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A Reputation-Based AODV Protocol for blackhole and Malfunction Nodes Detection and Avoidance

Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第8期80卷 1867-1888页

作者： Qussai M.Yaseen Monther Aldwairi Ahmad Manasrah Artificial Intelligence Research Center(AIRC) College of Engineering and Information TechnologyAjman UniversityAjman346United Arab Emirates Department of Computer Information Systems Faculty of Computer and Information TechnologyJordan University of Science and TechnologyIrbid22110Jordan College of Technological Innovation Zayed UniversityAbu Dhabi144534United Arab Emirates Faculty of Information Technology and Computer Science Yarmouk UniversityIrbid21163Jordan Computer Information Systems Higher Colleges of TechnologySharjah341214United Arab Emirates

Enhancing the security of Wireless Sensor Networks(WSNs)improves the usability of their ***,finding solutions to various attacks,such as the blackhole attack,is crucial for the success of WSN *** paper proposes an enhanced version of the AODV(Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector)protocol capable of detecting blackholes and malfunctioning benign nodes in WSNs,thereby avoiding them when delivering *** proposed version employs a network-based reputation system to select the best and most secure path to a *** achieve this goal,the proposed version utilizes the Watchdogs/Pathrater mechanisms in AODV to gather and broadcast reputations to all network nodes to build the network-based reputation *** minimize the network overhead of the proposed approach,the paper uses reputation aggregator nodes only for forwarding reputation ***,to reduce the overhead of updating reputation tables,the paper proposes three mechanisms,which are the prompt broadcast,the regular broadcast,and the light broadcast *** proposed enhanced version has been designed to perform effectively in dynamic environments such as mobile WSNs where nodes,including blackholes,move continuously,which is considered a challenge for other *** the proposed enhanced protocol,a node evaluates the security of different routes to a destination and can select the most secure routing *** paper provides an algorithm that explains the proposed protocol in detail and demonstrates a case study that shows the operations of calculating and updating reputation values when nodes move across different ***,the paper discusses the proposed approach’s overhead analysis to prove the proposed enhancement’s correctness and applicability.

关键词： AODV blackhole malfunction nodes pathrater reputation system wireless sensor networks(WSNs) watchdogs

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Avoid Suspicious Route of blackhole Nodes in MANET’s:Using A Cooperative Trapping

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2023年第5期45卷 1901-1915页

作者： Abdllkader Esaid Mary Agoyi Department of Computer Engineering Faculty of EngineeringCyprus International UniversityNicosiaCyprus Information Technology Department School of Applied SciencesCyprus International UniversityNicosiaCyprus

Mobile Ad hoc Network(MANET)is decentralized wireless network and can communicate without existing infrastructure in many *** is vulnerable to various attacks that affect its performance such as blackhole *** attacker,inject fault routing information to persuade the source node to select the path with malicious node as the shortest *** eliminate malicious nodes from launching any collaborative attack.A cooperative Trapping Approach(CTA)was proposed based on modifying Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector(AODV)routing protocol and trapping the malicious nodes by responding to the trap request *** approach aims to eliminate and rule out both single and collaborative malicious blackhole nodes from any *** approach realizes a backward tracking mechanism to perform the elimination *** proposed algorithm(CTA)was executed using NS-2 network *** performance metrics that has been considered to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm such as throughput,end to end delay,packet delivery ratio,and consuming *** experimental results have shown the performance metrics of the proposed approach outperformed other state of at algorithms.

关键词： AODV blackhole MANET Malicious node

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Fuzzy Reputation Based Trust Mechanism for Mitigating Attacks in MANET

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Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing 2023年第3期35卷 3677-3692页

作者： S.Maheswari R.Vijayabhasker Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Anna University Regional CampusCoimbatore641046India

Mobile Ad-hoc Networks(MANET)usage across the globe is increas-ing by the *** a node’s trust value has signiﬁcant advantages since such network applications only run efﬁciently by involving trustable *** trust values are estimated based on the reputation values of each node in the network by using different ***,these mechanisms have various challenging issues which degrade the network ***,a novel Quality of Service(QoS)Trust Estimation with Black/Gray hole Attack Detection approach is proposed in this research ***,the QoS-based trust estimation is proposed by using a Fuzzy logic *** trust value of each node is estimated by using each node’s reputation values which are deter-mined based on the fuzzy membership function values and utilizing QoS para-meters such as residual energy,bandwidth,node mobility,and *** mechanism prevents only the black hole attack in the network during ***,the gray hole attacks are not identiﬁed which in turn increases the pack-et drop rate signiﬁ***,the gray hole attack is also detected based on the Kullback-Leibler(KL)divergence method used for estimating the statistical *** QoS metrics are considered to prevent the gray hole attack,such as packet loss,packet delivery ratio,and delay for each ***,the proposed mechanism prevents both black hole and gray hole attacks ***-ly,the simulation results show that the effectiveness of the proposed mechanism compared with the other trust-aware routing protocols in MANET.

