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Effects of constant light and dark conditions on the locomotor activity,body mass,and body temperature rhythms of Eurasian Tree Sparrows(Passer montanus)

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Avian Research 2023年第3期14卷 435-442页

作者： Lirong Zuo Ibrahim MAhmad Yuanyuan Liu Limin Wang Shu Fang Dongming Li Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyCollege of Life SciencesHebei Normal UniversityShijiazhuang050024Hebei ProvinceChina Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environment Hebei Normal UniversityShijiazhuang050024China

Light is an essential environmental cue influencing the endogenous circadian clocks that regulate behavioral and physiological processes in animals.Despite extensive research on the circadian rhythms of avian behavior and physiology,the mechanisms by which they adapt and adjust to abnormal photoperiod conditions,such as artificial light,have yet to be fully elucidated.Here,the circadian rhythms of the body mass,activity,and core and peripheral body temperatures of the Eurasian Tree Sparrow(Passer montanus,ETS)-a diurnal passerine-were examined under three different lighting conditions:constant light(LL),constant darkness(DD),and normal light-dark cycles(LD).Our results showed that the activity,body mass,core,tarsometatarsus,and eye temperatures of the ETSs varied significantly with treatment,time,and the interaction between treatment and time;however,there was no significant change in body mass in response to the interaction between time and treatment.Under LD conditions,the ETSs exhibited significant circadian rhythms in activity and core,tarsometatarsus,and eye temperatures.Under LL conditions,only the core temperature exhibited significant rhythmicity.Under DD conditions,there were no significant circadian rhythms in activity,body mass,and eye temperature;however,the core and tarsometatarsus temperatures remained rhythmic.Our results indicate that the core body temperature rhythm of ETS is endogenous and can be maintained under abnormal photoperiods.In contrast,the activity and body surface temperature,uncoupled from the core body temperature under abnormal photoperiod conditions,strongly depend on light.These results differ from those of other diurnal avian species,suggesting a unique coping mechanism of ETS in response to an abnormal photoperiod.

关键词： Eurasian Tree Sparrow Activity body mass body temperature Circadian rhythm

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How large are the extinct giant insular rodents? New body mass estimations from teeth and bones

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Integrative Zoology 2014年第2期9卷 197-212页

作者： Blanca MONCUNILL-SOLÉ Xavier JORDANA Nekane MARÍN-MORATALLA Salvador MOYÀ-SOLÀ Meike KÖHLER Catalan Institute of Paleontology Miquel Crusafont Autonomous University of BarcelonaBellaterraSpain ICREA at Catalan Institute of Paleontology Miquel Crusafont Autonomous University of BarcelonaBellaterraSpain Department of Ecology University of BarcelonaSpain

The island rule entails a modification of the body size of insular mammals,a character related with numerous biological and ecological variables.From the Miocene to human colonization(Holocene),Mediterranean and Canary Islands were unaltered natural ecosystems,with paleofaunas formed with endemic giant rodents among other mammals.Our aim is to create methods to estimate the body masses of fossil island rodents and address the nature of ecological pressures driving the island rule.We created regression equations based on extant ro-dent data and used these to estimate the body masses of the extinct species.Our results show strong correlations between teeth,cranial and postcranial measurements and body mass,except for the length of the long bones,the transversal diameter of the distal tibia and the anteroposterior diameter of the proximal tibia,where the equa-tions were less reliable.The use of equations obtained from a more homogeneous group(suborder and family)is preferable when analyzing the area of the first molar.The new regressions were applied to estimate the body masses of some Mediterranean and Canarian fossil rodents(Canariomys,C.bravoi 1.5 kg and C.tamarani 1 kg;Hypnomys,H.morpheus 230 g and H.onicensis 200 g;and Muscardinus cyclopeus 100 g).Our results indi-cate that under absence of predation,resource availability(island area)is the key factor that determines the size of the Canariomys sp.However,under presence of specialized predators(birds of prey),body size evolution is less pronounced(Hypnomys sp.).

