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biological nitrogen fixation in cereal crops:Progress,strategies,and perspectives

Plant Communications 2023年第2期4卷 28-40页

作者： Kaiyan Guo Jun Yang Nan Yu Li Luo Ertao Wang Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences College of Life SciencesShanghai Normal UniversityShanghai 200234China National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesInstitute of Plant Physiology and EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200032China School of Life Sciences Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioenergy CropsShanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China

nitrogen is abundant in the atmosphere but is generally the most limiting nutrient for plants.The inability of many crop plants,such as cereals,to directly utilize freely available atmospheric nitrogen gas means that their growth and production often rely heavily on the application of chemical fertilizers,which leads to greenhouse gas emissions and the eutrophication of water.By contrast,legumes gain access to nitrogen through symbiotic association with rhizobia.These bacteria convert nitrogen gas into biologically available ammonia in nodules through a process termed symbiotic biological nitrogen fixation,which plays a decisive role in ecosystem functioning.Engineering cereal crops that can fix nitrogen like legumes or associate with nitrogen-fixing microbiomes could help to avoid the problems caused by the overuse of synthetic nitrogen fertilizer.With the development of synthetic biology,various efforts have been undertaken with the aim of creating so-called‘‘N-self-fertilizing’’crops capable of performing autonomous nitrogen fixation to avoid the need for chemical fertilizers.In this review,we briefly summarize the history and current status of engineering N-self-fertilizing crops.We also propose several potential biotechnological approaches for incorporating biological nitrogen fixation capacity into non-legume plants.

关键词： biological nitrogen fixation cereal plants self-fertilizing crops microbiome

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What do we know about biological nitrogen fixation in insects? Evidence and implications for the insect and the ecosystem

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Insect Science 2020年第3期27卷 392-403页

作者： Nitsan Bar-Shmuel Adi Behar Michal Segoli Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert ResearchBen-Gurion University of the NegevSede Boqer CampusIsrael Kimron Veterinary Institute Department of ParasitologyBet DaganIsrael

Many insects feed on a low‐nitrogen diet,and the origin of their nitrogen supply is poorly understood.It has been hypothesized that some insects rely on nitrogen‐fixing bacteria(diazotrophs)to supplement their diets.nitrogen fixation by diazotrophs has been extensively studied and convincingly demonstrated in termites,while evidence for the occurrence and role of nitrogen fixation in the diet of other insects is less conclusive.Here,we summarize the methods to detect nitrogen fixation in insects and review the available evidence for its occurrence(focusing on insects other than termites).We distinguish between three aspects of nitrogen fixation investigations:(i)detecting the presence of potential diazotrophs;(ii)detecting the activity of the nitrogen‐fixing enzyme;and(iii)detecting the assimilation of fixed nitrogen into the insect tissues.We show that although evidence from investigations of the first aspect reveals ample opportunities for interactions with potential diazotrophs in a variety of insects,demonstrations of actual biological nitrogen fixation and the assimilation of fixed nitrogen are restricted to very few insect groups,including wood‐feeding beetles,fruit flies,leafcutter ants,and a wood wasp.We then discuss potential implications for the insect's fitness and for the ecosystem as a whole.We suggest that combining these multiple approaches is crucial for the study of nitrogen fixation in insects,and argue that further demonstrations are desperately needed in order to determine the relative importance of diazotrophs for insect diet and fitness,as well as to evaluate their overall impact on the ecosystem.

关键词： biological nitrogen fixation diazotrophs gut microbiome insect diet

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“biological nitrogen fixation” Book Summary

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Advances in Microbiology 2016年第6期6卷 407-411页

作者： Frans J. de Bruijn INRA/CNRS Laboratory of Plant-Microbe Interactions Castanet France

biological nitrogen fixation is a very valuable alternative to nitrogen fertilizer. This process will be discussed in the “biological nitrogen fixation” book. A wide array of free-living and associative nitrogen fixing organisms (diazotrophs) will be covered. The most extensively studied and applied example of biological nitrogen fixation is the symbiotic interaction between nitrogen fixing “rhizobia” and legume plants. While legumes are important as major food and feed crops, cereals such as wheat, maize and rice are the primary food crops, but do not have this symbiotic nitrogen fixing interaction with rhizobia. It has thus been a “holy grail” to transfer the ability to fix nitrogen to the cereals and this topic will be also addressed in these books.

