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Preliminary attempt to distinguish the domesticated pigs from wild boars by the methods of carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis

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Science China Earth Sciences 2009年第1期52卷 85-92页

作者： Michael P.RICHARDS Department of Human Evolution Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary AnthropologyDeutscher Platz 6D-04103LeipzigGermany

Despite great achievements in the origins of domestic pigs made by the methods of zooarchaeology and molecular biology,how to scientifically distinguish the domesticated pigs from wild boars during the early stage of pig domestication is still poorly *** to wild boar's diets which come from the natural environment,the diets of domestic pigs are more easily influenced by human feeding ***,in principle,exploration of the dietary differences among pigs and understanding the impact on pig diets fed by humans can have great potential to differentiate between wild boars and domesticated *** reveal dietary differences among pigs and distinguish the domesticated pigs from wild boars based on comparison with the diets of humans and other animals,we analyzed the carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes of human bones from Xiaojingshan Site and animal bones from Yuezhuang Site,both of which belong to Houli Culture in Shandong Province and date to about 8500―7500 years *** mean δ 13C value((-17.8 ± 0.3)‰) and δ 15N value((9.0±0.6)‰) in human collagen indicate that although millet agriculture began it was not the main subsistence strategy as millets are typical of C4 plants and that humans made a living mainly by gathering,hunting or raising some domesticated *** δ 13C value(-16.1‰) and δ 15N value(6.9‰) in the bovine suggest that C3 plants were dominant in its diet with some C4 plants *** fish has lower δ 13C value(-24.9‰) and higher δ 15N value(8.8‰) than the bovine,which is the characteristic of the isotopic values from Eurasian freshwater *** on the differences in carbon and nitrogen isotope values,the pigs can be divided into three groups.A group,composed of two pigs,has low δ 13C values(-18.1‰,-20.0‰) and low δ 15N values(4.7‰,6.0‰).B group,only one pig,has the highest δ 13C value(-10.6‰) and mediate δ 15N value(6.4‰).As for the C group,also only one pig,low δ 13C value(-19.0‰) and the highest δ 15N value(9.1‰

关键词： origins of domestic pigs early stage of domestication differentiation of domesticated pigs from wild boars carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis millet agriculture

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Glutamate and aspartate alleviate testicular/epididymal oxidative stress by supporting antioxidant enzymes and immune defense systems in boars

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2020年第1期63卷 116-124页

作者： Wenjie Tang Jian Wu Shunshun Jin Liuqin He Qinlu Lin Feijun Luo Xingguo He Yanzhong Feng Binsheng He Pingping Bing Tiejun Li Yulong Yin Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human HealthCollege of Life SciencesHunan Normal UniversityChangsha 410081China Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region Institute of Subtropical AgricultureChinese Academy of SciencesHunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic ProcessNational Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry ProductionChangsha 410125China National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-oil Deep Process and Quality ControlHunan Key Laboratory of Processed Food for Special Medical PurposeCollege of Food Science and EngineeringCentral South University of Forestry and TechnologyChangsha 410004China Academics Working Station at The First Affiliated Hospital Changsha Medical UniversityChangsha 410219China Sichuan Academy of Animal Sciences Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceChengdu 610066China ^Changsha Green LecrfBiotechnology Co. Ltd.Changsha 610066Hunan Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Harbin 150086China

Several potential oxidative agents have damaging effects on mammalian reproductive *** study was conducted to investigate the effects of glutamate(Glu)and aspartate(Asp)supplementation on antioxidant enzymes and immune defense systems in the outer scrotum of boars injected with H2O2.A total of 24 healthy boars were randomly divided into 4 treatment groups:control(basal diet,saline-treated),H2O2(basal diet,H2O2-challenged outer scrotum(1 m L kg^–1 BW)),Glu(basal diet+2%Glu,H2O2-challenged),and Asp(basal diet+2%Asp,H2O2-challenged).Our results showed that both Glu and Asp supplementation improved testicular morphology and decreased the genital index in the H2O2-treated *** and Asp administration increased the antioxidant enzyme activities and affected the testicular inflammatory cytokine secretion but had no effect on sex hormone ***,the m RNA expression of CAT,Cu Zn SOD,and GPx4 was altered in the testes and epididymis of boars treated with Asp and *** and Asp supplementation also modulated the expression of TGF-β1,IL-10,TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-1βin the testis and *** results indicate that dietary Glu and Asp supplementation might enhance antioxidant capacity and regulate the secretion and expression of inflammatory cytokines to protect the testes and epididymis of boars against oxidative stress.

