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Synthesis,optimization and characterization of biochar based catalyst from sawdust for simultaneous esterification and transesterification

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2018年第12期26卷 2654-2663页

作者： Suchith Chellappan Vaishakh Nair Sajith V. Aparna K. Department of Chemical Engineering National Institute of TechnologyCalicut India Institute of Physical Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences School of Nano Science and Technology National Institute of Technology

The development of a benign environmental catalyst for the generation of biodiesel is an area of importance to reduce the overall usage of fossil fuels. In the current work, biochar was produced by slow pyrolysis of Irul wood sawdust. The optimization for biochar generation was carried out for different reaction temperatures and heating durations. The biochar was used to prepare solid acid catalysts by sulfonation process. The characterization of biochar and the sulfonated catalyst were carried out using Elemental analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), Powder X-ray Diffraction(XRD), Thermo Gravimetric Analysis(TGA), Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM) and Surface area analyzer(BET). The characterization results showed that sulfonation of biochar resulted in biochar based solid acid catalyst containing various functional acidic groups like weak acidic\\OH groups, strong acidic\\COOH and SO3 H groups. The total acid density and sulfonic acid group density of catalyst were estimated and showed excellent acidic sites concentration which gives a good catalytic activity for biodiesel production through simultaneous esterification and transesterification. The enhanced catalytic activity is due to the high acid density of SO3 H groups and the reactant accessibility towards acidic sites as well as the strong affinity between the hydrophilic reactants and the neutral OH groups which are bonded with the polycyclic aromatic carbon rings. The performance of biochar catalyst for the production of biodiesel was evaluated by comparing the yield obtained. The FTIR and Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectroscopy(GC–MS) were also carried out for the analysis of biodiesel produced.

关键词： biochar biochar based catalyst Pyrolysis Biomass Sulfonation

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biochar affects methylmercury production and bioaccumulation in paddy soils: Insights from soil-derived dissolved organic matter

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第9期34卷 68-77页

作者： Siqi Zhang Mingxing Wang Jiang Liu Shanyi Tian Xueling Yang Guangquan Xiao Guomin Xu Tao Jiang Dingyong Wang Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin Department of Environmental Sciences and EngineeringCollege of Resources and EnvironmentSouthwest UniversityChongqing 400716China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of SciencesGuiyang 550002China Soil Ecology Laboratory College of Resources and Environmental SciencesNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials Guiyang 550014China Guizhou Material Industrial Technology Institute Guiyang 550014China Institute of Environment and Health Jianghan UniversityWuhan 430056China

biochar has been used increasingly as a soil additive to control mercury(Hg) pollution in paddy rice fields. As the most active component of soil organic matter, soil dissolved organic matter(DOM) plays a vital role in the environmental fate of contaminants. However, there are very few studies to determine the impact of biochar on the Hg cycle in rice paddies using insights from DOM. This study used original and modified biochar to investigate their effect on DOM dynamics and their potential impact on methylmercury(MeHg) production and bioaccumulation in rice plants. Porewater DOM was collected to analyze the variations in soil-derived DOM in paddy soils. The results showed that the addition of biochar, whether in original or modified form, significantly reduced the bioaccumulation of MeHg in rice plants, especially in hulls and grains( p biochar. biochar addition induced a significant increase in DOM’s aromaticity and molecular weight( p biochar on the fate of Hg cycle involves competition between the two different roles of DOM. This study identified a specific mechanism by which biochar affects Hg behavior in rice paddy soil and contributes to understanding the more general influence of biochar in agriculture and contaminant remediation.