关键词： biological nitrogen fixation Diazotrophs Nodulation nitrogenase Legumes Cereals

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Plant growth and metabolism of exotic and native Crotalaria species for mine land rehabilitation in the Amazon

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第1期35卷 143-154页

作者： Hemelyn Soares das Chagas Rafael Silva Guedes Markus Gastauer Paula Godinho Ribeiro Allan Klynger da Silva Lobato Cecílio Frois Caldeira Fabrício William deÁvila AndréRodrigues dos Reis Silvio Junio Ramos Instituto Tecnológico Vale Rua Boaventura da Silva955BelémPA 66055-090Brazil Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará XinguaraPABrazil Núcleo de Pesquisa Vegetal Básica e Aplicada Universidade Federal Rural da AmazôniaParagominasPABrazil Departamento de Engenharia Florestal Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste/UNICENTROIratiPRBrazil School of Sciences and Engineering São Paulo State University(UNESP)TupãSP.CEP 17602-496Brazil

Despite its enormous benefits,mining is respon-sible for intense changes to vegetation and soil properties.Thus,after extraction,it is necessary to rehabilitate the mined areas,creating better conditions for the establishment of plant species which is challenging.This study evaluated mineral and organic fertilization on the growth,and carbon and nitrogen(N)metabolism of two Crotalaria species[Cro-talaria spectabilis(exotic species)and Crotalaria maypu-rensis(native species from Carajás Mineral Province(CMP)]established on a waste pile from an iron mine in CMP.A control(without fertilizer application)and six fertilization mixtures were tested(i=NPK;ii=NPK+micronutrients;iii=NPK+micronutrients+organic compost;iv=PK;v=PK+micronutrients;vi=PK+micronutrients+organic compost).Fertilization contributed to increased growth of both species,and treatments with NPK and micronutrients had the best results(up to 257%cf.controls),while organic fertilization did not show differences.Exotic Crotalaria had a greater number of nodules,higher nodule dry mass,chlorophyll a and b contents and showed free ammonium as the predominant N form,reflecting greater increments in biomass compared to native species.Although having lower growth,the use of this native species in the rehabilitation of mining areas should be considered,mainly because it has good development and meets current government legislation as an opportunity to restore local biodiversity.

关键词： biological nitrogen fixation Mining nitrogen metabolism Plant nutrition

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Changes in soil free-living diazotrophic community and co-occurrence patterns along desert wetland degradation gradient in the Mu Us Desert,northern China

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Pedosphere 2023年第4期33卷 638-648页

作者： Kun WANG Hongyan FEI Qian TONG Chuanyu WAN Ruopeng PAN Fengpeng HAN State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau College of Natural Resources and EnvironmentNorthwest A&F UniversityShaanxi 712100(China) Research Center on Soil&Water Conservation Institute of Soil and Water ConservationChinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water ResourcesShaanxi 712100(China)