关键词： glutamate aspartate boars oxidative stress inflammatory cytokines

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Analysis of the lifetime and culling reasons for AI boars

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2017年第4期8卷 866-874页

作者： Damian Knecht Anna Jankowska-Maosa Kamil Duziński Institute of Animal Breeding Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life SciencesChelmonskiego 38C51–630 WroclawPoland

Background: The aim of the study was to analyze the lifetime and culling reasons for boars used in insemination centers(AI centers).Methods: The data collected from 355 culled boars from 1998 to 2013 included: age at start of semen collection,boar herd life, culling reason, daily gain and lean meat content, and number of ejaculates not meeting sales requirements after dilution. Culling reasons were divided into 7 groups: low semen value(LSV), low or lack of libido(LL), leg problems(LP), infectious diseases(ID), old age(OA), reduced demand for semen from the given boar(RD),and others(OT).Results: The most common culling reasons for boars were LSV(23.7%) and RD(22.5%). It was observed that the lowest daily gains were noted in boars culled due to OA. boars culled due to OA and RD were maintained in production for the longest time(over 1000 d), for LSV and ID retention was about 700 d, and due to LL below 400 d. The survival probability was over 0.9 until 1.5 yr, and just over 0.2 until 4 yr. The highest relative frequency was observed in the 36 ^(th) and 42 ^(nd) mo of life(over 16%). Hazard risk analysis revealed a more than 10 times higher risk of culling in the case of LL, ID or OT, in comparison to ***: The results can be used as a direct point of reference for the identification of emerging problems in AI boar exploitation and the development of an appropriate culling policy in AI centers.

关键词： AI centers boars Culling Exploitation Management

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Serologic and molecular survey for major viral pathogens in grazing hybrid wild boars in Northeast China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2019年第9期18卷 2133-2140页

作者： GUO Huan-cheng REN Zhao-wen DING Mei-ming XIAO Wan-jun PENG Peng HE Biao FENG Ye LIU Yan LI Xing-yu CAI Jian-qiu ZHANG Bi-kai LUO Qing-hua TU Chang-chun Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine Academy of Military Medical SciencesChangchun 130122P.R.China Division of Wildlife Conservation and Nature Reserve Management Greater Xing’an Mountains Forestry Group CorporationJiagedaqi 165000P.R.China Division of Wildlife Conservation and Nature Reserve Management Jilin Forestry AdministrationChangchun 130022P.R.China State Forestry Administration Shenyang 110034P.R.China Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonose Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009P.R.China

Hybrid wild boar husbandry is an important component of livestock production in Northeast ***,the current disease situation of these animals is largely unknown due to a lack of disease *** present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of several important viral diseases in the hybrid wild boar population of Northeast *** September 2015 to December 2016,169 blood and 61 tissue samples were collected from apparently healthy hybrid wild boars from farms in Jilin,Inner Mongolia and Heilongjiang *** detected serum antibodies against classical swine fever virus(CSFV),porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV),pseudorabies virus(PRV),porcine circovirus type 2(PCV2)and Japanese encephalitis virus(JEV),but not against African swine fever virus(ASFV),with PCV2 having the highest seropositive rate(87.2–100%in different farms).RT-PCR or PCR performed on the processed samples detected only PCV2,with 33.1%(56/169)of blood samples and 32.8%(20/61)of spleen samples being positive,respectively,indicating widespread PCV2 infection in hybrid wild *** analysis of 15 PCV2 ORF2 sequences showed that they belong to genotypes PCV2a,PCV2b and PCV2d,with nucleotide and deduced amino acid homologies of 88.5–100%and 88.1–100%,respectively.