关键词： body mass Canariomys Hypnomys island rule Muscardinus cyclopeus

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The role of climate factors in geographic variation in body mass and wing length in a passerine bird

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Chinese Birds 2017年第1期8卷 3-11页

作者： Yanfeng Sun Mo Li Gang Song Fumin Lei Dongming Li Yuefeng Wu Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province College of Life Sciences Hebei Normal University Ocean College Hebei Agricultural University Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences

Background: Geographic variation in body size is assumed to reflect adaptation to local environmental conditions. Although Bergmann's rule is usually sufficient to explain such variation in homeotherms, some exceptions have been documented. The relationship between altitude, latitude and body size, has been well documented for some vertebrate taxa during the past decades. However, relatively little information is available on the effects of climate variables on body size in birds.Methods: We collected the data of 267 adult Eurasian Tree Sparrow(Passer montanus) specimens sampled at 48 localities in China's mainland, and further investigated the relationships between two response variables, body mass and wing length, as well as a suit of explanatory variables, i.e. altitude, latitude, mean annual temperature(MAT), annual precipitation(PRC), annual sunshine hours(SUN), average annual wind speed(WS), air pressure(AP) and relative humidity(RH).Results: Our study showed that(1) although the sexes did not differ significantly in body mass, males had longer wings than females;(2) body mass and wing length were positively correlated with altitude but not with latitude;(3) body mass and wing length were negatively correlated with AP and RH, but not significantly correlated with WS. body mass was positively correlated with SUN and inversely correlated with MAT. Wing length was not correlated with MAT in either sex, but was positively correlated with SUN and negatively correlated with PRC in male sparrows;(4) variation in body mass could be best explained by AP and SUN, whereas variation in wing length could be explained by RH and AP in both sexes. In addition, variation in male sparrows can be explained by SUN, WS and PRC but not in females.Conclusions: Two different proxies of body size, body mass and wing length, correlated with same geographic factors and different climate factors. These differences may reflect selection for heat conservation in the case of body mass, and for efficient flight in the case of wing length.

关键词： body mass Wing length Altitude Latitude Climate factor Eurasian Tree Sparrow

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Effects of temperature acclimation on body mass and energy budget in the Chinese bulbul Pycnonotus sinensis

Effects of temperature acclimation on body mass and energy b...

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浙江省动物学会第十二届会员代表大会暨学术讨论会

作者： Wu Yunan Lin Lin Xiao Yuchao Zhou Limeng Wu Mengsi Weihong Liu Jinsong School of Life and Environmental Sciences Wenzhou University Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Subtropical Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection

Chinese bulbuls(Pycnonotus sinensis) are small passerine birds that inhabit areas of central,southern and eastern China.Previous observations suggest that free-living individuals of this species may change their food intake in response to seasonal changes in ambient temperature. In the present study,we randomly assigned Chinese bulbuls to either a 30℃or 10℃group,and measured their body mass(BM),body temperature,gross energy intake(GEI),digestible energy intake(DEI),and the length and mass of their digestive tracts,over 28 days of acclimation to these temperatures.As predicted,birds in the 30℃group had lower body mass,GEI and.DEI relative to those in the 10℃group.The length and mass of the digestive tract was also lower in the 30℃group and trends in these parameters were positively correlated with those in BM,GEI and DEI. These results suggest that Chinese bulbuls reduce their absolute energy demands at relatively high temperatures by decreasing their body mass,GEI and DEI,and digestive tract size.

关键词： body mass Energy budget Pycnonotus sinensis Temperature acclimation

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Metabolic and microbial changes in light-vented bulbul during recent northward range expansion

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Current Zoology 2024年第1期70卷 24-33页

作者： Yun Wu Ying Xiong Yanzhu Ji Yalin Cheng Qianghui Zhu Xiaolu Jiao Yongbin Chang Na Zhao Jing Yang Fumin Lei Gang Song Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China College of Life Science University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Department of Zoology College of Life scienceSichuan Agricultural UniversityYa'an 625099SichuanChina Henan Engineering Research Center of Bird-Related Outage Zhengzhou Normal UniversityZhengzhou 450044China School of Ecology and Environment Anhui Normal UniversityWuhu 241002AnhuiChina School of Environmental Science and Engineering Shaanxi University of Science and TechnologyXian 710021China Centerfor Excellence inAnimal Evolutionand Genetics Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650223China

