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biofiltration and disinfection codetermine the bacterial antibiotic resistome in drinking water:A review and meta-analysis

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2020年第1期14卷 23-34页

作者： Kun Wan Wenfang Lin Shuai Zhu Shenghua Zhang Xin Yu Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health.Institute of Urban Environment Chinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Beijing Guohuan Tsinghua Environmental Engineering Design&Research Institute Co. Ltd.Beijing 100084China

The bacterial antibiotic resistome(BAR)is one of the most serious contemporary medical *** BAR problem in drinking water is receiving growing *** this study,we focused on the distribution,changes,and health risks of the BAR throughout the drinking water treatment *** extracted the antibiotic resistance gene(ARG)data from recent publications and analyzed ARG profiles based on diversity,absolute abundance,and relative *** absolute abundance of ARG was found to decrease with water treatment processes and was positively correlated with the abundance of 16S rRNA(r=0.963,/?biofiltration and chlorination were discovered to play important roles in shaping the bacterial antibiotic *** exhibited positive effects in controlling the diversity of ARG,while biofiltration,especially granular activated carbon filtration,increased the diversity of *** biofiltration and chlorination altered the structure of the resistome by affecting relative ARG *** addition,we analyzed the mechanism behind the impact of biofiltration and chlorination on the bacterial antibiotic *** intercepting influent ARG-carrying bacteria,biofilters can enrich various ARGs and maintain ARGs in *** further selects bacteria co-resistant to chlorine and ***,we proposed the BAR health risks caused by biofiltration and chlorination in water *** reduce potential BAR risk in drinking water,membrane filtration technology and water boiling are recommended at the point of use.

关键词： Drinking water treatment Antibiotic resistance gene biofiltration Chlorination

Combined process of biofiltration and ozone oxidation as an advanced treatment process for wastewater reuse

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2015年第6期9卷 1076-1083页

作者： Xinwei LI Hanchang SHI Kuixiao LI Liang ZHANG School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Beijing Drainage Group Co. Ltd. Beijing 100044 China

The effluent of a wastewater treatment plant was treated in a pilot plant for reclaimed water production through the denitrification biofilter （DNBF） process, ozonation （O3）, and biologic aerated filtration （BAF）. The combined process demonstrated good removal performance of conventional pollutants, including con- centrations of chemical oxygen demand （27.8 mg·L^-1） and total nitrogen （9.9 mg·L^-1） in the final effluent, which met the local discharge standards and water reuse purposes. Micropollutants （e.g., antibiotics and endocrine-disrupting chemicals） were also significantly removed during the proposed process. Ozonation exhibited high antibiotic removal efficiencies, especially for tetracycline （94%）. However, micropollutant removal efficiency was nega- tively affected by the nitrite produced by DNBF. Acute toxicity variations of the combined process were estimated by utilizing luminescent bacteria. Inhibition rate increased from 9% to 15% during ozonation. Carbonyl compound concentrations （e.g., aldehydes and ketones） also increased by 58% as by-products, which consequently increased toxicity. However, toxicity eventually became as low as that of the influent because the by-products were effectively removed by BAR The combined DNBF/O3/ BAF process is suitable for the advanced treatment of reclaimed water because it can thoroughly remove pollutants and toxicity.

关键词： wastewater treatment micropollutantremoval ozonation biofiltration toxicity

Improving Removal Efficiency of Organic Matters by Adding Phosphorus in Drinking Water biofiltration Treatment

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2003年第1期16卷 29-39页

作者： XIN YU, XIAO-JIAN ZHANG, AND ZHAN-SHENG WANGDepartment of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Tsinghua University 北京 100084

Objective To investigate phosphorus limitation and its effect on the removal efficiency of organic matters in drinking water biological treatment. Methods Bacterial growth potential (BGP) method and a pair of parallel pilot-scale biofilters were used for the two objectives, respectively. Results The addition of phosphorus could substantially increase the BGPs of the water samples and the effect was stronger than that of the addition of carbon. When nothing was added into the influents, both CODMn removals of the parallel biofilters (BF1 and BF2) were about 15%. When phosphate was added into its influent, BF1 performed a CODMn removal, 6.02 percentage points higher than the control filter (BF2) and its effluent had a higher biological stability. When the addition dose was <20μg. L-1, no phosphorus pollution would occur and there was a good linear relationship between the microbial utilization of phosphorus and the removal efficiency of organic matters. Conclusions Phosphorus was a limiting nutrient and its limitation was stronger than that of carbon. The addition of phosphate was a practical way to improve the removal efficiency of organic matters in drinking water biological treatment.