Climate change and human activity have led to the degradation of desert wetlands.Free-living diazotrophs are vital for soil nitrogen input.However,a comprehensive understanding of how soil free-living diazotrophic communities and their co-occurrence patterns respond to desert wetland degradation is lacking.Here,quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR),amplicon sequencing targeting nitrogenase gene(nifH),and network analysis were used to investigate the abundance,diversity,community composition,and co-occurrence patterns of soil free-living diazotrophs along the wetland degradation gradient,i.e.,non-degraded(ND),lightly degraded(LD),moderately degraded(MD),and severely degraded(SD),in the southeastern Mu Us Desert,northern China.The abundance and Shannon,Simpson,Chao 1,and ACE indexes decreased(P0.05)was observed between ND and LD wetlands.The relative abundance of Proteobacteria generally decreased(by 53.5%–19.7%)across the different degradation levels,while the relative abundance of Cyanobacteria increased(by 6.2%–40.1%)from ND to MD levels.The abundance,diversity,and community composition of diazotrophs were most strongly related to soil organic carbon,followed by total nitrogen,moisture,and pH.The least number of network nodes and edges and the lowest density were observed for MD and SD wetlands,indicating that the complexity of free-living diazotrophic networks was reduced by continued degeneration.Overall,severe desert wetland degradation affected the abundance,diversity,and network complexity of soil free-living diazotrophs more negatively than light degradation.This degradation promoted the growth of autotrophic diazotrophs and inhibited the growth of heterotrophic diazotrophs.These changes were mostly related to the loss of soil organic carbon.

关键词： amplicon sequencing biological nitrogen fixation co-occurrence network analysis nifH gene quantitative polymerase chain reaction soil organic carbon

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Transfer characteristics of nitrogen fixed by leguminous green manure crops when intercropped with maize in northwestern China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2022年第4期21卷 1177-1187页

作者： LIU Rui ZHOU Guo-peng CHANG Dan-na GAO Song-juan HAN Mei ZHANG Jiu-dong SUN Xiao-feng CAO Wei-dong Institute of Soil and Fertilizer Qinghai Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/The Graduate SchoolQinghai UniversityXining 810016P.R.China Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional PlanningChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081P.R.China College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095P.R.China Institute of Soil and Fertilizer and Water-saving Gansu Academy of Agricultural SciencesLanzhou 730070P.R.China

To ascertain the possibility of cultivating maize using biological nitrogen fixation(BNF)by leguminous green manure crops in maize/leguminous green manure intercropping systems,BNF and nitrogen(N)transfer were studied in Xining and Wuwei,two typical northwestern Chinese cities.The experimental treatments included monocultured maize,monocultured green manures(hairy vetch and common vetch),and their intercropping systems.The proportions of N derived from the atmosphere(%N_(dfa))in intercropping systems were not significantly different from that in monocultured green manure systems at either experimental site,except for that in hairy vetch(HV)in Xining.The amount of N derived from the atmosphere(N_(dfa))of common vetch(CV)significantly decreased from 1.16 and 1.10 g/pot in monoculture to 0.77 and 0.55 g/pot when intercropped with maize,in Xining and Wuwei,respectively,and the N_(dfa) of HV when intercropped significantly decreased from 1.02 to 0.48 g/pot in Xining.In the intercropping systems in Xining and Wuwei,the amounts of N transferred(N_(transfer))from CV to maize were 21.54 and 26.81 mg/pot,accounting for 32.9 and 5.9%respectively of the N accumulation in maize,and the values of N_(transfer) from HV to maize were 39.61 and 46.22 mg/pot,accounting for 37.0 and 23.3%,respectively,of the N accumulation in maize.Path analysis showed that soil nutrient and green manure biomass were mainly related to N_(dfa),and thatδ^(15) N had a primary relationship with N_(transfer).We found that 5.9-37.0%of N accumulation in maize was transferred from green manures,and that the N transfer ability to maize of HV was higher than that of CV.In conclusion,intercropping with leguminous green manures provided a feasible way for maize to effectively utilize biologicallyfixed N.

