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Pathways of birnessite formation in alkali medium

Science China Earth Sciences 2005年第9期48卷 1438-1451页

作者： FENG Xionghan1, TAN Wenfeng1, LIU Fan1, HUANG Qiaoyun1 & LIU Xiangwen2 1. College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China 2. Testing Center, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China College of Resources and Environment Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan China Testing Center China University of Geosciences Wuhan China

birnessite is a common weathering and oxidation product of manganese-bearing rocks. An O2 oxidation procedure of Mn(OH)2 in the alkali medium has been used to synthesize birnessite. Fast and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), electron diffraction (ED), energy dispersed X-ray analysis (EDAX), infrared spectroscopy (IR) techniques and chemical composition analysis, Eh-pH equilibrium diagram approaches were employed to investigate the reaction process and pathways of birnessite formation. Results showed that the process of the birnessite formation could be divided into four stages: (1) forma- tion stage for hausmannite and feitknechtite, (2) stage of transformation of hausmannite and feitknechtite to buserite, (3) buserite crystal growing stage, and (4) stage of conversion of buser- ite into birnessite. Mn(OH)2 was mainly present as amorphous state only for a short initial time of oxidation reaction. In the oxidation process, buserite formed following two pathways by recrys- tallization after dissolution of the intermediates, and the transformations of the minerals de- pended on the Eh determined by the dissolved O2 concentration on their surfaces. The results are fundamental in further exploration on the mechanism of birnessite formation in the alkali medium. A great practical significance would also be expected with respect to the areas of mate- rial sciences.

关键词： birnessite, pathway of formation, reaction process, Eh-pH diagram, hausmannite, feitknechtite.

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