Endotherms recently expanding to cold environments generally exhibit strong physiological acclimation to sustain high body temperature.During this process,gut microbes likely play a considerable role in host physiological functions,including digestion and thermogenesis.The light-vented bulbul Pycnonotus sinensis represents one such species.It used to be restricted to the Oriental realm but expanded its distribution range north to the Palearctic areas during the past few decades.Here,we explored the seasonal dynamics of the resting metabolic rate(RMR)and microbiota for local and newly colonized populations of the species.Our results showed that the mass-adjusted RMR and body mass were pos-itively correlated with latitude variations in both seasons.Consistently,the gut microbiota showed a corresponding variation to the northern cold environments.In the two northern populations,the alpha diversity decreased compared with those of the two southern populations.Significant differences were detected in dominant phyla,such as Firmicutes,Bacteroidetes,Proteobacteria,and Desulfobacterota in both seasons.The core microbiota showed geographic differences in the winter,including the elevated relative abundance of 5 species in northern populations.Finally,to explore the link between microbial communities and host metabolic thermogenesis,we conducted a correlation analysis between microbiota and mass-adjusted RMR.We found that more genera were significantly correlated with mass-adjusted RMR in the wintering season compared to the breeding season(71 vs.23).These results suggest that microbiota of the lighted-vented bulbul linked with thermogenesis in diversity and abundance under northward expansion.

关键词： bird body mass gutmicrobiota RMR season

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Intraspecific scaling and early life history determine the cost of free-flight in a large beetle(Batocera rufomaculata)

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Insect Science 2024年第2期31卷 524-532页

作者： Tomer Urcai Eran Levin Eran Gefen Gal Ribak Faculty of Life Sciences School of ZoologyTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael Steinhardt Museum of Natural History Israel National Center for Biodiversity StudiesTel AvivIsrael Department of Biology University of Haifa-OranimKiryat TivonIsrael

The scaling of the energetic cost of locomotion with body mass is well documented at the interspecific level.However,methodological restrictions limit our understanding of the scaling of flight metabolic rate(MR)in free-flying insects.This is particularly true at the intraspecific level,where variation in body mass and flight energetics may have direct consequences for the fitness of an individual.We applied a 13C stable isotope method to investigate the scaling of MR with body mass during free-flight in the beetle Batocera rufomaculata.This species exhibits large intraspecific variation in adult body mass as a consequence of the environmental conditions during larval growth.We show that the flight-MR scales with body mass to the power of 0.57,with smaller conspecifics possessing up to 2.3 fold higher mass-specific flight MR than larger ones.Whereas the scaling exponent of free-flight MR was found to be like that determined for tethered-flight,the energy expenditure during free-flight was more than 2.7 fold higher than for tethered-flight.The metabolic cost of flight should therefore be studied under free-flight conditions,a requirement now enabled by the 13C technique described herein for insect flight.

关键词： allometry body mass Coleoptera free-flight insect flight stable carbon isotope tethered-flight

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Early life investment in antlers and body growth reflects adult performance in roe deer population under supplementary feeding conditions

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Integrative Zoology 2022年第3期17卷 396-407页

作者： Marta PELÁEZ Isabel SANUY Juan Carlos PERAL JoséLuisÁlvarez ESTEBAN Santiago LAVÍN Emmanuel SERRANO Ramón PEREA Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales Universidad Politécnica de MadridMadridSpain Wildlife Ecology&Health group(WE&H)and Servei d’Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge(SEFaS).Facultat de Veterinària Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona(UAB)BarcelonaSpain Centro Cinegético I+D de Valsemana Junta de Castilla y LeónLa ErcinaLeónSpain

Recent research has challenged the idea that cervid antlers are such costly traits,supporting the assertion early-life antler investment is an honest signal of adult phenotypic quality.However,inferences were made based on antler measurements while growing(velvet)and thus,studies on fully-formed clean antlers are needed to avoid possible bias caused by the inter-individual variation in antler growth phenology.We studied a semi-captive population of European roe deer inhabiting a sub-Mediterranean area(Valsemana research station)and living under optimal conditions(ad libitum food supply and veterinary care).Based on repeated measurements taken from 146 individuals,we assessed whether allocation to secondary sexual traits during early life affected body mass or antler development during adulthood.Furthermore,we evaluated which body measurements better predicted future male quality.Additionally,using 488 individuals,we described age-class-specific variation in male body measurements and assessed the decline in antler size between adult and senescent stages(i.***.magnitude of senescence).Results agree with the assertion that there is no negative effect of a high investment in antler during early life on adult antler size or body mass,but we suggest the use of clean antlers as a more robust and reliable measure.The variables that better predicted body mass during adulthood were yearling body mass and body size at 6 months.Antler score between 10 and 18 months resulted in the best indicator of adult antler size.Finally,we support the idea that the magnitude of senescence in antler size is smaller in environments with higher resource availability during winter.