关键词： Mobile ad-hoc network trust estimation blackhole grayhole attack fuzzy logic qos parameters kullback-leibler divergence

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REDUCING BURST PACKET LOSS THROUGH ROUTE-FREE FORWARDING

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Journal of Electronics(China) 2010年第3期27卷 363-370页

作者： Ma Hailong Guo Yunfei Cheng Dongnian Zhang Jianwei National Digital Switching System Engineering and Technology Research Center Zhengzhou 450002 China School of Computer Science and Communication Engineering Zhengzhou University of Light Industry Zhengzhou 450002 China

It is well known that today's inter-domain routing protocol, Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), converges slowly during network failures. Due to the distribution nature of Internet routing decisions and the rate-limiting timer Minimum Route Advertisement Interval (MRAI) of BGP, unavoidable convergence latency is introduced in reaction to network changes. During the period of convergence temporarily routing table inconsistencies cause short-term routing blackholes and loops which result in widespread temporary burst packet loss. In this paper, we present ROute-Free Forwarding (ROFF) - a novel technique for packet delivering continuously during periods of convergence. With slightly modifications on IP packet header and BGP, route loops and blackholes can be avoided. Our preliminary evaluation demonstrates that ROFF succeeds in reducing the number of Autonomous Systems (ASes) which experience burst packet loss and the duration of packet loss.

关键词： Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) Loop-free blackhole Forwarding

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Security Routing Protocol For The Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs)

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华商 2008年第12期 115-116页

作者：王五妹赵彩丹黄联芬姚彦厦门大学福建厦门361005

The pretty promising Wireless Mesh Networking technique, which is regarded as the next generation wireless Internet, not only possesses the normal features of wireless networks, but also has the advantages of multi-hop, self-organizing, etc. However, the great strength of the Mesh Networks also lead to a serious problem in the perspective of network security. This paper starts with the security issue of WMN routing and puts forward the corresponding solutions to the two kinds of routings' security, such as adding the public/private (Pi/Si) key to the AODV to solve the problem of black hole and adding the credit value of nodes to the DSR to improve the security.

关键词： WMN AODV DSR blackhole Credit value

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基于BGP协议的IP黑名单分发系统

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中国海洋大学学报（自然科学版） 2008年第S1期38卷 157-159页

作者：张焕杰杨寿保中国科学技术大学网络信息中心安徽合肥230026

在网络中设置IP黑名单,可以极大的减少网络安全事件的发生。系统将IP黑名单信息存放在数据库中,简化的BGP协议客户端读取数据库中的信息,利用BGP协议将IP黑名单更新给路由服务器(Router Server)并分发到各个路由器上。数据库存放的IP黑... 详细信息

在网络中设置IP黑名单,可以极大的减少网络安全事件的发生。系统将IP黑名单信息存放在数据库中,简化的BGP协议客户端读取数据库中的信息,利用BGP协议将IP黑名单更新给路由服务器(Router Server)并分发到各个路由器上。数据库存放的IP黑名单信息易于由程序自动进行添加、删除等操作,BGP协议的应用使得系统的可扩展性很强,路由器的管理员可选择性应用IP黑名单,灵活性更好。

关键词： BGP IP黑名单 IP blacklist blackhole sinkhole

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无线移动Ad Hoc网络的安全研究

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湖南人文科技学院学报 2009年第2期26卷 41-43页

作者：陈刚湖南大学软件学院湖南长沙410082 湖南人文科技学院计算机科学技术系湖南娄底417001

Ad Hoc网络有其自身优于其他网络的特点,但是这些特点不可避免的导致了它抵抗攻击的脆弱性,故安全性的研究成为Ad Hoc网络发展迫切解决的问题。在Ad Hoc网络中网络威胁和急待解决的问题,从网络的每层即网络应用层、传输层、网络层、数... 详细信息

Ad Hoc网络有其自身优于其他网络的特点,但是这些特点不可避免的导致了它抵抗攻击的脆弱性,故安全性的研究成为Ad Hoc网络发展迫切解决的问题。在Ad Hoc网络中网络威胁和急待解决的问题,从网络的每层即网络应用层、传输层、网络层、数据链路层、物理层来分析关注Ad Hoc网络的安全性问题,给出每层中可能出现的安全威胁,以及对安全问题给出一定的解决方案。

关键词：移动自组织网络(MANET) TCP ACK风暴攻击 blackhole wormhole DOS DNS缓存投毒溢出攻击

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