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Former botanical garden of ORSTOM(Côte d’Ivoire):What Remain after Thirty Years of Abandonment and Forest Restoration

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Journal of botanical Research 2023年第1期5卷 1-11页

作者： Ouattara Noufou Doudjo Ouattara Ahmed Douffi Kouakou Guy-Casimir KonéDofoungo Coulibaly Brahima Bakayoko Adama Laboratoire d’Ecologie et Développement Durable(LEDD) UFR Sciences de la NatureUniversitéNANGUI ABROGOUA02 BP 801 Abidjan 02Côte d’Ivoire UFR Sciences Biologiques UniversitéPelefero Gon CoulibalyBP 1328 KorhogoCôte d’Ivoire Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d’Ivoire(CSRS) 01 BP 1303 Abidjan 01Côte d’Ivoire Centre National de Recherche Agronomique(CNRA) 08 BP 33 Abidjan 08Côte d’Ivoir

botanical gardens represent important places for ex situ conservation.One of these botanical gardens has been abandoned in Côte d’Ivoire for 30 years.This is the former botanical garden of ORSTOM.This study was conducted to determine the level of diversity of this former garden in order to assess the opportunity for its rehabilitation.The authors carried out inventories in 18 quadrats of 500 m2 through the vegetation to collect woody species.Dendrometric measurements(height,diameter)were also recorded to assess the structure of the site.A total of 190 species have been identified.They belong to 141 genera and 47 families.This former botanical garden contains important species because of their origin,status or particularity(threatened,endemic,rarity,etc.).A total of 19 threatened species including 2 endangered and west African endemic(Chrysophyllum azaguieanum J.Miège,Placodiscus pseudostipularis)were found at the site.Also,Chrysophyllum azaguieanum is declared extinct from Côte d’Ivoire.Four species are rare in the flora of Côte d’Ivoire:Balanites wilsoniana,Chrysophyllum azaguieanum,Gilletiodendron kisantuense and Loesenera kalantha.The most abundant species is Hopea odorata.Although this introduced species is considered globally vulnerable,it presents a risk of invasion in the forest of Côte d’Ivoire.The diameter and height structures show that all the stages of development are presented indicating a good regeneration on the site.Ultimately,this botanical garden deserves to be rehabilitated and especially urgent management of Hopea odorata is needed to prevent an invasion of this species.

关键词： botanical garden ORSTOM Côte d’Ivoire Forest restoration ex situ conservation

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FERN SECTION IN CUlZHOU botanical garden

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贵州科学 1994年第3期 28-32+11页

作者： X.Y.Wang Y.P.Wang J.Y.Han L.L.Zeng P.S.Wang( Guizhou Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550001 )

With the devcioprnent of economics and owing to certain factors of plants themselves,some ferns arc in a dangcrous situation. It is necessary to set up a fern section or fernaripm in Guizhou as a gene pool mainly for subtropical ferns, which can not be replaced by the hcrbariurn or natural preserve. A fern section in Guizhou botanical garden has been established, It’s composed of a 3-are fern garden,a grccnhouse and a shed. 300 taxa of rems and fern aUics from Guizhou and East, South,North east, and South west patts in China have bccn gathered in recent 5 years. Another 3-year project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) is carded on for morc fern introduction. It will be not only for thc conservation of the rare and/or endangered pteridophytes, but as a base for fern researching, teaching, scientific propagating and exploiting.Practice shows that Guiyang, the capital of’ Guizhou, is one of the ideal places for fern introduction and conscrvation in China.

