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Molecular evolution and deorphanization of bitter taste receptors in a vampire bat

Integrative Zoology 2021年第5期16卷 659-669页

作者： Qin LU Hengwu JIAO Yi WANG Ngawang NORBU Huabin ZHAO Department of Ecology Tibetan Centre for Ecology and Conservation at WHU-TUHubei Key Laboratory of Cell HomeostasisCollege of Life SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhanChina Research Center for Ecology College of ScienceTibet UniversityLhasaChina

Bats represent the largest dietary radiation in a single mammalian order,and have become an emerging model group for studying dietary *** receptor genes have proven to be molecular signatures of dietary diversification in *** example,all 3 extant species of vampire bats have lost many bitter taste receptor genes(Tas2rs)in association with their dietary shift from insectivory to ***,only 8 full-length Tas2rs were identified from the high-quality genome of the common vampire bat(Desmodus rotundus).However,it is presently unknown whether these bitter receptors are functional,since the sense of taste is less important in vampire bats,which have an extremely narrow diet and rely on other senses for acquiring ***,we applied a molecular evolutionary analysis of Tas2rs in the common vampire bat compared with non-vampire ***,we provided the first attempt to deorphanize all bitter receptors of the vampire bat using a cell-based *** found that all Tas2r genes in the vampire bat have a level of selective pressure similar to that in non-vampire bats,suggesting that this species must have retained some bitter taste *** demonstrated that 5 of the 8 bitter receptors in the vampire bat can be activated by some bitter compounds,and observed that the vampire bat generally can not detect naturally occurring bitter compounds examined in this *** study demonstrates functional retention of bitter taste in vampire bats as suggested by cell-based functional assays,calling for an in-depth study of extra-oral functions of bitter taste receptors.

关键词： bitter taste diet evolution selection vampire bat

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Discovery of the relationship between bitter taste and bitter flavor (efficacy) based on hTAS2Rs

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences 2023年第2期10卷 170-178页

作者： Jing Li Sha Peng Mengqi Huo Yanfeng Cao Zhao Chen Yanling Zhang Yanjiang Qiao Key Laboratory of TCM-information Engineer of State Administration of TCM Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing102488China School of Chinese Materia Medica Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing102488China Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine China Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijing100700China

Objective:To explore the relationship between bitter taste and bitter flavor(efficacy),their character-istics were analyzed at the target and pharmacodynamic ***:Compounds with bitter receptor activity were obtained by high-throughput screening models of the human bitter taste receptors(hTAS2Rs),which were used to analyze bitter *** efficacy of anti-asthma medications was used as an example to research bitter flavor(efficacy).The pharmacological effects of bitter taste and bitter flavor(efficacy)were classified according to the functional *** coverage for the same targets or pharmacological effects in the overall protein interaction network(PIN)of bitter taste and bitter flavor(efficacy)was analyzed to reveal their *** effect of the compound polydatin with anti-asthma activation on hTAS2R14 was studied to verify the reliability of the aforementioned ***:A total of 121 Chinese materia medica(CMM)compounds that activate hTAS2R10,hTAS2R14,and hTAS2R49 were *** analysis results indicated that 108 same targets for bitter taste and bitter flavor(efficacy)were obtained,accounting for 13.9%in the PIN of bitter taste and 72.5%in the PIN of bitter flavor(efficacy).The pharmacological effects shared by bitter taste and bitter flavor(efficacy)accounted for 79%of the PIN of bitter taste and 81%of the PIN of bitter flavor(efficacy).The activating effect of the anti-asthma compound polydatin on hTAS2R14 was dose-dependent with EC 50 of 4.3 m ***:In this study,the relationship between bitter taste and bitter flavor(efficacy)has been demonstrated from the target and pharmacodynamic points,which are based on hTAS2Rs and anti-asthma *** taste and bitter flavor(efficacy)exhibited a high *** study provides a theoretical and scientific basis for the hypothesis that“the property theory of CMM is the clinical pharmacodynamics of CMM.”

关键词： bitter taste bitter flavor hTAS2Rs Chinese materia medica Property theory of Chinese materia medica

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Smallest bitter taste receptor (T2Rs) gene repertoire in carnivores

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Zoological Research 2013年第3期34卷 75-81页

作者： Ling-Ling HU Peng SHI State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650223China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

bitter taste reception is presumably associated with dietary selection,preventing animals from ingesting potentially harmful ***,carnivores,who encounter these toxic substances less often,should have fewer genes associated with bitter taste reception compared with herbivores and *** investigate the genetic basis of bitter taste reception,we confirmed bitter taste receptor(T2R)genes previously found in the genome sequences of two herbivores(cow and horse),two omnivores(mouse and rat)and one carnivore(dog).We also identified,for the first time,the T2R repertoire from the genome of other four carnivore species(ferret,giant panda,polar bear and cat)and detected 17−20 bitter receptor genes from the five carnivore genomes,including 12−16 intact genes,0−1 partial but putatively functional genes,and 3−8 *** the intact T2R genes and the total T2R gene number among carnivores were the smallest among the tested species,supporting earlier speculations that carnivores have fewer T2R genes,herbivores an intermediate number,and omnivores the largest T2R gene *** further explain the genetic basis for this disparity,we constructed a phylogenetic tree,which showed most of the T2R genes from the five carnivores were one-to-one orthologs across the tree,suggesting that carnivore T2Rs were conserved among ***,the small carnivore T2R family size was likely due to rare duplication ***,these results strengthen arguments for the connection between T2R gene family size,diet and habit.

关键词： T2R bitter taste Carnivores Duplication

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Emulsifying property,antioxidant activity,and bitterness of soybean protein isolate hydrolysate obtained by Corolase PP under high hydrostatic pressure

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年第3期13卷 1271-1278页

作者： Haining Guan Chunmei Feng Min Ren Xiaojun Xu Dengyong Liu Xiaoqin Diao College of Food Science and Technology Bohai UniversityJinzhou 121013China

Enzymatic hydrolysis of proteins can enhance their emulsifying properties and antioxidant ***,the problem related to the hydrolysis of proteins was the generation of the bitter ***,high hydrostatic pressure(HHP)treatment has attracted much interest and has been used in several studies on protein ***,the study aimed to investigate the effects of enzymatic hydrolysis by Corolase PP under different pressure treatments(0.1,100,200,and 300 MPa for 1-5 h at 50℃)on the emulsifying property,antioxidant activity,and bitterness of soybean protein isolate hydrolysate(SPIH).As observed,the hydrolysate obtained at 200 MPa for 4 h had the highest emulsifying activity index(47.49 m^(2)/g)and emulsifying stability index(92.98%),and it had higher antioxidant activities(44.77%DPPH free radical scavenging activity,31.12%superoxide anion radical scavenging activity,and 61.50%copper ion chelating activity).At the same time,the enhancement of emulsion stability was related to the increase of zeta potential and the decrease of mean particle *** addition,the hydrolysate obtained at 200 MPa for 4 h had a lower bitterness value and showed better *** study has a broad application prospect in developing food ingredients and healthy foods.

关键词： Soybean protein isolate High hydrostatic pressure Emulsification Antioxidant bitter taste

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