of 11 relevant studies on the mecha- nisms underlying the recovery of somatosensory function in stroke patients was conducted based on the fol- lowing topics：（1） recovery of an injured somatosensory pathway, （2） peri-lesional reorganization, （3） contribu- tion of the unaffected somatosensory cortex, （4） contribution of the secondary somatosensory cortex, and （5） mechanisms of recovery in patients with thalamic lesions. We believe that further studies in this field using combinations of diffusion tensor imaging, functional neuroimaging, and magnetoencephalography are needed. In addition, the clinical significance, critical period, and facilitatory strategies for each recovery mechanism should be clarified.

关键词： stroke somatosensory recovery brain mapping brain plasticity

Study on the Correlation between Synaptic Reconstruction and Astrocyte after Ischemia and the Influence of Electroacupuncture on Rats

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2011年第10期17卷 750-757页

作者：罗燕许能贵易玮于涛杨忠华 Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Guangxi College of Traditional Chinese Medicine College of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Massage Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Depertment of Acupuncture & Moxibustion Guangdong Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine

Objective： To observe the effects of electroacupuncture （EA） on the structure parameters of synapse and reactive changes of astrocyte in the marginal zone of focal cerebral ischemia in rats at different time zones so as to further explore its underlying mechanisms in the treatment of cerebral ischemia. Methods： Ninety male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to sham-operation, model, and EA groups, with 30 animals in each group. Each group was subdivided into 1 h, as well as 1, 3, 7, and 21 days post-operation groups, with 6 animals assigned to each time point subgroup. Heat coagulation-induced occlusion of the middle cerebral artery was performed to establish a model of focal cerebral ischemia. EA was applied immediately following surgery to the EA group [4/20 Hz, 2.0-3.0 V, 1-3 mA, to Baihui （GV20） and Dazhui （GV14）] for 30 min. Treatment was performed once a day, and experimental animals were sacrificed at 1 h, as well as 1, 3, 7 and 21 days postoperation. The ultrastructure changes in synapse and astrocytes were observed by using transmission electron microscopy. Glial fibrillary acidic protein （GFAP） expression and Ca2＋ of astrocytes were measured by using laser confocal scanning microscope. Excitatory amino acid transporters-2 （EAAT2） and connexin 43 （CX43） expressions were assayed with immunohistochemical method. Canonical correlation analysis was conducted between structure parameters of synapse and parameters of astrocyte in the same time and group. Results： Broken synapses were observed following cerebral ischemia, and the numbers of synapses were significantly decreased. Compared with the model group, synaptic ultrastructure was significantly improved in the EA group. Compared with the sham-operation group, synaptic number density was significantly decreased, as were postsynaptic density thickness, synaptic cleft width and synaptic interface curvature in the EA and model groups. However, compared with the model group, postsynaptic density thickness was significantly increased in the EA group at the same

关键词： electroacupuncture ischemia brain plasticity synaptic reorganization astrocyte rat

针刺通过调节脑可塑性相关信号缓解脑卒中肢体痉挛状态研究进展

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World Journal of Acupuncture-Moxibustion 2023年第2期33卷 65-71页

作者：周子安王思蓉张静郭茹绘郭斌宁夏医科大学临床医学院银川750004 宁夏医科大学药学院银川750004 宁夏医科大学中医学院银川750004 宁夏少数民族医药现代化重点实验室银川750004 湖南中医药大学针灸推拿学院长沙410208

Stroke may cause upper motor neurons lesions, and thus limb spasm may occur. brain plasticity refers to the brain's ability to change and adapt the environment and experience when the nervous system is damaged. Acupuncture can relieve the relevant pathological status due to stroke by enhancing brain plasticity. Specifically, acupuncture may finally achieve the balance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters by inhibiting the expression of neurotransmitter GABA, neurotrophic factor BDNF and proteins related to synaptic plasticity. This article analyzed and summarized that taking advantage of nervous plasticity the acupuncture could regenerate nervous cells and restore the related regulation of the movement by upper motor neurons, so as to relieving limb spasticity. It also summarized the research and application of acupuncture in regulating related signals, providing a systematic thought for the future study on acupuncture in the treatment of stroke induced limb.

关键词： brain plasticity Synaptic plasticity related proteins Stroke Spasticity Acupuncture