关键词： green manure maize intercropping biological nitrogen fixation nitrogen transfer

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The life and work of Dr. Fan Qingsheng： a pioneer in antibiotics research, agricultural microbiology, systems agriculture, and agricultural education in China

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Protein & Cell 2017年第8期8卷 551-557页

作者： Jianping Xu Department of Biology McMaster University Hamilton ON L8S 4K1 Canada

Microbes are everywhere in the Earth＇s biosphere-they play crucial roles in agriculture, nutrient cycling, environmental protection, and animal and human health. However, despite the importance of microbes throughout... 详细信息

关键词： biological nitrogen fixation Symbiotic nitrogen fixation Soil Microbiology Medicinal Mushroom Mushroom Production

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Relay-intercropping soybean with maize maintains soil fertility and increases nitrogen recovery efficiency by reducing nitrogen input

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The Crop Journal 2020年第1期8卷 140-152页

作者： Qing Du Li Zhou Ping Chen Xiaoming Liu Chun Song Feng Yang Xiaochun Wang Weiguo Liu Xin Sun Junbo Du Jiang Liu Kai Shu Wenyu Yang Taiwen Yong College of Agronomy Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu 611130SichuanChina College of Environment Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu 611130SichuanChina Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest Ministry of AgricultureChengdu 611130SichuanChina Yibing Academy of Agricultural Sciences Yibing 644000SichuanChina Shehong Farm Bureau Suining 629200SichuanChina

Optimized nitrogen(N)management can increase N-use efficiency in intercropping systems.Legume-nonlegume intercropping systems can reduce N input by exploiting biological N fixation by legumes.Measurement of N utilization can help in dissecting the mechanisms underlying N uptake and utilization in legume-nonlegume intercropping systems.An experiment was performed with three planting patterns:monoculture maize(MM),monoculture soybean(SS),and maize-soybean relay intercropping(IMS),and three N application levels:zero N(NN),reduced N(RN),and conventional N(CN)to investigate crop N uptake and utilization characteristics.N recovery efficiency and 15N recovery rate of crops were higher under RN than under CN,and those under RN were higher under intercropping than under the corresponding monocultures.Compared with MM,IMS showed a lower soil N-dependent rate(SNDR)in 2012.However,the SNDR of MM rapidly declined from 86.8%in 2012 to 49.4%in 2014,whereas that of IMS declined slowly from 75.4%in 2012 to 69.4%in 2014.The interspecific N competition rate(NCRms)was higher under RN than under CN,and increased yearly.Soybean nodule dry weight and nitrogenase activities were respectively 34.2%and 12.5%higher under intercropping than in monoculture at the beginning seed stage.The amount(Ndfa)and ratio(%Ndfa)of soybean N2 fixation were significantly greater under IS than under SS.In conclusion,N fertilizer was more efficiently used under RN than under CN;in particular,the relay intercropping system promoted N fertilizer utilization in comparison with the corresponding monocultures.An intercropping system helps to maintain soil fertility because interspecific N competition promotes biological N fixation by soybean by reducing N input.Thus,a maize-soybean relay intercropping system with reduced N application is sustainable and environmentally friendly.

关键词： Maize-soybean relay intercropping Reduced nitrogen biological nitrogen fixation nitrogen recovery efficiency Soil nitrogen dependent rate

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Agronomic evaluation of Herbaspirillum seropedicae strain ZAE94 as an inoculant to improve maize yield in Brazil

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Pedosphere 2021年第4期31卷 583-595页

作者： Gabriela C.ALVES Carlos L.R.DOS SANTOS Jerri E.ZILLI Fabio B.DOS REIS JUNIOR Ivanildo E.MARRIEL Farley A.da F.BREDA Robert M.BODDEY Veronica M.REIS Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro Department of Soilskm 7 BR 465Seropédica RJ 23900-000(Brazil) Federal University of Mato Grosso 2367 Fernando Corrêa Costa AvenueBoa Esperança M 78060-900(Brazil) Embrapa Agrobiology km 07 BR 465Seropédica RJ 23891-000(Brazil) Embrapa Cerrados BR-020 km 18Planaltina DF 73310-970(Brazil) Embrapa Maize and Sorghum MG 424 km 45Sete Lagoas MG 35701-970(Brazil)