关键词： Dissolved organic matter Mercury Methylmercury biochar Rice

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biochar-mediated regulation of greenhouse gas emission and toxicity reduction in bioremediation of organophosphorus pesticide-contaminated soils

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2018年第12期26卷 2592-2600页

作者： Meinan Zhen Benru Song Xiaomei Liu Radhika Chandankere Jingchun Tang Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education) Tianjin Engineering Center of Environmental Diagnosis and Contamination Remediation College of Environmental Science and Engineering Nankai University Department of Building Civil and Environmental Engineering Concordia University

Organophosphorus pesticides(OPPs) are a set of toxic persistent organic pollutants(POPs) present in the environment. Recently, biochar-mediated bioremediation has exhibited many advantages over conventional methods for the remediation of pesticide-contaminated soil. In the present study, biochar and nitrogen fertilizer(NH_4NO_3)were employed to remediate OPP-contaminated soil and the greenhouse gas(GHG) emission during 90 days of incubation was investigated. After thermal desorption treatment, the content of organophosphorus pesticides reduced from 175.61 μg·kg^(-1) to 62.68 μg·kg^(-1). The addition of NH_4NO_3 in the following bioremediation led to larger reduction(34.35%) of the pesticide concentration than that of biochar(31.90%) for the contaminated soils with thermal desorption treatment, while the simultaneous addition of biochar and NH_4NO_3 led to the largest reduction of pesticide concentration(11.07%) for the soil without thermal desorption treatment. The addition of biochar and NH_4NO_3 only slightly increased the emission rate of GHGs from the soil without thermal treatment,but remarkably increased the emission rate of GHGs from the soil after thermal treatment. In most cases, the addition of NH_4NO_3 is more effective than biochar to promote the degradation of pesticide, but also exhibited higher GHG emission. The microbial community analysis suggests that the enhanced degradation of pesticide is mainly owing to the increased activity of microorganism.

关键词： Organophosphorus pesticides biochar NH3NO4 Remediation Greenhouse gas Microbial community

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biochar application significantly increases soil organic carbon under conservation tillage:an 11-year field experiment

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biochar 2023年第1期5卷 492-505页

作者： Xinyu Ding Guitong Li Xiaorong Zhao Qimei Lin Xiang Wang Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation(North China) College of Land Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China

biochar application and conservation tillage are significant for long-term organic carbon(OC)sequestration in soil and enhancing crop yields,however,their effects on native soil organic carbon(native SOC)without biochar carbon sequestration in situ remain largely ***,an 11-year field experiment was carried out to examine different biochar application rates(0,30,60,and 90 Mg ha^(−1))on native SOC pools(native labile SOC pool I and II,and native recalcitrant SOC)and microbial activities in calcareous soil across an entire winter wheat-maize *** proportions of C_(3) and C_(4)-derived native SOC mineralization were quantified using soil basal respiration(SBR)combined with 13C natural isotope abundance *** results showed that 39-51%of the biochar remained in the top 30 cm after 11 *** application rates significantly increased native SOC and native recalcitrant SOC contents but decreased the proportion of native labile SOC[native labile SOC pool I and II,dissolved organic carbon(DOC),and microbial biomass carbon(MBC)].biochar application tended to increase the indicators of microbial activities associated with SOC degradation,such as SBR,fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis activity,and metabolic quotient(qCO_(2)).Meanwhile,higher biochar application rates(B60 and B90)significantly increased the C_(4)-derived CO_(2) proportion of the SBR and enhanced C_(4)-derived native SOC *** effect of the biochar application rate on the content and proportion of native SOC fractions occurred in the 0-15 cm layer,however,there were no significant differences at 15-30 *** depth also significantly increased native labile SOC pool Ⅰ and Ⅱ contents and decreased qCO_(2).In conclusion,the biochar application rate significantly increased native SOC accumulation in calcareous soil by enhancing the proportion of native recalcitrant SOC,and biochar application and soil depth collectively influenced the seasonal turnover of native SOC fract

关键词： biochar Long-term field experiments Soil organic carbon Organic carbon components Conservation tillage ^(13)C natural isotope

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biochar-mediated Cd accumulation in rice grains through altering chemical forms,subcellular distribution,and physiological characteristics