关键词： Drinking water biofiltration Phosphorus Limiting nutrient Organic matters Biological stability

Role of Fungal Biomass in N-Hexane biofiltration

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Advances in Microbiology 2017年第10期7卷 673-688页

作者： Mena M. Botros Ashraf Aly Hassan George A. Sorial 1The Ohio State Wexner Medical Center Columbus OH USA Civil Engineering Department University of Nebraska Lincoln Lincoln NE USA Department of Biomedical Chemical and Environmental Engineering University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH USA

The biofiltration of n-hexane is studied to optimize determinants factors of hydrophobic VOC filtration efficiency. Four trickle-bed air biofilters (TBABs) were employed;two of which were supplied with nutrients buffered at a neutral pH, while another two at an acidic pH of 4 to induce and enhance fungal growth. The loading rate of n-hexane was kept constant in all TBABs at 13 g/m3/h. At each pH levels studied, the biomass of the TBABs was pre-acclimated using different ratios of n-hexane and methanol. The fungal biomass responsible for the degradation of n-hexane was then examined and quantified. Dichloran Rose Bengal Chloramphenicol agar was used for fungi quantification, and optical microscopy for classification. Effluent biomass was validated by measuring volatile suspended solids. Fungal counts resulting from n-hexane biodegradation were related to nitrate and carbon consumption. It was found that n-hexane elimination capacity closely followed biomass growth, and reached a steady-state at an optimum biomass density of roughly 3000 cfu/ml. Major shifts in fungal species were observed in all TBABs. Dominant fungal species grew slowly to become the most numerous, and were found to provide maximum elimination capacity, although TBABs pre-acclimated to higher methanol concentrations took less time to reach this steady-state. It was concluded, therefore, that steady and monitored growth of TBAB biomass is an essential factor in maximizing fungi’s ability to metabolize VOCs and that a new ecological biofiltration model may be the most effective at VOC purification.

关键词： biofiltration N-Hexane Trickle Bed Air Biofilter (TBAB) VOCs Fungi

Modeling the formation of soluble microbial products(SMP) in drinking water biofiltration

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Water Science and Engineering 2008年第3期1卷 93-101页

作者： Yu Xin Ye Lin Wei Gu Institute of Urban Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiamen 361003 P. R. China Department of Civil Engineering The Univers#y of Hong Kong Hong Kong P. R. China Taizhou Institute of Science and Technology Nanjing University of Science and Technology Taizhou 225300 P. R. China

Both a theoretical and an empirical model were developed for predicting the formation of soluble microbial products （SMP） during drinking water biofiltration. Four pilot-scale biofilters with ceramsite as the medium were fed with different acetate loadings for the determination of SMP formation. Using numerically simulated and measured parameters, the theoretical model was developed according to the substrate and biomass balance. The results of this model matched the measured data better for higher SMP formation but did not fit well when SMP formation was lower. In order to better simulate the reality and overcome the difficulties of measuring the kinetic parameters, a simpler empirical model was also developed. In this model, SMP formation was expressed as a function of fed organic loadings and the depth of the medium, and a much better fit was obtained.

关键词： drinking water biofiltration soluble microbial products (SMP) mathematical modeling

Soil-Based biofiltration for Air Purification:Potentials for Environmental and Space LifeSupport Application

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2011年第8期2卷 1084-1094页

作者： Mark Nelson Hinrich L. Bohn 不详

Soil biofiltration, also known as soil bed reactor (SBR), technology was originally developed in Germany to take advantage of the diversity in microbial mechanisms to control gases producing malodor in industrial processes. The approach has since gained wider international acceptance and continues to see improvements to maximize microbial and process efficiency and extend the range of problematical gases for which the technology can be an effective control. We review the basic mechanisms which underlay microbial soil processes involved in air purification, advantages and limitations of the technology and the current research status of the approach. Soil biofiltration has lower capital and operating/energetic costs than conventional technologies and is well adapted to handle contaminants in moderate concentrations. The systems can be engineered to optimize efficiency though manipulation of temperature, pH, moisture content, soil organic matter and airflow rates. Soil air biofiltration technology was modified for application in the Biosphere 2 project, which demonstrated in preparatory research with a number of closed system testbeds that soil could also support crop plants while also serving as soil filters with airpumps to push air through the soil. This Biosphere 2 research demonstrated in several closed system testbeds that a number of important trace gases could be kept under control and led to the engineering of the entire agricultural soil of Biosphere 2 to serve as a soil filtration unit for the facility. Soil biofiltration, coupled with food crop production, as a component of bioregenerative space life support systems has the advantages of lower energy use and avoidance of the consumables required for other air purification approaches. Expanding use of soil biofiltration can aid a number of environmental applications, from the mitigation of indoor air pollution, as a method of reducing global warming impact of methane (biogas), improvement of industrial air e

关键词： Soil biofiltration Indoor Air Quality Bioremediation Ecological Engineering Air Pollution Purification

Performance of biotrickling filters packed with structured or cubic polyurethane sponges for VOC removal

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2011年第8期23卷 1325-1333页

作者： Chunping Yang Guanlong Yu Guangming Zeng Haining Yang Fayuan Chen Congying Jin College of Environmental Science and Engineering Hunan University Hunan 410082 China. College of Environmental Science and Engneering Zhejiang Gongshang University Hangzhou 310012 China Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control Hunan University Ministry of Education Hunan 410082 China

