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Sea salt bittern-driven forward osmosis for nutrient recovery from black water: A dual waste-to-resource innovation via the osmotic membrane process

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2020年第2期14卷 197-206页

作者： Wenchao Xue May Zaw Xiaochan An Yunxia Hu Allan Sriratana Tabucanon Department of Energy Environment and Climate ChangeSchool of EnvironmentResources and DevelopmentAsian Institute of TechnologyP.O.Box 4Klong LuangPathumthani 12120Thailand State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes School of Materials Science and EngineeringTianjin Polytechnic UniversityTianjin 300387China Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies Mahidol UniversityNakhon Pathom 71370Thailand

A dual“waste-to-resource”innovation in nutrient enrichment and recovery from domestic black water using a sea salt bittern(SSB)-driven forward osmosis(FO)process is proposed and *** performance of SSB as a“waste-to-resource”draw solution for FO was first evaluated.A synthetic SSB-driven FO provided a water flux of25.67±3.36 L/m2 h,which was 1.5-1.7 times compared with synthetic seawater,1 M NaCl,and 1M *** compromised performance regarding reverse solute selectivity was *** compensation,the enhanced reverse diffusion of Mg+suggested superior potential in terms of recovering nutrients in the form of struvite *** nutrient enrichment was performed using both the pre-filtered influent and effluent of a domestic septic *** 80%of phosphate-P recovery was achieved from both low-and high-strength black water at a feed volume reduction up to 80%^90%.With an elevated feed pH(~9),approximately 60%-85%enriched phosphate-P was able to be recovered in the form of precipitated *** the enrichment performance of total Kjeldahl nitrogen(TKN)largely differed depending on the strength of black *** concentration factor(i.e.,3-folds)and retention(>60%)of TKN was obtained in the high-nutrient-strength black water at a feed volume reduction of 80%,in comparison with a weak TKN enrichment observed in low-strength black *** results suggested a good potential for nutrient recovery based on this dual“waste-to-resource”FO system with proper management of membrane cleaning.

关键词： Forward osmosis Sea salt bittern Black water Nutrient recovery pH

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Resistance to chemical attack of bittern-resisting cement in high-bittern environment

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Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing 2005年第5期12卷 469-475页

作者： Yunbing Hou Bingwen Wang Yu Chen Botao Zhang Lin Yu School of Resource ＆ Safety Engineering China University of Mining ＆ Technology （Beijing） Beijing 100083 China

A new kind of bittern-resisting cement （BRC） was introduced. This material is based on the ternary cementitious system of clinker containing C4A3 S phase, high-activity ground granulated blast-furnace slag （GGBFS） and fly ash （FA）. The hydration process and the hydrated products of BRC were studied by means of XRD, TG-DTA and SEM, and the resistance to chemical attack of BRC in high-bittern environment was also examined. The corrosion experiment in seven kinds of brines proved that BRC exhibits an excellent resistance to chemical attack of bittern. The corrosion resistance factors were calculated and all of them were greater than 0.96. It showed that BRC totally controls the cement-based material corrosion in brines from four aspects：（1） making full use of the dominant complementation effect of mineral materials; （2） diminishing the hydrated products easy to be attacked; （3） improving the microstructure of hardened cement mortar; （4） degrading the chemical attack of bittern.

关键词： bittern-resisting cement ternary cementitious system high-activity mineral materials resistance to chemical attack bittern corrosion resistance factor corrosion mechanism

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Durability of Concrete Subjected to the Combined Actions of Flexural Stress,Freeze-thaw Cycles and bittern Solutions

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Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science) 2008年第6期23卷 893-900页

作者：余红发 Department of Civil Engineering Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics

Freeze-thaw durabilities of three types of concretesnormal portland cement concrete （OPC）, high strength concrete （HSC） and steel fiber reinforced high strength concrete （SFRHSC） were systemically investigated under the attacks of chemical solution, and combination of external flexural stress and chemical solution. Four kinds of bitterns from salt lakes in Sinkiang, Qinghai, Inner Mongolia and Tibet provinces of China were used as chemical attack solutions. The relative dynamic modulus （RDM） was used as an index for evaluating the damage degree during the course of chemical attack and stress corrosion. The experimental results show that the freeze-thaw durability of concrete is visibly reduced in the present of the flexural stress, i e, stress accelerates the damage process. In order to quantify the stress accelerated effect, a stress accelerating coefficient was proposed. The stress accelerating coefficient is closely related with the types of bitterns and the numbers of freeze-thaw cycles is. The more numbers of freeze-thaw cycles is, the greater the stress accelerating coefficient for various concretes will be. In addition, there also exists a critical ratio of external stress to the maximum flexural stress. If the stress ratio exceeds the critical one, the freeze-thaw durability of various concretes will be greatly decreased compared to the responding concretes without applied stress. The critical stress ratio of OPC, HSC and SFRHSC is 0.30, 0.40 and 0.40, respectively, indicating that HSC and SFRHSC have advantages over OPC and are suitable to use in the bittern erosion regions.

关键词： high strength concrete steel fiber reinforced high strength concrete chemicalattack stress corrosion freezing-thawing durability bittern

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