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biochar 2023年第1期5卷 830-843页

作者： Le Chen Lin Guo Qiangqiang Xiong Ping Liao Xueyun Deng Xiaohua Pan Xueming Tan Xiaobing Xie Qigen Dai Hui Gao Haiyan Wei Yongjun Zeng Hongcheng Zhang Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology and Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops and Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Crop PhysiologyEcology and Genetic BreedingJiangxi Agricultural UniversityNanchang 330045China

biochar can change the availability and morphology of soil ***,the influence of biochar on Cd chemical form and subcellular fraction in rice is poorly understood,particularly under different irrigation methods.A pot experiment of biochar application combined with two irrigation methods(continuous flooding and intermittent irrigation,CF and Ⅱ)was *** Cd accumulation,chemical form and subcellular fraction in rice organs and the associated physiological responses were *** significantly reduced soil available Cd(30.85-47.26%and 32.35-52.35%)under CF and Ⅱ but increased the Cd content(30.4-63.88%and 13.03-18.59%)in brown ***,the Cd content in shoots/grains under Ⅱ was higher than that under *** elevated the Cd soluble fraction in roots while lowered the cell wall fraction under both irrigation methods,whereas the opposite result was observed in *** increased water-,ethanol-,and NaCl-extractable Cd in roots meanwhile increased ethanol-extractable Cd in leaves under both irrigation ***,the total amount of water-,ethanol-,and NaCl-extractable Cd in rice roots was higher under Ⅱ than under *** hormones and antioxidant enzymes may also be involved in biochar-mediated Cd accumulation in rice ***,changes in Cd chemical form and subcellular fraction in the root and leaf are the main mechanisms of biochar-induced rice grains Cd accumulation.

关键词： biochar Rice Cd accumulation Chemical forms Subcellular distribution Endogenous hormone Antioxidant enzyme

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biochar induced trade-offs and synergies between ecosystem services and crop productivity

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第11期23卷 3882-3895页

作者： Jinxia Wang Qiu Huang Kai Peng Dayang Yang Guozhen Wei Yunfei Ren Yixuan Wang Xiukang Wang Nangia Vinay Shikun Sun Yanming Yang Fei Mo College of Agronomy Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Technology Extension Center Linzhi 860000China College of Life Sciences Yan’an UniversityYan’an 716000China International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas(ICARDA) Raba 6299-10112tMorocco College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China College of Agronomy Inner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHohhot 010019China

biochar amendment offers a chance for sustainable ***,the effectiveness of biochar relies on its physical and chemical properties,which are heavily affected by biochar production conditions and management ***,substantial uncertainties regarding the use of biochar exist in agricultural systems *** study provides the first quantitative evaluation of the impacts of biochar characteristics and management practices on key ecosystem services by performing a second-order meta-analysis based on 34,628 paired observations in biochar-amended and unamended ***,biochar enhances phytotoxicity alleviation,physiology regulation,soil remediation and carbon sequestration,and microbial functional gene ***,some prominent trade-offs exist between crop productivity and ecosystem service deliveries including for nutrient cycling,microbial function,climate change mitigation,and the soil microbial *** adoption of low C:N biochar produced at high pyrolysis temperatures from sewage sludge-derived feedstock,in combination with a moderate application rate and inorganic fertilizer input,shows potential for achieving synergistic promotion of crop productivity and ecosystem *** outcomes highlight the need for judicious implementation of biochar-based solutions to site-specific soil *** quantified synergy and tradeoff relationships will aid the establishment of a sustainable biochar development framework that strengthens necessary ecosystem services commensurate with food security assurance.

关键词： biochar soil remediation phytotoxicity alleviation carbon sequestration productivity

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biochar derived from agricultural wastes and wood residues for sustainable agricultural and environmental applications

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2022年第2期10卷 335-341页

作者： Saowanee Wijitkosum Environmental Research Institute Chulalongkorn University Phayathai RoadPathumwanBangkok10330Thailand

Lignocellulosic biomass can be circulated to produce many materials and products,including *** study analyzed five different types of biochar produced from agricultural wastes and wood *** raw materials included three agricultural by-products:corncob,cassava rhizome,rice husk,and two types of wood residues:rain tree(Samanea saman(Jacq.)Merr.)and krachid(Streblus ilicifolius(Vidal)Corner.).The biochar were made in patented retorts with locally-appropriated technology at a temper-ature range of 450e500*** research focuses on the primary physicochemical properties and biochar components,allowing biochar to become a vital material to support sustainable agriculture and the *** properties used for agriculture consist of specific surface area,total pore volume,average pore diameter,pH,electrical conductivity(EC),and cation exchange capacity(CEC).The prop-erties that benefit the environmental purposes are the element:carbon(C),hydrogen(H),nitrogen(N),oxygen(O),and the molar ratio of H/C,O/C,and C/*** study found that all five types of biochar contained suitable properties for soil amendment and carbon ***,significant dif-ferences were shown in specific surface area,average pore diameter,pH,CEC,and EC of various *** on O/C and H/C ratios,all five types of biochar persisted in soil from 100 to over 1,000 years.