关键词： fern section gene pool botanical garden Guizhou

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Botanic gardens should lead the way to create a "garden Earth" in the Anthropocene

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植物多样性：英文版 2017年第6期39卷 331-337页

作者： Charles H.Cannon Chai-Shian Kua The Center for Tree Science The Morton Arboretum Science and Conservation The Morton Arboretum Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Urban Tree Ecology and Applications

The strength and expertise that botanic gardens bring to conservation are based on their detailed knowledge and understanding of the care. management, and biology of a diversity of plant species. This emphasis on the organism has led to many ex-situ and in-situ conservation programs aimed at protecting endangered species, restoring threatened populations, and establishing living plant and seed collections of endangered species. In China, the scale and pace of change in land and resource use, often leading to environmental degradation, has created a strong emphasis on improving environmental conditions. If done properly, being "green" can be a surprisingly complex issue, because it should encompass and exploit the whole of plant diversity and function. Unfortunately, 'green' often includes a small portion of this whole. Earth's rich plant diversity presents considerable opportunity but requires expertise and knowledge for stable and beneficial management. With the dawning of the Anthropocene, we should strive to live on a "garden Earth", where we design and manage our environments, both built and natural, to create a healthy, beneficial living landscape for people and other organisms. The staff of botanic gardens worldwide and the living collections they maintain embody the best examples of sustainable, beautiful, and beneficial environments that thrive on plant diversity. This expertise should be a fundamental resource for agencies in all sectors responsible for managing and designing "green" infrastructure. Botanic gardens should actively engage and contribute to these opportunities, from large public infrastructure projects to small private conservation efforts. Here, we discuss several ongoing conservation efforts, primarily in China, and attempt to identify areas where botanic gardens could make a significant and meaningful difference.

关键词： Green infrastructure Botanic garden Ex-situ conservation In-situ conservation botanical garden

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Ex situ Flora of China

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Plant Diversity 2017年第6期39卷 357-364页

作者： Hongwen Huang Jingping Liao Zheng Zhang Qingqing Zhan South China botanical garden Chinese Academy of Sciences International Association of Botanic Gardens

The role of living collections-based research and discovery has been a prominent feature throughout the history of evolution and advance of botanical science: such research is the core and soul of the botanical gardens. Currently, there are c. 162 Chinese botanical gardens, harboring c. 20,000 species in China. As an example of initiatives to utilize the garden cultivated flora to address plant diversity conservation and germplasm discovery for sustainable agriculture and the bio-industries, the Ex situ Flora of China project aims to catalog and document this mega-diversity of plants that are cultivated in the Chinese botanical gardens. The concept of Ex situ Flora of China is a complete new formulation of species, based on garden cultivated individuals and populations, to obtain better morphological descriptions, provide multipurpose applicability and a fundamental data service that will support national bio-strategies and bioindustries. It emphasises integrative information, accurately collected from living collections across different Chinese botanical gardens, on biology, phenology, cultivation requirements and uses of plant resources, which are normally not available from traditional Floras based on herbarium specimens. The ex situ flora should provide better information coverage for taxonomy, biological and introduction and collection data and color photos of stems, leaves, flowers, fruits and seed, as well as useful information of cultivation key points and main use of each plant. In general, the Ex situ Flora of China provides more useful information than the traditional Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae. The project of Ex situ Flora of China is planned to be one of the most important initiatives of the plant diversity research platform for sustainable economic and social development in China.

关键词： botanical garden Living collections Ex situ conservation botanical sciences Cultivated flora

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Leaf trait variation captures climate differences but differs with species irrespective of functional group

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2015年第1期8卷 61-69页

作者： Guohong Wang Jinglan Liu Tingting Meng State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of BotanyThe Chinese Academy of SciencesNo.20 NanxincunXiangshan100093 BeijingChina College of Natural Reserves Beijing Forestry UniversityNo.35 QinghuadongluBeijing 100083China