关键词： disease transmission hybrid wild boars Northeast China serological and molecular survey viral diseases

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Semen characteristics of the three genetic types of boars reared in Benin

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Asian pacific Journal of Reproduction 2021年第2期10卷 82-89页

作者： Ignace O.Dotché Aichatou Gakou Constant Boris O.B.Bankolé Mahamadou Dahouda Isidore Houaga Nicolas Antoine-Moussiaux Jean Paul Dehoux Pierre Thilmant Benoit G.Koutinhouin Issaka Youssao Abdou Karim Department of Animal Production and Health Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Meat TechnologyPolytechnic School of Abomey-CalaviUniversity of Abomey-Calavi01 BP 2009CotonouBenin Department of Animal Production Faculty of Agronomic ScienceUniversity of Abomey-Calavi01 BP 526CotonouBenin Research Unit"Vector-Borne Diseases and Biodiversity"(UMaVeB) Centre International de Recherche-Développement sur l’Elevage en zone Subhumide(CIRDES)Burkina Faso Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals and Health Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of LiègeVallée 2Avenue de Cureghem4000 LiègeBelgium Laboratory of Experimental Surgery Universite Catholique de Louvain55/70Avenue Hippocrate1200BrusselsBelgium Provincial Center of Productions Animales Liège(CPL Animal)Rue de Saint Remy5 B4601 ArgenteauBelgium

Objective:To characterize the semen of three genetic types of boars(local,improved and Large White)reared in ***:Semen of local,improved and Large White boars reared in Benin were collected using the gloved hand method and analyzed to determine volume,pH,concentration,mobility,motility,and *** effect of the genetic type of boar on semen characteristics was aslo ***:Duration of ejaculation and semen volume of Large White boar were significantly higher than those of local and improved boars(Pboars had a higher motility score than that of Large White and local boars(Pboars was more concentrated in the spermatozoa than that of improved and Large White boars(Pboars with normal morphology(93.6%)was significantly higher than that of local(82.2%)and Large White boars(81.6%)(Pboars(9.2%)was significantly higher than that observed in improved(1.8%)and local(5.0%)boars(Pboars(2.7%)was significantly lower than that in Large White(6.8%)and local(9.7%)boars(Pboars(1.1%)showed more spermatozoa with distal cytoplasmic droplets in their semen compared to the improved boars(0.4%).Conclusions:The semen characteristics of pigs reared in Benin vary from one genetic type to *** genetic type has a strong *** Large White boar produces larger semen,the local boar produces more concentrated semen and the improved boar produces spermatozoa that are morphologically *** semen of these three genetic types can be used in artificial insemination but the improved boar's semen is more recommended.

关键词： boars Semen Local pigs Benin Semen characteristics Genetic types

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Evaluation of the Nutritional Supplement VIUSID Vet Powder on the Productive Behaviour of Sows and boars

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(B) 2016年第9期5卷 432-439页

作者： Juan Carlos Rodriguez-Femhndez Vicente Mendez-Garcia Ibrain Calero-Herrera Kolima Pefia-Calzada Domingo Martos-Tejera Bulent Kukurtcu Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Husbandry University of Sancti Spiritus Sancti Spiritus 60100 Cuba Department of Production Swine Farm of Venega Yaguajay 64180 Cuba Scientific Department CATALYSIS S.L. Madrid28016 Spain

The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of administering VIUSID vet powder on the productive behaviour of sows and the quality of semen of boars. Two experiments were conducted on farms in the province of Sancti Spiritus, in the central region of Cuba. One was with sows, starting 21 days before parturition until weaning, and another was with boars in directed mounting. Each sow received 10 grams of VIUSID vet powder everyday, mixed with food, from 21 days before the probable date of farrowing and until weaning （33-day lactation period）. In the boars, the treatment consisted of administering 10 grams of VIUSID vet powder with feed, once a day for 6 weeks （week 1 to 6）; from week 7 onwards, the supplement was suspended. Results showed that, supplying VIUSID vet powder significantly improved the principal post-partum productivity indicators and significantly reduced diarrhoea and administration to boars in production for 6 weeks, which has improved spermatic motility and does not affect the other variables representative of the quality of the semen.

关键词： VIUSID sows boars Glycyrrhizaglabra.