Diazotrophic bacteria applied as a seed inoculant can improve the grain yield of several crops including maize. The current study aimed to test the agronomic efficiency and contribution of biological nitrogen fixation(BNF) of the endophytic diazotroph Herbaspirillum seropedicae strain ZAE94 to maize under field conditions. Eighteen field assays were conducted in four different locations during consecutive years on two hybrids and two varieties of maize in a random block design with four replicates using a peat-based inoculant. The inoculant containing the ZAE94 strain was applied without nitrogen(N)fertilization or with 40 kg N ha^(-1) and was compared to the application of 40 and 80 kg N ha^(-1) without inoculation. Crop productivity and N accumulation in the grain were evaluated in addition to ^(15)N natural abundance(δ^(15)N) to evaluate BNF in the treatments without N fertilization. Fertilization at 40 kg N ha^(-1) plus bacterial inoculation produced crop yields similar to the treatment with 80 kg N ha^(-1) and increased grain N content, especially in the off-season with 40 kg N ha^(-1). The inoculation treatments showed lower δ^(15)N values than the non-inoculated treatments, which was most evident in the off-season. The BNF contributed about 30% of N accumulated in plants inoculated with ZAE94. On average, 64% of the N fertilized plots showed an increase of the parameters evaluated in the inoculated treatments, compared with the control. Inoculation also increased root length, root volume, and leaf area, and these parameters were positively correlated with plant weight using a hydroponic assay. This study revealed that the application of H. seropedicae inoculant increased the amount of N in plants owing to BNF, and there is a better chance of yield response to inoculation under low N fertilizer application in the off-season.

关键词： agronomic efficiency biological nitrogen fixation endophytic diazotroph inoculation 15N natural abundance plant growth-promoting bacteria

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Biotechnological Potential of Endophytic Bacteria to Improve the Micropropagated Seedling of Variety RB92579 Sugarcane(Saccharum officinarum L.)

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Advances in Microbiology 2018年第11期8卷 859-873页

作者： Maria do Carmo Silva Barreto Márcia do Vale Barreto Figueiredo Márcia Vanusa da Silva Arnóbio Gon?alves de Andrade José de Paula de Oliveira Clébia Maria Alves Almeida Livia Caroline Alexandre de Araújo Odemar Vicente dos Reis Junior Manoel Urbano Ferreira Junior Antonio Félix da Costa Vera Lucia de Menezes Lima Departamento de Bioquímica Centro de Biociências Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Recife Brazil Laboratório de Biologia do Solo Instituto Agron&#244 mico de Pernambuco Recife Brazil Departamento de Química Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Recife Brazil Centro de Tecnologias Estratégicas do Nordeste Recife Brazil

Endophytic bacteria may influence agricultural production in several ways, including promoting plant growth. Two experiments were conducted in order to evaluate the combination of endophytic bacteria from the Brazilian Northeast region aims at the commercial introduction of the inoculation of these bacteria in micropropagated sugarcane plants using a temporary immersion bioreactor. One experiment was done in tubes with sterile commercial substrate, and the other was done in pots with soil;both were installed in a greenhouse. A mixed inoculation was performed in six inoculated endophytic diazotrophic bacteria in micropropagated sugarcane plants, variety RB92579. In the experiment with soil, the mixed inoculation significantly increased the shoot dry matter of plants without the addition of nitrogen fertilizer. However, the accumulation of total-N in the tissues showed no significant differences between treatments with and without nitrogen fertilization. The evaluation of micropropagated seedlings showed no increases in the parameters tested. The results showed that the response of inoculation in temporary immersion bioreactor micropropagation is possible, and that the application of homologous strains may have contributed to a better response by the interaction of endophytic bacteria with sugarcane RB92579. Further studies should be conducted to improve the methodology, which indicates a great potential to optimize this process on a commercial scale.

关键词： biological nitrogen fixation Meristem Culture Diazotrophic Bacteria Endophytes Micropropagation

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