关键词： antler size body mass early-life investment Mediterranean environments secondary sexual traits and senescence trade-offs

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Physical Characteristics Explain Ball-Carrying Capability in Sub-Elite Rugby Union Players

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Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2023年第3期5卷 244-253页

作者： Alexander S.Hart Robert M.Erskine Tom J.Mclaughlin David R.Clark School of Sport and Exercise Science Liverpool John Moores UniversityL33AF LiverpoolUK Ealing Trailfinders Rugby Club LondonUK Institute of Sport Exercise and HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK

Purpose The aims of the present study were two-fold:(i)to investigate the relationship between physical characteristics and the game statistics associated with ball-carrying capability amongst sub-elite rugby union players,and(ii)to predict the level of change in these physical characteristics required to improve the associated game statistic via regression analysis.Methods Thirty-eight senior professional players(forwards,n=22;backs,n=16)were assessed for body mass(BM),back squat(BS)single-repetition maximum(1RM)normalised to BM(1RM/BM),10 m sprint velocity(S10),10 m sprint momentum(SM10),and the game statistics from 22 games within the 2019/20 RFU Championship season.The relationship between these measures and the predicted level of change in a physical measure required to improve the total number of the associated game statistic by one were assessed by Pearson’s correlation coefficient and simple regression analyses.Results In forwards,an~11.5%reduction in BM,an~11.8%improvement in BS 1RM/BM,or an~11.5%increase in S10 was required to improve the game statistics associated with ball-carrying capability.In backs,a~19.3%increase in BM or a~15.6%improvement in SM10 was required.Conclusions These findings demonstrate that improvements in lower-body relative strength,acceleration performance,and position-specific alterations in body mass are required to maximise the ball-carrying capability and therefore match outcome of sub-elite rugby union players.

关键词： Speed Acceleration Momentum Strength body mass

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The Influence of Fence on body mass and Population Dynamics of Plateau Pika

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Open Journal of Ecology 2020年第11期10卷 729-736页

作者： Wenjing Li Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Xining China Scientific Research and Popularization Base of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Biology Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics Xining China

To determine the influence of the fence on plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae), we measured the body mass, breeding status, population densities, using live-trapping and line-transect sampling in April and September 2006. In April, body mass of both male and female plateau pika inside of fence were significant higher than that outside of fence (♀: F = 6.583, df = 1.20, p = 0.019;♂: F = 6.49, df = 1.17, p = 0.021). The ratio of spermary drop of an adult male was also higher (92.31% vs 57.14%). In September, body mass of adult male in both study sites showed no significant difference (F = 0.001, df = 1.23, p = 0.975), but were all significant higher than that of April (F = 121.713, df = 1.22, p df = 1.20, p df = 1.38, p = 0.131), but the population density inside of fence was much higher than that outside of fence (F = 7.534, df = 1.38, p = 0.009) in September. Our results show that the changes of quality and quantity of food that available to plateau pika in winter, can depress the range of reducing body mass of plateau pika, make breeding season ahead, and then promote the increase of population.

关键词： Fence Plateau Pikas Ochotona curzoniae body mass Population Dynamics

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Energy Expenditure of Adolescents During Overground Walking and Running

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Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2023年第1期5卷 44-52页

作者： Manolis Adamakis School of Education University College CorkCorkIreland Department of Education and Social Work University of LuxembourgLuxembourgLuxembourg

This study aimed to determine the net energy expenditure(EENET)required for overground walking and running 1200 m in a sample of healthy adolescent boys and girls.A secondary purpose was to describe the effect of body composition on energy expenditure(EE)of walking versus running.Twenty healthy adolescents(9 boys,11 girls)aged 15.85±2.80 years performed 2 field tests in regular outdoor conditions:overground walking(1.64±0.17 m/s)and submaximal running(3.13±0.42 m/s),at a self-selected steady pace.EE was measured via indirect calorimetry.Paired sample t-tests were used to determine if there were differences between walking and running conditions and mean percentage differences were estimated for various physiological parameters.Differences in EENET between conditions were performed for both genders using a two(condition)by two(gender)analysis of variance repeated measures design,with fat free mass as a covariate.Speed increased by 90.43%between the 2 conditions,while the different components of EE increased by almost 20%.Running elicited a significantly greater EENET than walking for both genders;however,boys’and girls’EE did not differ significantly.When EENET was adjusted for fat free mass,there was a statistically significant condition×fat free mass effect.The findings in this study indicate that both adolescent boys and girls expend more energy during running than walking,without being affected by body composition.body mass and fat free mass significantly correlated with EE only during running.In addition,the trained participants of the study optimized locomotion to minimize EE.

关键词： Caloric cost Mode of exercise Fat free mass body mass Net energy expenditure Physical activity Heart rate

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