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Effect of Stabilized Fish Oil Source on Sperm Quality and Production of boars

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2021年第2期11卷 197-207页

作者： Michael Andrew Parsley Mark Elder Wilson Thomas John Gall Mark Richard Malcolm Ballard Feedworks USA Ltd. Cincinnati USA Wilson Consulting Service McFarland USA Gall Consulting Service Burlington USA The Ballard Group Inc. Cincinnati USA

Research findings for supplementing boar stud diets with fish oils are inconsistent. This study was designed to address three possible causes of performance variation of boars to fish oil supplementation: stability of the fatty acid source, level of inclusion and breed of boars tested. Three groups of 87 boars each, from two genetic lines (PIC 337 and PIC 800), were assigned to treatment based on age, mean sperm production (previous 12 weeks), and body condition score. All boars received a corn-soybean meal diet with a commercial fish oil supplement providing 1.83 g/boar/day of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) as a preconditioning diet. On 10-Aug., 2020, the DHA source was changed to a stabilized starch imbedded source of refined fish oil (Salmate®), providing 1.83 g/b/d for the test diet. Two additional levels providing 2.38 and 2.94 g/b/d of DHA were fed for a 9 week pretreatment period and during the test period. Salmate® fed at 2.38 g/b/d of DHA resulted in a reduction in the number of rejected ejaculates (P 0.045) by 7.5% and 6.4% compared to the lowest and highest inclusion rates, respectively. There were no treatments by genetic line interactions. A retrospective study of semen production and quality of 77 boars on the Salmate® diet containing 1.83

关键词： boars Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) Salmate® Total Sperm Semen Doses

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Patterns of alteration in boar semen quality from 9 to 37 months old and improvement by protocatechuic acid

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第5期15卷 1881-1893页

作者： Ruizhi Hu Xizi Yang Jiatai Gong Jing Lv Xupeng Yuan Mingkun Shi Chenxing Fu Bie Tan Zhiyong Fan Liang Chen Hongfu Zhang Jianhua He Shusong Wu Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients College of Animal Science and TechnologyHunan Agricultural UniversityChangsha 410128China College of Animal Science and Technology Hunan Biological and Electromechanical PolytechnicChangsha 410127China State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Institute of Animal SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China

Background Comprehending the patterns of alteration in boar semen quality and identifying effective nutritional interventions are crucial for enhancing the productivity of commercial pig *** study aimed to examine the alteration in semen quality in boars,and assess the impact of protocatechuic acid(PCA)on semen quality during the phase of declining semen *** In Exp.1,a total of 38 Pig Improvement Company(PIC)boars were selected and their semen quality data were recorded from the age of 9 to 37 *** Exp.2,18 PIC boars(28 months old)were randomly assigned into three groups(n=6)and fed a basal diet,a basal diet containing 500 or 1,000 mg/kg PCA,*** experiment lasted for 12 *** The semen volume,concentration,and total number of spermatozoa in boars exhibited an increase from 9 to 19 months old and showed a significant linear decreased trend in 28,24,and 22 months *** motility displayed an upward trajectory,reaching its peak at 20 months of age,and showed a significant linear decreased trend at 20 months *** supplementation of PCA demonstrated an effect to mitigate the decrease in semen volume,concentration of spermatozoa,total number of spermatozoa(P>0.05),and significantly increased the sperm motility(Pboars within the age range of 9 to 37 months old,and PCA has the potential to be a natural antioxidant to enhance sperm quality throu

关键词： Antioxidants boars Protocatechuic acid Semen quality Signaling pathway

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Alginate oligosaccharide supplementation improves boar semen quality under heat stress

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Stress Biology 2024年第1期4卷 243-257页

作者： Yexun Zhou Zeou Wei Jiajian Tan Haiqing Sun Haidi Jiang Yang Gao Hongfu Zhang Martine Schroyen State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Institute of Animal SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193P.R.China Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit Gembloux Agro-Bio TechUniversity of LiegeGemblouxBelgium College of Life Science Baicheng Normal UniversityBaicheng 137000JilinChina YangXiang Joint Stock Company Guigang 53700China School of Agriculture and Food Science University College DublinBelfeld Dublin 4Ireland

Heat stress is a serious problem that affects animal husbandry by reducing growth and reproductive performance of *** plant extracts to the diet is an effective way to help overcome this *** oligosaccharide(AOS)is a natural non-toxic antioxidant with multiple biological *** study analyzed the potential mechanism of AOS in alleviating heat stress and improving semen quality in boars through a combination of multiple omics *** results indicated that AOS could significantly increase sperm motility(Pboars to enhance reproductive performance under heat stress.

关键词： Heat stress Alginate oligosaccharides(AOS) Semen quality Gut microbiota Sperm metabolome Sperm proteome boars

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