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A benchmark test of boson sampling on Tianhe-2 supercomputer

National Science Review 2018年第5期5卷 715-720页

作者： Junjie Wu Yong Liu Baida Zhang Xianmin Jin Yang Wang Huiquan Wang Xuejun Yang Institute for Quantum Information & State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing College of ComputerNational University of Defense Technology State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks School of Physics and AstronomyShanghai Jiao Tong University Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics University of Science and Technology of China

boson sampling, thought to be intractable classically, can be solved by a quantum machine composed of merely generation, linear evolution and detection of single photons. Such an analog quantum computer for this specific problem provides a shortcut to boost the absolute computing power of quantum computers to beat classical ones. However, the capacity bound of classical computers for simulating boson sampling has not yet been identified. Here we simulate boson sampling on the Tianhe-2 supercomputer, which occupied the first place in the world ranking six times from 2013 to 2016. We computed the permanent of the largest matrix using up to 312 000 CPU cores of Tianhe-2, and inferred from the current most efficient permanent-computing algorithms that an upper bound on the performance of Tianhe-2 is one 50-photon sample per ～100 min. In addition, we found a precision issue with one of two permanent-computing algorithms.

关键词： boson sampling permanent quantum supremacy quantum computing supercomputer

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Photonic implementation of boson sampling:a review

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Advanced Photonics 2019年第3期1卷 6-19页

作者： Daniel J.Brod Ernesto F.Galvão Andrea Crespi Roberto Osellame NicolòSpagnolo Fabio Sciarrino Universidade Federal Fluminense Instituto de FísicaNiteróiBrazil Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Istituto di Fotonica e NanotecnologieMilanoItaly Politecnico di Milano Dipartimento di FisicaMilanoItaly Sapienza Universitàdi Roma Dipartimento di FisicaRomaItaly

boson sampling is a computational problem that has recently been proposed as a candidate to obtain an unequivocal quantum computational advantage.The problem consists in sampling from the output distribution of indistinguishable bosons in a linear interferometer.There is strong evidence that such an experiment is hard to classically simulate,but it is naturally solved by dedicated photonic quantum hardware,comprising single photons,linear evolution,and photodetection.This prospect has stimulated much effort resulting in the experimental implementation of progressively larger devices.We review recent advances in photonic boson sampling,describing both the technological improvements achieved and the future challenges.We also discuss recent proposals and implementations of variants of the original problem,theoretical issues occurring when imperfections are considered,and advances in the development of suitable techniques for validation of boson sampling experiments.We conclude by discussing the future application of photonic boson sampling devices beyond the original theoretical scope.

关键词： boson sampling multiphoton interference quantum supremacy quantum simulation integrated photonics

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Universal bound on sampling bosons in linear optics and its computational implications

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National Science Review 2019年第4期6卷 719-729页

作者： Man-Hong Yung Xun Gao Joonsuk Huh Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Quantum Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Central Research Institute Huawei Technologies Center for Quantum Information Institute for Interdisciplinary Information SciencesTsinghua University Department of Chemistry Sungkyunkwan University

In linear optics, photons are scattered in a network through passive optical elements including beam splitters and phase shifters, leading to many intriguing applications in physics, such as Mach–Zehnder interferometry, the Hong–Ou–Mandel effect, and tests of fundamental quantum mechanics. Here we present the fundamental limit in the transition amplitudes of bosons, applicable to all physical linear optical networks. Apart from boson sampling, this transition bound results in many other interesting applications,including behaviors of Bose–Einstein condensates(BEC) in optical networks, counterparts of Hong–Ou–Mandel effects for multiple photons, and approximating permanents of matrices. In addition,this general bound implies the existence of a polynomial-time randomized algorithm for estimating the transition amplitudes of bosons, which represents a solution to an open problem raised by Aaronson and Hance(Quantum Inf Comput 2012; 14: 541–59). Consequently, this bound implies that computational decision problems encoded in linear optics, prepared and detected in the Fock basis, can be solved efficiently by classical computers within additive errors. Furthermore, our result also leads to a classical sampling algorithm that can be applied to calculate the many-body wave functions and the S-matrix of bosonic particles.

关键词： boson sampling quantum optics quantum supremacy linear optics computational complexity

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