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Modeling and simulation of bow wave effect in probe and drogue aerial refueling

Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2016年第2期29卷 448-461页

作者： Dai Xunhua Wei Zibo Quan Quan School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering Beihang University

In a probe and drogue aerial refueling system, the bow wave of the receiver aircraft will produce a strong aerodynamic effect on the drogue once the receiver follows the drogue at a close distance. It is a major difficulty of docking control in the probe and drogue refueling. This paper analyses the bow wave effect and presents a simple method to model it. Firstly, the inviscid flow around the receiver is modeled based on the stream function defined by basic stream singularities. Secondly, a correction function is developed to eliminate the error caused by the absence of air vis- cosity. Then, the aerodynamic coefficients are used to calculate the induced aerodynamic force on the drogue. The obtained model is in an analytical form that can be easily applied to the controller design and the real-time simulations. In the verification part, computational fluid dynamics （CFD） simulation tests are conducted to validate the obtained flow fields and aerodynamic forces. Finally, the modeling method is applied to an F-16 receiver aircraft in a previously developed autonomous aerial refueling simulation system. The simulations results are analyzed and compared with the NASA flight-test data, which demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method.

关键词： Aerial refueling Aerodynamic bow wave Modeling Probe and drogueUAV

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Ship bow waves

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2013年第4期25卷 491-501页

作者： NOBLESSE Francis DELHOMMEAU Gerard LIU Hua WAN De-cheng YANG Chi State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering School of Naval Architecture Ocean and Civil Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Laboratoire de Mecanique des Fluides Ecole CentraleNantes France School of Physics Astronomy and Computational Sciences George Mason University

The bow wave generated by a ship hull that advances at constant speed in calm water is considered. The bow wave only depends on the shape of the ship bow （not on the hull geometry aft of the bow wave）. This basic property makes it possible to de- termine the bow waves generated by a canonical family of ship bows defined in terms of relatively few parameters. Fast ships with fine bows generate overturning bow waves that consist of detached thin sheets of water, which are mostly steady until they hit the main free surface and undergo turbulent breaking up and diffusion. However, slow ships with blunt bows create highly unsteady and turbulent breaking bow waves. These two alternative flow regimes are due to a nonlinear constraint related to the Bernoulli relation at the free surface. Recent results about the ove^urning and breaking bow wave regimes, and the boundary that divides these two basic flow regimes, are reviewed. Questions and conjectures about the energy of breaking ship bow waves, and free-surface effects on flow circulation, are also noted.

关键词： bow wave overturning wave breaking wave wave height wave energy

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Numerical simulations of wake signatures around high-speed ships

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2014年第6期26卷 986-989页

作者：王本龙郭晓宇刘桦何辰 School of Naval Architecture Ocean and Civil Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Hydrodynamics Shanghai Jiao Tong University Xi’an Precision Engineering Institute

Navier-Stokes equations are solved to obtain the near field flow and to reveal the generation of droplets due to the breaking of the bow wave. With an adaptive refinement of the Octree mesh, the fine scale flow characteristics, the wave breaking and the splashing are well simulated. For high-speed ships, the V-shape ship wave pattern with the angle smaller than the classical Kelvin angle is confirmed by the present numerical results, which can also be applied to the catamaran. Comparisons of the vertical velocity distributions induced by the mono-hull ship and the catamaran are made at different locations in the wake regions.

关键词： bow wave breaking wave volume of fluid method

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Observations and computations of narrow Kelvin ship wakes

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Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science 2016年第1期1卷 52-65页

作者： Francis Noblesse Chenliang Zhang Jiayi He Yi Zhu Chenjun Yang Wei Li State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering School of Naval ArchitectureOcean&Civil EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina

Computations of far-field ship waves,based on linear potential flow theory and the Hogner approximation,are reported for monohull ships and ***,far-field ship waves are computed for six monohull ships at four Froude numbers F≡V/√gL=0.58,0.68,0.86,1.58 and for six catamarans with nondimensional hull spacing s≡S/L=0.25 at two Froude numbers F s≡V/√gS=1 and ***,g is the gravitational acceleration,V and L denote the ship speed and length,and S is the separation distance between the twin hulls of a *** computations show that,although the amplitudes of the waves created by a ship are strongly influenced by the shape of the ship hull,as well known,the ray angles where the largest waves are found are only weakly influenced by the hull shape and indeed are mostly a kinematic feature of the flow around a ship *** important practical consequence of this flow feature is that the apparent wake angle of general monohull ships or catamarans(with arbitrarily-shaped hulls)can be estimated,without computations,by means of simple analytical relations;these relations,obtained elsewhere via parametric computations,are given ***,the influence of the two parameters F s and s that largely determine the ray angles of the dominant waves created by a catamaran is illustrated via computations for three catamarans with hull spacings s=0.2,0.35,0.5 at four Froude numbers F s=1,1.5,2,*** computations confirm that the largest waves created by wide and/or fast catamarans are found at ray angles that only depend on F s(*** do not depend on the hull spacing s)in agreement with an elementary analysis of lateral interference between the dominant waves created by the bows(or sterns)of the twin hulls of a *** dominant-waves ray angles predicted by the theory of wave-interference effects for monohull ships and catamarans are also compared with the observations of narrow Kelvin ship wakes reported by Rabaud and Moisy,and found to be cons

关键词： Kelvin wake Narrow ship wake Monohull ship Catamaran wave interference bow wave Stern wave.

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Real Time Simulation of Ship Wake Based on Particle System

Real Time Simulation of Ship Wake Based on Particle System

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2013年中国智能自动化学术会议

作者： Xin Zhao Zhisheng Li Information Engineering College Dalian University The unit 91550 of PLA

A new ship wake simulation method based on particle systems was proposed in this *** firstly modeled 2-D ship waves by using Kelvin waves theory,and then extended it to 3-D model by using particle *** that,we simulated bow wave and stern wave with experiential models through actual observation on their shape characteristics,range and *** results show that the modeling methods are efficient and realistic for ship wakes simulation.

关键词： Ship wakes bow wave Stern wave Ship wave Kelvin waves Particle systems

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