Two identical bench-scale biotrickling filters （BTFs）, BTF 1 and BTF 2, were evaluated for toluene removal at various gas empty bed contact times （EBCTs） and organic loadings. BTF 1 and BTF 2 were packed with structured and cubic synthetic polyurethane sponges, respectively. At a constant toluene loading of 16 g/（***）, toluene removal efficiencies decreased from 98.8% to 64.3% for BTF 1 and from 98.4% to 74.1% for BTF 2 as gas EBCT decreased from 30 to 5 sec. When the toluene loading increased from 35 to 140 g/（***） at a gas EBCT of 30 sec, the removal efficiencies decreased from 99.1% to 77.4% for BTF 1 and from 99.0% to 81.5% for BTF 2. The pressure drop for both BTFs increased with increased air flow rate, and did not significantly vary while the toluene loading was increased under similar operation conditions. BTF 1 and BTF 2 could start up successfully within 19 and 27 days, respectively, when packed with fresh sponge media, and the performances could be restored in 3-7 days after biomass was removed and wasted from the media. BTF 2 displayed higher removal efficiency even under shorter EBCT or higher loading rate than BTF1 when other operation conditions were similar, while it showed lower pressure drop than BTF 1 during the whole period of operation. These results demonstrated that both BTFs could treat waste gas containing toluene effectively.

关键词： biofiltration biotrickling filter elimination capacity empty bed contact time sponge volatile organic compound

Performance of rotating drum biofilter for volatile organic compound removal at high organic loading rates

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2008年第3期20卷 285-290页

作者： YANG Chunping CHEN Hong ZENG Guangming ZHU Xueqing SUIDAN Makram T College of Environmental Science and Engineering Hunan University Changsha 410082 China Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH 45221-0071 USA

Uneven distribution of volatile organic compounds （VOCs） and biomass, and excess biomass accumulation in some biofilters hinder the application of biofiltration technology. An innovative multilayer rotating drum biofilter （RDB） was developed to correct these problems. The RDB was operated at an empty bed contact time （EBCT） of 30 s and a rotational rate of 1.0 r/min. Diethyl ether was chosen as the model VOC. Performance of the RDB was evaluated at organic loading rates of 32,1, 64.2, 128, and 256 g ether/（m^3·h）（16.06 g ether/（m^3·h） ≈ 1.0 kg chemical oxygen demand （COD）/（m^3·d））. The EBCT and organic loading rates were recorded on the basis of the medium volume. Results show that the ether removal efficiency decreased with an increased VOC loading rate. Ether removal efficiencies exceeding 99% were achieved without biomass control even at a high VOC loading rate of 128 g ether/（m^3·h）. However, when the VOC loading rate was increased to 256 g ether/（m^3·h）, the average removal efficiency dropped to 43%. Nutrient limitation possibly contributed to the drop in ether removal efficiency. High biomass accumulation rate was also observed in the medium at the two higher ether loading rates, and removal of the excess biomass in the media was necessary to maintain stable performance. This work showed that the RDB is effective in the removal of diethyl ether from waste gas streams even at high organic loading rates. The results might help establish criteria for designing and operating RDBs.

关键词： biofiltration organic loading rotating drum biofilter (RDB) volatile organic compound

Removal of odors and VOCs in municipal solid waste comprehensive treatment plants using a novel three-stage integrated biofilter:Performance and bioaerosol emissions

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2021年第3期15卷 177-189页

作者： Jianwei Liu Peng Yue Nana Zang Chen Lu Xinyue Chen Beijing Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Urban Sewage System Construction and Risk Control Beijing University of Civil Engineering and ArchitectureBeijing 100044China Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Beijing University of Civil Engineering and ArchitectureBeijing 100044China

A novel three-stage integrated biofilter(TSIBF)composed of acidophilic bacteria reaction segment(ABRS),fungal reaction segment(FRS)and heterotrophic bacteria reaction segment(HBRS)was constructed for the treatment of odors and volatile organic compounds(VOCs)from municipal solid waste(MSW)comprehensive treatment *** performance,counts of predominant microorganisms,and bioaerosol emissions of a flill-scale TSIBF system were *** and stable removal efficiencies of hydrogen sulfide,ammonia and VOCs could be achieved with the TSIBF system,and the emissions of culturable heterotrophic bacteria,fungi and acidophilic sulfur bacteria were relatively *** removal efficiencies of different odors and VOCs,emissions of culturable microorganisms,and types of predominant microorganisms were different in the ABRS,FRS and HBRS due to the differences in reaction conditions and mass transfer in each *** emissions of bioaerosols from the TSIBF depended on the capture of microorganisms and their volatilization from the *** rational segmentation,filling of high-density packings and the accumulation of the predominant functional microorganisms in each segment enhanced the capture effect of the bioaerosols,thus reducing the emissions of microorganisms from the bioreactor.

关键词： biofiltration Multi-stage biofilter Volatile organic compounds Waste gas treatment Bioaerosol emissions