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Theory and classification of mass extinction causation

National Science Review 2024年第1期11卷 16-36页

作者： Thomas J.Algeo Jun Shen State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology China University of Geosciences—Wuhan State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources China University of Geosciences—Wuhan Department of Geosciences University of Cincinnati

Theory regarding the causation of mass extinctions is in need of systematization, which is the focus of this contribution. Every mass extinction has both an ultimate cause, i.e. the trigger that leads to various climato-environmental changes, and one or more proximate cause(s), i.e. the specific climato-environmental changes that result in elevated biotic mortality. With regard to ultimate causes, strong cases can be made that bolide(i.e. meteor) impacts, large igneous province(LIP) eruptions and bioevolutionary events have each triggered one or more of the Phanerozoic Big Five mass extinctions, and that tectono-oceanic changes have triggered some second-order extinction events. Apart from bolide impacts, other astronomical triggers(*** flares, gamma bursts and supernova explosions) remain entirely in the realm of speculation. With regard to proximate mechanisms, most extinctions are related to either carbon-release or carbon-burial processes, the former being associated with climatic warming, ocean acidification, reduced marine productivity and lower carbonate δ13C values, and the latter with climatic cooling, increased marine productivity and higher carbonate δ13C values. Environmental parameters such as marine redox conditions and terrestrial weathering intensity do not show consistent relationships with carbon-cycle *** this context, mass extinction causation can be usefully classified using a matrix of ultimate and proximate factors. Among the Big Five mass extinctions, the end-Cretaceous biocrisis is an example of a bolide-triggered carbon-release event, the end-Permian and end-Triassic biocrises are examples of LIP-triggered carbon-release events, and the Late Ordovician and Late Devonian biocrises are examples of bioevolution-triggered carbon-burial events. Whereas the bolide-impact and LIP-eruption mechanisms appear to invariably cause carbon release, bioevolutionary triggers can result in variable carbon-cycle changes, e.g. carbon burial durin

关键词： biocrisis ultimate cause proximate cause bolide large igneous province bioevolutionary event

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Palaeoclimatic cycles and new glacial periods induced by the impact of extraterrestrial bodies

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1999年第S2期44卷 128-130页

作者： WANG Shijie, OUYANG Ziyuan, XIAO Zhifeng and LI Chunlai State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550002, China. State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guiyang 550002 China

THE consequence of "nuclear winter" induced by nuclear war and climatic catastrophe induced by extraterrestrial impact were widely studied for fear of the potential danger of the basic nuclear war (the totalexplosive equivalent 5 000Mt TNT). Using zero-dimensional energy balance model authors reportedthe short-term climatic effect induced by six huge Cenozoic bolide-impact events (65, 34, 15, 2.4,1.1, 0.73 MaBP). However, only the direct climatic effect of dusts yielded by the impact was considered in the previous study. In this note, based on the previous simulation results the effect of variance ofglobal reflectance with temperature on the long-term climatic change was further taken into *** with the strata records of palaeoclimatic change the relationship of impact energy with its in-

关键词： bolide impact events palaeoclimatic cycle formation of new glacial period simulating calculation Cenozoic.

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快速球型摄像机产品供应商名录

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A&S（安防工程商） 2004年第3期 60-61页

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