Aims To clarify whether variation in leaf traits with climate differs with scale,i.***.across species and within a species,and to detect whether plant functional group affects species-specific response.Methods Leaf dry matter content(LDMC),specific leaf area(SLA),mass-and area-based leaf N(N_(mass),N_(area))and leaf P concentrations(P_(mass),P_(area))and leaf chlorophyll concentration(SPAD)were measured for 92 woody plant species in two botanical gardens in China.The two gardens share plant species in common but differ in climate.Leaf trait variation between the two gardens was examined via mean comparison at three scales:all species together,species grouped into plant functional groups and within a species.A meta-analysis was performed to summarize the species-specific responses.Important Findings At the scale of all species together,LDMC,SLA,P_(mass) and N_(mass) were significantly lower in the dry-cold habitat than in the wet-warm one,whereas N_(area) and SPAD showed an inverse pattern,indicating a significant environmental effect.The meta-analysis showed that the above-mentioned patterns persisted for SLA,N_(area) and SPAD but not for the other variables at the species-specific scale,indicating that intraspecific variation affects the overall pattern of LDMC,P_(mass) and N_(mass) and P_(area).In terms of species-specific response,posi-tive,negative or nonsignificant patterns were observed among the 92 species.Contrary to our prediction,species-specific responses within a functional group were not statistically more similar than those among functional groups.Our results indicated that leaf trait variation captured climatic difference yet species-specific responses were quite diverse irrespective of plant functional group,providing new insights for interpreting trait variability with climate.

关键词： chemical traits leaf dry matter specific leaf area intraspecific variation life form woody plants botanical garden

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The Evolving Role of botanical gardens and Natural Areas:A Floristic Case Study from Royal botanical gardens,Canada

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植物分类与资源学报 2011年第1期33卷 123-131页

作者： David A.GALBRAITH Natalie E.IWANYCKI Brechann V.McGOEY Jamie McGREGOR James S.PRINGLE Carl J.ROTHFELS Tyler W.SMITH Royal botanical gardens BurlingtonON University of Guelph GuelphON Duke University DurhamNC Eastern Kentucky University RichmondKY

As leaders calling for the conservation of the world's plants,botanical gardens protect plants within living collections.Many also study,manage and restore plants in natural habitats.Royal botanical gardens(Ontario,Canada) has integrated both horticultural and natural heritage in its mission for decades.Envisioned by municipal leaders in the 1920s as a combination of nature sanctuaries and civic gardens,RBG now includes forests,wetlands and other habitats,gardens and built spaces.Today RBG is Canada's largest botanical garden on the basis of area.In the 1950s RBG began to inventory plant diversity.The checklist of spontaneous vascular plants now exceeds 1 170 species,of which 752 are native.This is 37% of Ontario's native vascular plants and 19% of the native vascular flora of Canada.The RBG nature sanctuaries are among the richest locations in Canada for species-level diversity.We examine the history of floristic exploration within RBG and compare plant species-area relationships among protected natural areas in Ontario.This comparison supports the contention that the nature sanctuaries,and in particular Cootes Paradise,could be considered an important area for plants in Canada,and relative to the nation's flora,a biodiversity hotspot.The fact that a candidate vascular plant hotspot for Canada lies within a major botanical garden presents opportunities for raising public awareness of the importance of plant diversity,as well as focusing attention on the scientific and conservation biology needs of communities and individual species in this area.

关键词： botanical garden Ontario Natural areas Biodiversity Species-area curve Species richness

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Prospects for Chinese botanical gardens

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植物分类与资源学报 2011年第1期33卷 19-23页

作者： Shan-An HE Nanjing botanical garden Nanjing 210014 China Belting botanical garden Beijing 100093 China botanical Society of China Botanical Garden Branch Beijing 100093 China

In China,a new period of development in the first decade of the 21st Century with rapid urbanization, was marked by investment in construction of over five billion yuan. At this time of rapid change it is important for botanical gardens to follow three principles,"scientific contents, artistic appearance, and cultural display",so as not to become public parks. The scientific component is important. It is not necessary for every botanical garden to do basic botanical research but they should all be involved in plant conservation issues, especially ex-situ conservation and keep accurate data on their living collections. Although a heavy responsibility this documentation is the foundation and the bottom line of scientific meaning for a botanical garden. Economic plant research, exploring new resources, was a major contribution of botanical gardens historically and remains important for sustainable cities and the national economy of China. Education and ecotourism are important ways for botanical gardens to serve the public displaying the interesting plant collections to enhance relaxation and well-being. It is reasonable to make income through all activities in a botanical garden but this should not be the major goal. It should be understood botanical gardens are comprehensive and multi-functional bodies determined by science, the arts and culture

关键词： botanical garden Ex-situ conservation Living collections Scientific bottom line Economic plants

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