关键词： Lignocellulosic biomass biochar Soil amendment Carbon sequestration Agricultural waste management

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biochar potentially enhances maize tolerance to arsenic toxicity by improving physiological and biochemical responses to excessive arsenate

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biochar 2023年第1期5卷 1222-1242页

作者： Md.Mezanur Rahman Ashim Kumar Das Sharmin Sultana Protik Kumar Ghosh Md.Robyul Islam Sanjida Sultana Keya Minhaz Ahmed Sheikh Arafat Islam Nihad MdArifur Rahman Khan Mylea C.Lovell Md.Abiar Rahman S.M.Ahsan Touhidur Rahman Anik Pallavi Fnu Lam-Son Phan Tran Mohammad Golam Mostofa Department of Plant Soil ScienceInstitute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress ToleranceTexas Tech UniversityLubbockTX 79409USA Department of Agroforestry EnvironmentBangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural UniversityGazipur 1706Bangladesh Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering(IBGE) Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural UniversityGazipur 1706Bangladesh Department of Agronomy Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural UniversityGazipur 1706Bangladesh Plant Pathology Division Bangladesh Rice Research InstituteGazipur 1701Bangladesh Department of Agriculture Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman ScienceTechnology UniversityGopalganj 8100Bangladesh Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA Plant Resilience Institute Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA

Metalloid pollution,including arsenic poisoning,is a serious environmental issue,plaguing plant productivity and quality of life ***,a carbon-rich material,has been known to alleviate the negative effects of environmental pollutants on ***,the specific role of biochar in mitigating arsenic stress in maize remains relatively ***,we elucidated the functions of biochar in improving maize growth under the elevated level of sodium arsenate(Na_(2)AsO_(4),AsV).Maize plants were grown in pot-soils amended with two doses of biochar(2.5%(B1)and 5.0%(B2)biochar Kg^(−1) of soil)for 5 days,followed by exposure to Na_(2)AsO_(4)(’B1+AsV’and’B2+AsV’)for 9 *** plants exposed to AsV only accumulated substantial amount of arsenic in both roots and leaves,triggering severe phytotoxic effects,including stunted growth,leaf-yellowing,chlorosis,reduced photosynthesis,and nutritional imbalance,when compared with control ***,biochar addition improved the phenotype and growth of AsV-stressed maize plants by reducing root-to-leaf AsV translocation(by 46.56 and 57.46%in‘B1+AsV’and‘B2+AsV’plants),improving gas-exchange attributes,and elevating chlorophylls and mineral levels beyond AsV-stressed *** pretreatment also substantially counteracted AsV-induced oxidative stress by lowering reactive oxygen species accumulation,lipoxygenase activity,malondialdehyde level,and electrolyte *** oxidative stress in‘B1+AsV’and‘B2+AsV’plants likely supported by a strong antioxidant system powered by biochar-mediated increased activities of superoxide dismutase(by 25.12 and 46.55%),catalase(51.78 and 82.82%),and glutathione S-transferase(61.48 and 153.83%),and improved flavonoid levels(41.48 and 75.37%,respectively).Furthermore,increased levels of soluble sugars and free amino acids also correlated with improved leaf relative water content,suggesting a better osmotic acclimatization mechanism in biochar-pretreated AsV-exposed plants.

