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World History Studies 2022年第2期9卷 35-55页

作者：高岳 Northeast Normal University ChangchunJilin ProvinceP.R.China

The condemnations of black slavery were not common before the mid-18th century,and they were mostly based on Christian *** the American Revolution,with the spread of the theory of natural rights,many social elites believed that slavery deprived blacks of their natural rights and violated the principle of equality in a democratic ***-slavery gradually became the mainstream public ***,since slaves were private property of many politicians,the abolition of slavery would act against the interests of white elites,and the ideology of racial confrontation between blacks and whites provided an identity to the white ***,slavery was reserved from the founding *** the mid-19th century,various social reforms *** was deeply rooted in elites'minds,and the idea that blacks have the general attributes of human beings is gradually accepted by educated white *** sense of dignity of work in the North constituted a different value from the South and became another theoretical basis for public voice to criticize ***,for the sake of party unity and the national interest,the abolition were not put into practice until the Civil War broke *** the middle of the 19th century,although the public opinion of anti-slavery was formed in the North,the upper class elites held the position of realpolitik while balancing the morality of abolition and the economic and political interests.

关键词： blacks Slavery Upper Class in the North Natural Right Humanitarianism

Characterization of six tumorsuppressor genes and microsatellite instability in hepatocellular carcinomain southern African blacks

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 1999年第6期5卷 470-476页

作者： Martins C Kedda MA Kew MC MRC/CANSA/University Molecular Hepatology Research Unit Department of Medicine University of the Witwatersrand Medical School 7 York Road Parktown 2193 Johannesburg South Africa

AIM To analyse cumulative loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of chromosomal regions and tumor suppressor genes in hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) from 20 southern African blacks. METHODS p53, RB1, BRCA1, BRCA2, WT1 and E cadherin genes were analysed for LOH, and p53 gene was also analysed for the codon 249 mutation, in tumor and adjacent non tumorous liver tissues using molecular techniques and 10 polymorphic microsatellite markers. RESULTS p53 codon 249 mutation was found in 25% of the subjects, as was expected, because many patients were from Mozambique, a country with high aflatoxin B 1 exposure. LOH was found at the RB1, BRCA2 and WT1 loci in 20%(4/*!20) of the HCCs, supporting a possible role of these genes in HCC. No LOH was evident in any of the remaining genes. Reports of mutations of p53 and RB1 genes in combination, described in other populations, were not confirmed in this study. Change in microsatellite repeat number was noted at 9/*!10 microsatellite loci in different HCCs, and changes at two or more loci were detected in 15%(3/*!20) of subjects. CONCLUSION We propose that microsatellite/genomic instability may play a role in the pathogenesis of a subset of HCCs in black Africans.

关键词： carcinoma, hepatocellular southern African blacks cumulative LOH tumor suppressor genes microsatellite genomic instability liver neoplasms

Trends of Cardiovascular Mortality in blacks Africans from Central African City: Hospital Based Study, Brazzaville (Congo)

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases 2019年第9期9卷 698-705页

作者： Bertrand F. Ellenga-Mbolla Aude Loko-Lemba Solange F. Mongo-Ngamami Christian M. Kouala-Landa Igor Ondze-Kafata Stephane M. Ikama Thierry R. Gombet Gisèle Kimbally-Kaky Department of Cardiology University Teaching Hospital of Brazzaville Brazzaville Congo Department of Doctoral Studies Faculty of Health Sciences Marien Ngouabi University of Brazzaville Brazzaville Congo

Background: To determine mortality causes and the associated factors. Patients and Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2014 to May 2015 (1 year) in the department of cardiology at University and teaching Hospital of Brazzaville. Patients admitted for cardiovascular diseases were included. Patients admitted for cardiovascular disease in other departments of the hospital, or without cardiovascular diseases were not included. Results: In total, 1035 patients, 605 women (5804%) were included. Mean age was 57.1 ± 7 years (range: 18 - 85 years). The patients were: elderly (n = 498, 48.1%), educated (n = 809, 78.1%), low-income (n = 253, 24.2%). The medical history of patients was: hypertension (n = 440, 42.5%), diabetes (n = 316, 30.5%), reduced physical activity (n = 154, 14.9%), excessive alcohol intake (n = 56, 5.4%). Heart failure was reported in 386 cases (37.3%). The mortality rate was 8% (n = 83);the mean age of deceased was 61.9 ± 7.3 years (p s in death were dilated cardiomyopathy (n = 37, 44.6%, OR 5, 95%CI 3.1 - 8, p -3.3, p = 0.002), atrial fibrillation (n = 24, 29%, OR 3.6, 95%CI 2.2 - 6, p - 9.8, p = 0.005). The associated death comorbidities were: acute respiratory infection (n = 44, 53%, OR 10.1, 95%CI 6.2 - 16, p - 10 p - 6.8, p Conclusion: Hypertension, heart failure and cardiomyopathies are the leading causes of mortality in the department of cardiology. Prevention and patient education in a low-income environment are essential elements to reduce this morbidity.

