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Do bovids evolve hindquarter markings for anti-predation?

Current Zoology 2022年第2期68卷 143-148页

作者： Cong Yu Lixin CHEN Sihan NING Sana ULLAH Zhongqiu LI Laboratory of Animal Behavior and Conservation School of Life SciencesNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Department of Zoology Division of Science and TechnologyUniversity of EducationLahore 54000Pakistan

Conspicuous coloration in animals serves many functions such as ***-predation strategies include motion dazzle and flash *** dazzle markings can reduce the probability of being preyed on because the predators misjudge their *** flash behavior,prey demonstrate conspicuous cue while fleeing;the predators follow them;however,the prey hide their markings and the predators assume that the prey has *** investigate whether bovids use conspicuous hindquarter markings as an anti-predatory behavior,we undertook phylogenetically controlled analyses to explore under what physiological characteristics and environmental factors bovids might have this color *** results suggested that rump patches and tail markings were more prevalent in bovids living in larger-sized groups,which supports the hypothesis of intraspecific ***,we observed the occurrence of conspicuous white hindquarter markings in bovids having smaller body size and living in larger groups,suggesting a motion dazzle ***,the feature of facultative exposing color patterns(flash markings)was not associated with body size,which was inconsistent with predictions and implied that bovids may not adopt this as an anti-predator *** was concluded that species in bovids with conspicuous white hindquarter markings adopt motion dazzle as an anti-predation strategy while fleeing and escaping from being prey on.

关键词： anti-predation bovid flash behavior hindquarter markings interspecies communication motion dazzle

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Purification and Characterisation of Xanthine Oxidoreductases from Local bovids in Malta

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Advances in Enzyme Research 2014年第1期2卷 54-63页

作者： Marita Vella Therese Hunter Claude Farrugia Arwen R. Pearson Gary Hunter Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology University of Leeds Leeds UK Department of Chemistry University of Malta Msida Malta Department of Physiology and Biochemistry University of Malta Msida Malta

Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) is a molybdoflavoprotein mainly involved in purine catabolism. It exists in two forms, the oxidase (XO) and dehydrogenase (XDH) which are inter-convertible within mammalian cells. Although various researchers have reported the extraction of mammalian XOR, no extractions have yet been carried out in Malta and subsequently no characterizations are available. In this study, XOR was successfully purified from bovine, caprine and ovine milk through a multistep purification process involving both chemical and chromatographic techniques. The molecular weights of the native enzyme were found to be 295 kDa, 281 kDa and 275 kDa, representing the bovine, caprine and ovine XOR respectively. Western blot showed XOR to be represented on SDS-PAGE by a minimum of three major bands having molecular weights of 151 kDa, 131 kDa and 85 kDa. While all samples showed activity on native PAGE, spectrophotometric assays revealed the bovine XOR to be the most active. Surprisingly, the addition of NAD+ to the assay mixture inhibited enzyme activity of the bovine and caprine XOR whereas the ovine XOR doubled its activity in response to NAD+. The latter also showed a lower binding affinity to heparin. Following incubation with trypsin, XOR was irreversibly converted to its oxidase form in all samples as reflected by the observed increase in XO activity.

关键词： Xanthine Xanthine Dehydrogenase Xanthine Oxidase Milk bovid Malta

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FOSSIL bovidS FROM THE MIDDLE OLIGOCENE OF ULANTATAL, NEI MONGOL

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古脊椎动物学报(中英文） 1985年第2期 158-160页

作者： Huang Xueshi Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Academia Sinica

Fossil of bovids was not known before Late Oligocene except Palaeohypsodontus asiaticus Trofimov, 1958, represented only by a broken mandible with M;-M;and an isolated M;. The discoovery of the new finds from the Midd... 详细信息

关键词： Ulantatal, Nei Mongol Middle Oligocene bovid

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