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Local habitat characteristics determine butterfly diversity and community structure in a threatened Kihansi gorge forest,Southern Udzungwa Mountains,Tanzania

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Ecological Processes 2022年第1期11卷 287-301页

作者： Alfan Abeid Rija Department of Wildlife Management College of ForestryWildlife and TourismSokoine University of AgricultureChuo KikuuP.O.Box 3073MorogoroTanzania

Background:Many species inhabiting Kihansi gorge ecosystem in Southern Udzungwa Mountains,Tanzania are threatened with extinction due to habitat loss caused by constructed hydropower plant that diverted over 90%the water off the Kihansi River.Understanding ecological correlates and structure of an animal community in perturbed ecosystems is an important way to enhancing species conservation particularly in this system,where several species are already threatened with extinction.This study assessed influences of local habitat characteristics on the butterfly abundance,species richness and diversity and examined how the butterfly community structures across three structurally heterogeneous habitats in the Kihansi gorge forest.Butterfly abundance data were collected using baited traps and measured environmental variables in the field,where trapping occurred.To understand the diversity and butterfly richness,these parameters were computed under Primer software.Non-metric multidimensional scaling and analysis of community similarity were used to analyse the butterfly community structure.Furthermore,the generalized linear models(GLM)were used to assess how the measured variables explained observed species diversity,abundance,and richness.Results:In total,72 species of butterfly in five families were recorded.Butterfly species diversity and richness did not vary across the habitat types or elevation gradient but showed strong correlation with some habitat characteristics.In addition,there was evidence of butterfly communities structuring into distinct groups that showed greater separation associated with the habitat characteristics they utilise.Furthermore,across the study area,butterfly species diversity increased significantly in high canopy and in trees with smaller DBH and at lower ground cover.Similarly,abundance significantly increased in the woodland and wooded grassland habitats,where there was high canopy and where tree density was high.Furthermore,butterfly species richness was strongly positively associated w

关键词： Butterfly assemblage biodiversity monitoring Elevation gradient Lepidoptera conservation Habitat characteristics Montane forest Similarity profile Threatened ecosystem

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The global significance of biodiversity science in China:an overview

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National Science Review 2021年第7期8卷 34-58页

作者： Xiangcheng Mi Gang Feng Yibo Hu Jian Zhang Lei Chen Richard T.Corlett Alice C.Hughes Stuart Pimm Bernhard Schmid Suhua Shi Jens-Christian Svenning Keping Ma Center for biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE) and Section for Ecoinformatics and biodiversity Department of Biology Aarhus University University of Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau and Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology School of Ecology and Environment Inner Mongolia University Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences East China Normal University Center for Integrative Conservation Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Center of Conservation Biology Core Botanical Gardens Chinese Academy of Sciences Nicholas School of the Environment Duke University Department of Geography Remote Sensing Laboratories University of Zurich State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Dynamics and Conservation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes School of Life Sciences Sun Yat-Sen University

biodiversity science in China has seen rapid growth over recent decades, ranging from baseline biodiversity studies to understanding the processes behind evolution across dynamic regions such as the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. We review research, including species catalogues; biodiversity monitoring; the origins, distributions, maintenance and threats to biodiversity; biodiversity-related ecosystem function and services; and species and ecosystems’ responses to global change. Next, we identify priority topics and offer suggestions and priorities for future biodiversity research in China. These priorities include(i) the ecology and biogeography of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and surrounding mountains, and that of subtropical and tropical forests across China;(ii) marine and inland aquatic biodiversity; and(iii) effective conservation and management to identify and maintain synergies between biodiversity and socio-economic development to fulfil China’s vision for becoming an ecological civilization. In addition, we propose three future strategies:(i) translate advanced biodiversity science into practice for biodiversity conservation;(ii) strengthen capacity building and application of advanced technologies, including high-throughput sequencing, genomics and remote sensing; and(iii) strengthen and expand international collaborations.Based on the recent rapid progress of biodiversity research, China is well positioned to become a global leader in biodiversity research in the near future.

关键词： biodiversity inventory biodiversity maintenance biodiversity monitoring biodiversity origins biodiversity-ecosystem functioning

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Robots in Ecology:Welcome to the machine

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Open Journal of Ecology 2012年第2期2卷 49-57页

作者： David Gremillet William Puech Veronique Garcon Thierry Boulinier Yvon Le Maho Centre for Functional and Evolutionary Ecology National Center for Scientific ResearchMontpellierFrance FitzPatrick Institute DST/NRF Centre of ExcellenceUniversity of Cape TownRondeboschSouth Africa Laboratory of Informatics Roboticsand MicroelectronicsNational Center for Scientific ResearchUniversite Montpellier IIMontpellierFrance Laboratory of Geophysics and Satellite Oceanography National Center for Scientific ResearchToulouseFrance Department of Ecology Physiology and EthologyHubert Curien InstituteNational Center for Scientific ResearchStrasbourgFrance

Robots have primarily been developed for warfare, yet they also serve peaceful purposes. Their use in ecology is in its infancy, but they may soon become essential tools in a broad variety of ecological sub-disciplines. Autonomous robots, in particular drones sent to previously inaccessible areas, have revolutionized data acquisition, not only for abiotic parameters, but also for recording the behavior of undisturbed animals and collecting biological material. Robots will also play an essential role in population ecology, as they will allow for automatic census of individuals through image processing, or via detection of animals marked electronically. These new technologies will enable automated experimentation for increasingly large sample sizes, both in the laboratory and in the field. Finally, interactive robots and cyborgs are becoming major players in modern studies of animal behavior. Such rapid progress nonetheless raises ethical, environmental, and security issues.

关键词： Animal Behavior biodiversity monitoring Autonomous Vehicle Drone Cyborg Population Biology Robot Ethics Robotics Network

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