关键词： Mortality Cardiovascular Disease blacks Africans Sub-Saharan Africa

Fibroadenoma in blacks

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Health 2017年第11期9卷 1475-1481页

作者： Raphael Odobueze Egejuru Ikechukwu Godfrey Nnadi Okechukwu Nwabugo Duru Department of Histopathology FMC Owerri Nigeria Department of Surgery FMC Owerri Nigeria

Background: Fibroadenoma is the commonest benign tumour of the breast affecting the majority of young females below the age of thirty in our environment. It is a source of concern and psychological problems in females requiring medical attention in our hospitals. Aim: This study describes the clinicopathologic characteristics of fibroadenoma in Eastern Nigerian Igbo females. Methodology: The archives of the Department of Pathology Federal Medical Centre, Owerri was used for the data collection and analyzed using simple statistics. Results: 504 fibroadenomas were analyzed. The average size was 1.99 cm with a range of 0.5 cm to 18 cm. The average age of the patients was 22.6 ± 6.7 years with a range of 9 to 60 years. The peak age of incidence was in the 11 - 20 (44.64%) age group followed closely by the 21 - 30 (43.45%) age group. The ratio of involvement of the left to the right breast was 1:1.2. Fibroadenoma was 18% multiple and 10.7% bilateral. 5.3% (27), 0.6% (3), and 0.2% (1) of the cases were giant, complex fibroadenoma and malignant breast disease in fibroadenoma respectively. Conclusion: This study has provided insights into the clinicopathologic characteristics of fibroadenoma among Nigerian Igbos and calls for more research in this area in other parts Nigeria and elsewhere.

关键词： Fibroadenoma blacks Owerri

美国白人文化对黑人文化身份认知的影响(英文)

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思想战线 2013年第S2期39卷 206-207页

作者：吕波云南大学滇池学院

Culture,has the same characteristics with race,inherently speaking,without being superior or inferior in ***,when different kinds of cultures meet in one society,due to the economy,politics,the value conception systems in the society and other influential factors,there must exist the differences of being superior or *** is thought to be a major element to influence people’s thinking modes and *** addition,with the great pressure of the white people and their culture,in black community,there are more and more cases of gender oppression and self-discrimination among the black people.

关键词： white culture blacks in America cultural identity cultural impacts

Milkman的心路历程——论Milkman寻找自我的过程

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梧州学院学报 1999年第1期10卷 44-48页

作者：陈国娟广西大学梧州分校外语系

Milkman是美国黑人女作家Toni Morrison 的“诺贝尔文学奖”获奖小说《所罗门之歌》(Song of Solomon)里的主人公.本文探讨Milkman是如何在南行寻宝的过程中从一个没有生活目标,找不到生活乐趣,找不到自我,对黑人民族文化和历史一无所知... 详细信息

Milkman是美国黑人女作家Toni Morrison 的“诺贝尔文学奖”获奖小说《所罗门之歌》(Song of Solomon)里的主人公.本文探讨Milkman是如何在南行寻宝的过程中从一个没有生活目标,找不到生活乐趣,找不到自我,对黑人民族文化和历史一无所知,向往白人生活和白人世界的黑人成长为一个思想成熟,具有强烈民族自豪感的黑人传统文化的继承者.

关键词： Milkman blacks self identity quest

An Ecological Ethic Interpretation of Toni Morrison's Beloved

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青春岁月 2016年第17期 10-10页

作者：马雪涛陕西师范大学

Many comments usually think that the meaning of Toni Morrison’ s works are the rewriting of African American culture. Actually, Beloved is also a work which discuss the relationship between man and nature. This paper will try to study Beloved from the perspective of ecological ethnics, thus try to find a new way to understand the ecological ethic relationship between nature and man in the process of black history reconstruction.

关键词： ecological ethics Beloved blacks harmonious ecology