关键词： Arsenic contamination Antioxidant defense system biochar Gas-exchange attributes Nutrient dynamics Oxidative stress

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biochar-mediated removal of pharmaceutical compounds from aqueous matrices via adsorption

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Waste Disposal and Sustainable Energy 2023年第1期5卷 37-62页

作者： Sahil Chauhan Tajamul Shafi Brajesh Kumar Dubey Shamik Chowdhury School of Environmental Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology KharagpurKharagpurWest Bengal721302India Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology KharagpurKharagpurWest Bengal721302India

Pharmaceutical is one of the noteworthy classes of emerging contaminants. These biologically active compounds pose a range of deleterious impacts on human health and the environment. This is attributed to their refractory behavior, poor biodegradability, and pseudopersistent nature. Their large-scale production by pharmaceutical industries and subsequent widespread utilization in hospitals, community health centers, and veterinary facilities, among others, have significantly increased the occurrence of pharmaceutical residues in various environmental compartments. Several technologies are currently being evaluated to eliminate pharmaceutical compounds (PCs) from aqueous environments. Among them, adsorption appears as the most viable treatment option because of its operational simplicity and low cost. Intensive research and development efforts are, therefore, currently underway to develop inexpensive adsorbents for the effective abatement of PCs. Although numerous adsorbents have been investigated for the removal of PCs in recent years, biochar-based adsorbents have garnered tremendous scientific attention to eliminate PCs from aqueous matrices because of their decent specific surface area, tunable surface chemistry, scalable production, and environmentally benign nature. This review, therefore, attempts to provide an overview of the latest progress in the application of biochar for the removal of PCs from wastewater. Additionally, the fundamental knowledge gaps in the domain knowledge are identified and novel strategic research guidelines are laid out to make further advances in this promising approach towards sustainable development.

关键词： Pharmaceuticals Adsorption Adsorbents biochar Wastewater treatment

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biochar influences the cane fields’microbiota and the development of pre-sprouted sugarcane seedlings

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Waste Disposal and Sustainable Energy 2023年第1期5卷 75-88页

作者： Bruna Cristina Pinto Adriana Barboza Alves Osania Emerenciano Ferreira Gustavo Henrique Gravatim Costa Magno Andréde Oliveira Augusto Cesar da Silva Bezerra Alan Rodrigues Teixeira Machado Postgraduate Program in Environmental Sciences State University of Minas GeraisFrutal UnityFrutalMinas Gerais38202-436Brazil Department of Agricultural and Biological Sciences State University of Minas GeraisFrutal UnityFrutalMinas Gerais38208-436Brazil Postgraduate Program in Geotechnical Engineering Federal University of Ouro PretoOuro PretoMinas Gerais35400-000Brazil Department of Transport Engineering Federal Center for Technological Education of Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteMinas Gerais30421-169Brazil Department of Exact Sciences State University of Minas GeraisJoão Monlevade UnityJoão MonlevadeMinas Gerais35930-314Brazil

This research investigates the soil conditioning effect of sugar cane fields with biochar produced from sugarcane *** influence on the physicochemical and microbiological conditions of the soil and the agronomic performance of sugarcane seedlings was *** this end,the biochar from sugarcane bagasse was produced by pyrolysis in a double drum oven and mixed with soil at rates of 0,1%,3%,and 5%(in weight).The experiment was installed in a greenhouse with two evaluation periods(30 days and 60 days)and five *** pot received a pre-sprouted cane seedling,and the analysis of colony-forming units(bacteria and fungi),physicochemical characteristics of the soil,and growth and development of sugarcane were performed per *** biochar showed a high fixed carbon content(72%)and a specific surface area estimated by the adsorption of methylene blue of 50 m2 g−***,its structure is porous and contains important nutrients(e.g.,CaO,K2O,and P2O5).In the periods evaluated,the applications of the 3%and 5%(in weight)rates of biochar reduced most of the soil fertility ***,the chemical analyses indicated that the sugarcane field soil collected already possessed high *** microbiota was influenced,but only the application of the 3%(in weight)rate at 60 days after planting showed a significant positive effect on the number of bacteria forming units,with an increase of approximately 385%.On the other hand,no significant positive effect on sugarcane development was ***,biochar application in high-fertility sugarcane plantation soil did not result in gains for sugarcane development in the periods evaluated.

关键词： Soil Biometry Microbiology Double drum oven biochar

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