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Nanomaterial-based delivery vehicles for therapeutic cancer vaccine development

Cancer Biology & Medicine 2021年第2期18卷 352-371页

作者： Jie Liang Xiao Zhao CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety&CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of ChinaBeijing 100190China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Nanomaterial-based delivery vehicles such as lipid-based,polymer-based,inorganics-based,and bio-inspired vehicles often carry distinct and attractive advantages in the development of therapeutic cancer vaccines.Based on various delivery vehicles,specifically designed nanomaterials-based vaccines are highly advantageous in boosting therapeutic and prophylactic antitumor immunities.Specifically,therapeutic vaccines featuring unique properties have made major contributions to the enhancement of antigen immunogenicity,encapsulation efficiency,biocompatibility,and stability,as well as promoting antigen cross-presentation and specific CD8^(+)T cell responses.However,for clinical applications,tumor-associated antigen-derived vaccines could be an obstacle,involving immune tolerance and deficiency of tumor specificities,in achieving maximum therapeutic indices.However,when using bioinformatics predictions with emerging innovations of in silico tools,neoantigen-based therapeutic vaccines might become potent personalized vaccines for tumor treatments.In this review,we summarize the development of preclinical therapeutic cancer vaccines and the advancements of nanomaterial-based delivery vehicles for cancer immunotherapies,which provide the basis for a personalized vaccine delivery platform.Moreover,we review the existing challenges and future perspectives of nanomaterial-based personalized vaccines for novel tumor immunotherapies.

关键词： Nanomaterial-based delivery vehicles bioinformatic prediction neoantigen personalized vaccines tumor immunotherapy

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Identification of tRNA-derived Fragments and Their Potential Roles in Atherosclerosis

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Current Medical Science 2021年第4期41卷 712-721页

作者： Jian WANG Pei-kang DONG Xiu-feng XU Tao HUANG Shuai MAO Qing-guo WANG Jie HAO Xiao-hong LIU Xiao-dong SUN Kai KANG Quan ZHANG Jing-tian LI Tao WANG Department of Cardiology Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical UniversityWeifang261031China Department of Neurology Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical UniversityWeifang261031China Department of Endocrinology Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical UniversityWeifang261031China

Objective Atherosclerosis(AS),a chronic inflammatory disease,is the basis of cardiovascular disease(CVD).Although the treatment has been greatly improved,AS still imposes a large burden on human health and the medical system,and we still need to further study its pathogenesis.As a novel biomolecule,transfer RNA-derived fragments(tRFs)play a key role in the progression of various disease.However,whether tRFs contribute to atherosclerosis pathogenesis remains unexplored.Methods With deep sequencing technology,the change of tRFs expression profiles in patients with AS compared to healthy control group was identified.The accuracy of the sequencing data was validated using RT qPCR.Subsequently,we predicted the potential target genes of tRFs by online miRNA target prediction algorithms.The potential functions of tRFs were evaluated with Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway analyses.Results There were 13 tRFs differentially expressed between patients with AS and healthy controls,of which 2 were up-regulated and 11 were down-regulated.Validation by RT-qPCR analysis confirmed the sequencing results,and tRF-Gly-GCC-009 was highly up-regulated in the AS group based on the results of sequencing which was confirmed by RT-qPCR analysis.Furthermore,GO enrichment and KEGG pathway analyses indicated that 10 signaling pathways were related to tRF-Gly-GCC-009.These pathways might be physiopathological fundamentals of AS,mainly involving in Apelin signaling,Notch signaling and calcium signaling.Conclusion The results of our study provide important novel insight into the underlying pathogenesis and demonstrate that tRFs might be potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for AS in the future.

关键词： atherosclerosis noncoding RNAs transfer RNA-derived fragments bioinformatic prediction

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Combining genetic risk scores and structural change to improve disease prediction of neurexin and neuroligin in Autism

Combining genetic risk scores and structural change to impro...

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2018中国遗传学会第十次全国会员代表大会暨学术讨论会

作者： Kaiyu Xue Jian Li Shuanglin Wei Xie Key Laboratory of DGHD MOEInstitute of Life SciencesSoutheast University

Neuroligin（Nlg） and Neurexin（Nrx）, a pair of trans-synaptic cell adhesion molecules widely located in presynaptic and postsynaptic membrane, function significantly in the formation, maturation and plasticity of synapse in mammals. Human genetic studies have also indicated that Neuroligins are linked to Autism and other neurodevelopmental disorders. Clinical genome studies have reported plenty of point mutations in the two gene families of various mental disorder patients. Therefore, exploring their effects to protein structures and abnormality triggered by these mutations can help understand underlying molecular mechanism of diseases. In this study, we completely collected various types of gene mutations in Nrx and Nlg discovered in Autism patients genomes, mainly from Human Gene Mutation Database（HGMD）, which offers complete and detailed mutation information. Subsequently, MEGA7.0 and Genedoc were utilized to analyze conservation within genes, proteins in homo sapiens and representative species, revealing that Nlg and Nrx hold high conservative in base sequences as well as amino acid sequences, and the vast majority of fiftythree point mutations are located in high-conservation area. In order to study their harm degree of these point mutations, we use three prediction tools（i.e. MutationTaster, Polyphen-2 and Provean） to filter primarily, getting out a consistent outcome that around 3/4 mutations possibly affect protein structure and function deleteriously. As for molecular structures, NRX-1β/NLG4（PDB ID: 2 XB6） is used to do residue scanning based on mutations from HGMD, and then analyse ΔAffinity and ΔStability. In the seven point mutations involved in this complex, the 593 residue in NLG4 changing from Leu to Phe can decrease highly both affinity between chain A and chain B, and also protein stability proved by Schrodinger, causing interfering normal synapse functions. Additionally, further verification will be offered by molecular dynamic simulation and biological experiment. In summary, we filtered out the

关键词： neurexin neuroligin Autism point mutation bioinformatic prediction

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bioinformatic identification and expression analysis of new microRNAs from Medicago truncatula

Bioinformatic identification and expression analysis of new ...

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华东六省一市生物化学与分子生物学会2008年学术交流会

作者： Zhao Sheng Zhou Si Qi Huang Zhi Min Yang (Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,College of Life Sciences,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China)

MicroRNAs(miRNAs)are a class of non-protein coding small RNAs that regulate gene post-transcriptional expression in plants and animals.Although more than 1280 miRNAs in plant kingdom have been discovered thus far,only... 详细信息

关键词： microRNA bioinformatic prediction Medicago truncatula Heavy metal stress

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